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Title: Kernel changes  |  Android Open Source Project

Open Graph Title: Kernel changes  |  Android Open Source Project

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https://source.android.com/
Docs https://source.android.com/docs
What's New? https://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew
Getting Started https://source.android.com/docs/setup
Security https://source.android.com/docs/security
Core Topics https://source.android.com/docs/core
Compatibility https://source.android.com/docs/compatibility
Android Devices https://source.android.com/docs/devices
Automotive https://source.android.com/docs/automotive
Reference https://source.android.com/reference
Android Code Search https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hal
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl
Interfaces and packageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/interfaces
Interface hashinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/hashing
Services and data transferhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/services
Fast Message Queuehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/fmq
Use Binder IPChttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/binder-ipc
Use MemoryBlockhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/memoryblock
Network stack configuration toolshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/network-stack
Model threadinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/threading
Convert HAL moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/converting
Data typeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/types
Safe unionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/safe_union
Interface versioninghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/versioning
Code style guidehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl/code-style
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-cpp
Packageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-cpp/packages
Interfaceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-cpp/interfaces
Data typeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-cpp/types
Functionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-cpp/functions
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-java
Data typeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-java/types
Interface methods and errorshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-java/interfaces
Export constantshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hidl-java/constants
HIDL framework backward compatibility verificationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hal/framework-testing
Dynamically available HALshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hal/dynamic-lifecycle
Legacy HALs (AOSP <=v7)https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/hal/archive
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel
Kernel release noteshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/release-notes
Stable kernel releases and updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/releases
Android common kernelshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/android-common
GKI projecthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/generic-kernel-image
GKI developmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-dev
GKI versioning schemehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-versioning
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-release-builds
android12-5.10 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android12-5_10-release-builds
android13-5.10 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_10-release-builds
android13-5.15 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_15-release-builds
android14-5.15 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-5_15-release-builds
android14-6.1 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-6_1-release-builds
android15-6.6 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android15-6_6-release-builds
android16-6.12 release buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android16-6_12-release-builds
android12-5.10 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android12-5_10-deprecated-builds
android13-5.10 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_10-deprecated-builds
android13-5.15 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_15-deprecated-builds
android14-5.15 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-5_15-deprecated-builds
android14-6.1 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-6_1-deprecated-builds
android15-6.6 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android15-6_6-deprecated-builds
android16-6.12 deprecated buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android16-6_12-deprecated-builds
android12-5.10 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android12-5_10-release-builds.json
android13-5.10 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_10-release-builds.json
android13-5.15 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android13-5_15-release-builds.json
android14-5.15 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-5_15-release-builds.json
android14-6.1 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android14-6_1-release-builds.json
android15-6.6 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android15-6_6-release-builds.json
android16-6.12 release buildshttps://source.android.com/static/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-android16-6_12-release-builds.json
GKI release processhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-releases
GKI 16-6.12 android-mainline erratahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/android16-6.12-errata
Maintain a stable KMIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/stable-kmi
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/abi-monitor
Run ABI monitoringhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/howto-abi-monitor
Work with symbol listshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/howto-symbol-lists
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/modules
Configure kernel features as GKI moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/convert-or-add
Vendor module guidelineshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/vendor-module-guidelines
Loadable kernel moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/loadable-kernel-modules
Kernel module supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/kernel-module-support
Test GKI moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/test-kernel
Boot time optimizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/boot-time-opt
Debug featureshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/debugging-with-gki
Develop kernel code for GKIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/kernel-code
Android kernel file system supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/android-kernel-file-system-support
Extend the kernel with eBPFhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/bpf
Use DebugFS in Android 12https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/using-debugfs-12
FIPS 140-3 certifiable GKI crypto modulehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-fips140-module
EROFShttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/erofs
Android kernel FAQhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/gki-faq
Kernel networking unit testshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/network_tests
Transition from ION to DMA-BUF heaps (5.4 kernel)https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/dma-buf-heaps
Incremental file systemhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/kernel/incfs
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration
Implement system properties as APIshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/sysprops-apis
Add system propertieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/add-system-properties
Implement Config File Schema APIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/config-file-schema-api
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive
ConfigStorehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive/config-store
Create the HAL interfacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive/interface
Implement the servicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive/service
Client-side usehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive/client
Add ConfigStore classes and itemshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/configuration/archive/add-class-item
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto
Implement DTOshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/implement
DTO syntaxhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/syntax
Compile and verifyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/compile
Use multiple DTshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/multiple
DTB and DTBO partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/partitions
Optimize DTOhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/dto/optimize
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk
Enable VNDKhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/enabling
VNDK build system supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/build-system
VNDK extensionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/extensions
VNDK snapshot designhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/snapshot-design
Generate VNDK snapshotshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/snapshot-generate
Generate vendor snapshotshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/snapshot-vendor
Linker namespacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/linker-namespace
Directories, rules, and sepolicyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/dir-rules-sepolicy
RenderScripthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/renderscript
ABI stabilityhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/abi-stability
Prebuilt ABI usages checkerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vndk/abi-use-check
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf
Manifestshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/objects
Compatibility matrixeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/comp-matrices
FCM lifecyclehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/fcm
Device manifest developmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/dm
Match ruleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/match-rules
Additional resourceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/vintf/resources
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl
AIDL languagehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/aidl-language
AIDL backendshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/aidl-backends
Stable AIDLhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/stable-aidl
AIDL for HALshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/aidl-hals
Run AIDL services dynamicallyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/dynamic-aidl
Annotations in AIDLhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/aidl-annotations
FMQ with AIDLhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/fmq
AIDL fuzzinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/aidl-fuzzing
AIDL style guidehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/aidl/stable-aidl-apis
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/ipc/binder-overview
Handle threadshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/ipc/binder-threading
Priority inheritancehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/ipc/priority-inheritance
Handle cached and frozen appshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/ipc/binder-freezer
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader
Canonical boot reasonhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/boot-reason
Boot image headerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/boot-image-header
Implement bootconfighttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/implementing-bootconfig
Recovery imageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/recovery-images
DTB imageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/dtb-images
Implement OTA updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/updating
Lock and unlock the bootloaderhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/locking_unlocking
Version information in AVB propertieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/version-info-avb
Move fastboot to userspacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/fastbootd
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/generic-bootloader
Deploy GBLhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/bootloader/generic-bootloader/gbl-dev
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions
Partition layouthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/system-as-root
Vendor boot partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/vendor-boot-partitions
Vendor and ODM DLKM partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/vendor-odm-dlkm-partition
Android shared system imagehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/shared-system-image
Ramdisk partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/ramdisk-partitions
Generic boot partitionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/generic-boot
ODM partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/odm-partitions
Product partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/product-partitions
Implement a GKI module partitionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/gki-partitions
Enforce product partition interfaceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/product-interfaces
Trusty OS partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/partitions/tos-partitions
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/16kb
Use Cuttlefish with 16 KB page size on ARM64https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/getting-started-cf-arm64-pgagnostic
Simulate Cuttlefish with 16 KB page size on x86-64https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/getting-started-cf-x86-64-pgagnostic
Flash Pixel with 16 KB page size supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/flash-pixel-with-16kb-kernel
Get the page sizehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/getting-page-size
Optimize performance for 16 KB modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/optimize
16 KB system propertieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/system-properties
Enable 16 KB togglehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/16kb-developer-option
Enable 16 KB backcompat optionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/16kb-page-size/16kb-backcompat-option
Vendor API levelhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/api-flags
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio
Terminologyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/terminology
Audio HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement
AIDL Audio HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/aidl-implement
Configurable Audio Policy support in AIDL HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/aidl-cap
AIDL and HIDL Audio HAL comparisonhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/aidl-hidl-comp
HIDL Audio HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/hidl-implement
Configure audio policieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement-policy
Configure a shared libraryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement-shared-library
Configure preprocessing effectshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement-pre-processing
Data formatshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/data_formats
Attributeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/attributes
Effectshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/audio-effects
High-resolution audiohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/highres-effects
Device type limithttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/device-type-limit
AAudio and MMAPhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/aaudio
Audio warmuphttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/warmup
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/latency
Contributorshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/contrib
Design for reduced latencyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/design
Measure audio latencyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/measure
Audio loopback donglehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/loopback
Measurementshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/measurements
For app developershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/latency/app
Avoid priority inversionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/avoiding_pi
Sample rate conversionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/src
Debugginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/debugging
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/midi
MIDI architecturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/midi_arch
MIDI test procedurehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/midi_test
USB digital audiohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/usb
Preferred mixer attributes on USB deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/preferred-mixer-attr
TV audiohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/tv
Concurrent capturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/concurrent
Sound Triggerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/sound-trigger
Combined audio device routinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/combined-audio-routing
Spatial audio and head trackinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/spatial
Implementationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement-spatial-audio
Head tracking over LE audiohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/ht-leaudio
Sound dosehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/sound-dose
Dynamic soundbar modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/soundbar
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera
Camera HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3
HAL subsystemhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_requests_hal
3A modes and state transitionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_3Amodes
Camera debugginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/debugging
Error and stream handlinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_error_stream
Metadata and controlshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_metadata
Output streams, cropping, and zoomhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_crop_reprocess
Request creation and submissionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera3_requests_methods
Stream configurationshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/stream-config
Camera HAL3 buffer management APIshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/buffer-management-api
Session parametershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/session-parameters
Single producer, multiple consumerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/singleprod-multiconsum
10-bit camera outputhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/10-bit-camera-output
Camera bokehhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/bokeh
Concurrent camera streaminghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/concurrent-streaming
Camera extensionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camerax-vendor-extensions
Camera extensions validation toolhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camerax-vendor-extensions-validation-tool
Camera preview stabilizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/camera-preview-stabilization
External USB camerashttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/external-usb-cameras
High dynamic range modeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/hdr-modes
HEIF imaginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/heif
Monochrome camerashttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/monochrome
Motion trackinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/motion-tracking
Multi-camera supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/multi-camera
System camerashttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/system-cameras
Torch strength controlhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/torch-strength-control
Ultra HDRhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/ultra-hdr
Use a device as a webcamhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/webcam
Wide gamut capturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/wide-gamut
Camera version supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/versioning
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth
Bluetooth serviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/services
Bluetooth Low Energyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/ble
Hearing aid audio support using BLEhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/asha
BLE advertisinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/ble_advertising
Verify and debughttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/verifying_debugging
HCI requirementshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/hci_requirements
Presence calibrationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/presence-requirements
Android OS identificationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/os-identification
Host card emulation of FeliCahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/felica
NFC off-host payment synchronizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/offhost-payment-sync
Secure NFChttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/secure-nfc
Quick Access Wallethttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/quick-access-wallet
Android proprietary NCI commandshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/android-proprietary-nci-commands
5G non-standalone (NSA)https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/5g-nsa
Implement phone number blockinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/block-numbers
Call notificationshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/call-notification
Domain selection servicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/domain-selection
Implement Emergency Affordancehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/emergency-affordance
Android emergency number databasehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/emergency-number-db
Emergency numbers and emergency callinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/emergency-call
Implement IMShttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/ims
IMS service entitlementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/ims-service-entitlement
IMS single registrationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/ims-single-registration
Phone account suggestionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/phone-account-suggestion
Implement RTThttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/rtt
Support third-party calling appshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/third-party-call-apps
Visual voicemailhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/voicemail
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/carrier
5G network slicinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/5g-slicing
APN and CarrierConfighttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/update
Carrier identificationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/carrierid
Implement data planshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/data-plans
Device identifiershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/device-identifiers
Implement eSIMhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-overview
Modem requirements for eSIM supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-modem-requirements
eUICC APIshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-euicc-api
Multiple enabled profileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-mep
Handle eUICC API errorshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-error-handling
Downloadable test profileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-test-profiles
eSIM transfer carrier integrationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/esim-transfer-carrier-integration
Improve VPN user experiencehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/vpn-ux
Multi-operator network supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/multi-operator-networks
Customize device behavior for out-of-balance usershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/oob-users
RIL refactoringhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/ril
Small cell supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/small-cell
UICC carrier privilegeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/uicc
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time
Location time zone detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/location-tz-detection
Telephony time zone detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/telephony-tz-detection
Network time detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/network-time-detection
GNSS time detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/gnss-time-detection
External time detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/external-time-detection
Time source priorityhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time-source
Time zone policy and recommendationshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/time/time-zone-policy-recommendations
Time zone ruleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/timezone-rules
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/uwb
UWB HAL interfacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/uwb-hal-interface
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-overview
Wi-Fi HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-hal
Wi-Fi infrastructure featureshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-infrastructure
Test, debug, and tune Wi-Fihttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-debug
Android Packet Filterhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/android-packet-filter
Carrier Wi-Fihttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/carrier-wifi
MAC randomization behaviorhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-mac-randomization-behavior
Implement MAC randomizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-mac-randomization
Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0)https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-passpoint
Wi-Fi STA/AP concurrencyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-sta-ap-concurrency
Wi-Fi STA/STA concurrencyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-sta-sta-concurrency
Trust on First Use (TOFU)https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-tofu
Wi-Fi Awarehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-aware
Wi-Fi/cellular coex channel avoidancehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-coex-channel-avoidance
Wi-Fi Directhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-direct
Wi-Fi Easy Connecthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-easy-connect
Wi-Fi hotspot (Soft AP)https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-softap
Wi-Fi AP/AP concurrencyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-ap-ap-concurrency
Wi-Fi low-latency modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-low-latency
Wi-Fi network selectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-network-selection
Wi-Fi preferred network offload scanninghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-scan
Wi-Fi Round Trip Time (RTT)https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-rtt
WPA3 and Wi-Fi Enhanced Openhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-wpa3-owe
Wi-Fi 7https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-7
Companion device profileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/companion-device-profile
Connectivity Diagnostics APIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/connectivity-diagnostics-api
Connectivity user interfacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/connectivity-ui
Network selectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/network-selection
Ranging: Out-of-band message sequence and payload specificationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/ranging-oob-spec
Signal strength reportinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/signal-strength
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data
Data usage tags explainedhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/tags-explained
Data Saver modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/data-saver
eBPF traffic monitoringhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/ebpf-traffic-monitor
Exclude network types from usage datahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/excluding-network-types
Network interface statistics overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/iface-overview
Tethering datahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/tethering-data
Tethering hardware offloadhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/tethering-offload
Usage cycle reset dateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/usage-cycle-resets-dates
Kernel overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/kernel-overview
Kernel changeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/kernel-changes
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display
Implement adaptive iconshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/adaptive-icons
App shortcutshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/app-shortcuts
Implement circular iconshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/circular-icons
Conversation notifications and widgetshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/conv-notifications
Window blurshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/window-blurs
Widgets and shortcutshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/widgets-shortcuts
Implement synchronized app transitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/synched-app-transitions
Color managementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/color-mgmt
Display cutoutshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/display-cutouts
Do not disturbhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/dnd
HDR video playbackhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/hdr
Implement night lighthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/night-light
Tone mapping HDR luminance to an SDR-compatible rangehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/tone-mapping
Material You designhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/material
Dynamic colorhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/dynamic-color
Tent and wedge postureshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/foldables/tent-wedge-mode
Fold lock behavior settinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/foldables/fold-lock-behavior-setting
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi-window
Desktop windowing featureshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/desktop-windowing
Split-screen interactionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/split-screen
Picture-in-picturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/pip
Window magnificationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/window-magnifier
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display
Recommended practiceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/recommended-practices
Testing and development environmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/testing-dev-environment
Frequently asked questionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/faq
Multi-resumehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/multi-resume
Activity launch policyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/activity-launch
Display supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/displays
System decorations supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/system-decorations
Lock screenhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/lock-screen
Input method editor supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/ime-support
Input routinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/input-routing
Multi-zone audiohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/multi_display/multi-zone-audio
Notification historyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/notification-history
Permission for opt-In notificationshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/notification-perm
Task Managerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/task-manager
Retail demo modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/retail-mode
Rotate suggestionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/rotate-suggestions
Implement text classifierhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/textclassifier
Import and export home screen datahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/home-screen-data
Mixed SDR and HDR compositionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/mixed-sdr-hdr
Media controls in System UIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/media-control
WindowManager extensionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/windowmanager-extensions
Device-state based auto-rotate settinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/device-state-based-auto-rotate-setting
Quick Settings tiles categorizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/display/quick-settings-tile
Implement custom font fallbackhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/fonts/custom-font-fallback
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics
Architecturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/architecture
BufferQueue and Grallochttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-bq-gralloc
Implement DMABUF and GPU memory accountinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement-dma-buf-gpu-mem
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/overview
Run Winscopehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/run
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/capture/overview
ViewCapture in system appshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/capture/vc
On devicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/capture/on-device
Use Winscopehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/capture/winscope
Use adb commandshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/capture/adb
Load traceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/load
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/overview
Timeline navigationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/navigate
Trace searchhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/search
SurfaceFlingerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/sf
WindowManagerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/wm
Protologhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/protolog
Shell transitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/shell
ViewCapturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/winscope/analyze/view-capture
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-sh
SurfaceView and GLSurfaceViewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-sv-glsv
SurfaceTexturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-st
TextureViewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-tv
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/surfaceflinger-windowmanager
System properties in SurfaceFlingerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/surfaceflinger-props
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/hwc
Implement HWC HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement-hwc
Hotplug handlinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/hotplug
AIDL for HWC HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/aidl-hwc
Client framebuffer managementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/framebuffer-mgmt
Reduce graphics memory consumptionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/reduce-consumption
Layers and displayshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/layers-displays
VSynchttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement-vsync
Frame pacinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/frame-pacing
Multiple refresh ratehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/multiple-refresh-rate
Adaptive refresh ratehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arr
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-egl-opengl
Implement OpenGL ES and EGLhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement-opengl-es
OpenGLRenderer configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/renderer
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/arch-vulkan
Implement Vulkanhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement-vulkan
Synchronization frameworkhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/sync
Implementation testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/implement
Integrate with Android CTShttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/cts-integration
drawElements Quality Program testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/deqp-testing
Unsignaled buffer latching with AutoSingleLayerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/unsignaled-buffer-latch
Add new pixel formats to Androidhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/new-pixel-formats
HDR in Android screenshotshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics/hdr-screenshots
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input
Key layout fileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/key-layout-files
Key character map fileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/key-character-map-files
Input device configuration fileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/input-device-configuration-files
Migration guidehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/migration-guide
Keyboard deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/keyboard-devices
Touch deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/touch-devices
getevent toolhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/getevent
validatekeymaps toolhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/input/validate-keymaps
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-implement
Implement constants and primitiveshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-constants-primitives
Map constants between HAL and APIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-map-constants
Implement piecewise linear envelope effectshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-pwle
Assess the hardwarehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-assess-hardware
UX foundation for haptic frameworkhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-ux-foundation
Haptics UX designhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/haptics-ux-design
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/hardware
Set up the testing equipmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/test-equipment
Set up the test softwarehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/test-software
Measure and record target effectshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/measure
Analyze the waveformhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/analyze
Compare results using the performance maphttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/haptics/compare
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks
Burst executions and fast message queueshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/burst-executions
Compilation cachinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/compilation-caching
Control flowhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/control-flow
Device discovery and assignmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/device-discovery
Memory poolshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/memory-pools
NNAPI driver implementation best practiceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/best-practices
Quality of servicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/quality-of-service
Vendor extensionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/neural-networks/vendor-extensions
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/audio
Headset spechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/plug-headset-spec
Headset jack device spechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/jack-headset-spec
Headset spechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/usb-headset-spec
Adapter spechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/usb-adapter
Device spechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/usb-device
Headset expected behaviorhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/expected-behavior
Headset testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/headset/testing
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/custom
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/protocol
AOA 2.0https://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/aoa2
AOA 1.0https://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/aoa
Disable data signaling over USBhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/disable-signaling
Stylushttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/accessories/stylus
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors
Sensor stackhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensor-stack
Sensor typeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensor-types
Interactionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/interaction
Head tracker HID protocolhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/head-tracker-hid-protocol
Batchinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/batching
Power consumptionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/power-use
Reporting modeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/report-modes
Suspend modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/suspend-mode
Sensors offhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensors-off
Sensors AIDL HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensors-aidl-hal
Sensors Multi-HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensors-multihal
Sensors HAL 2.0https://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/sensors-hal2
Sensors HAL 1.0https://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/hal-interface
HAL version deprecationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/sensors/versioning
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction/contexthub
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media
Media moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/media-modules
MediaProvider modulehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/media-provider
Customize media componentshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/updatable-media
Low-latency decoding in MediaCodechttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/low-latency-media
Media framework hardeninghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/framework-hardening
SoC vendor dependencieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/soc
OEM dependencieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/oem
DRMhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/drm
Compatible media transcodinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/media-transcoding
Export video encoding statisticshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/encoding-stats
OEM guidance for RoI implementationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/media/roi
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf
APK cachinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/apk-caching
Cached apps freezerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/cached-apps-freezer
Optimize boot timeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/boot-times
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/health
Implement Health 2.1https://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/health/implementation-2-1
Cgroup abstraction layerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/cgroups
Low memory killer daemonhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/lmkd
Automatic Feedback-Directed Optimization (12 or higher)https://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/autofdo
Use profile-guided optimizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/pgo
Task snapshotshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/task-snapshots
Compatibility write-ahead logginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/compatibility-wal
App hibernationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/hiber
Performance Hint APIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/performance-hint-api
Performance boost for gameshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/boost
MM events historical memory statisticshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/mmevents-stats
Obtain system health informationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/trade-in-mode
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions
Ambient capabilitieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/ambient
Background location access reminderhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/background-location-access
Contacts provider and affinitieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/contacts-affinities
Discretionary access controlhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/filesystem
Immutable device IDshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/immutable-device-ids
Namespaces for native librarieshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/namespaces_libraries
Privileged permission allowlisthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/perms-allowlist
Preinstalled system packageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/preinstalled-packages
Platform-signed shared UID allowlisthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/platform-signed-shared-uid-allowlist
Privacy indicatorshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/privacy-indicators
Restrict opportunistic locationshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/restrict-opportunistic-locations
Restricted screen readinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/restricted-screen-reading
Android roleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/android-roles
Runtime permissionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/runtime_perms
Signature permission allowlisthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/signature-permission-allowlist
Tristate location permissionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/tristate-perms
Implement USB HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/usb-hal
Companion app streaminghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/app-streaming
Full-screen intent limitshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/fsi-limits
Capture Content for Noteshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/capture-content
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power
Power managementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/mgmt
Thermal mitigationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/thermal-mitigation
Power stats HALhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/power-stats-hal
App power managementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/app_mgmt
Platform power management with Dozehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/platform_mgmt
Performance managementhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/performance
App background behavior trackershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/trackers
Support batteryless deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/batteryless
Measure component powerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/component
Measure device powerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/device
Measure power valueshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/values
Routine Battery Saverhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/routine-battery-saver
TV standbyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/tv-standby
SystemSuspend servicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/systemsuspend
CPU power analysis overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/wattson/wattson
Collect and analyze traceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/power/wattson/how-to-wattson
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime
Dexpreopt and checkshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/art-class-loader-context
Android 8.0 ART improvementshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/improvements
Dalvik bytecode formathttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/dalvik-bytecode
Dalvik executable formathttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/dex-format
Dalvik executable instruction formatshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/instruction-formats
Constraintshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/constraints
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/configure
ART Service configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/configure/art-service
Package manager configuration (deprecated)https://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/configure/package-manager
ART TIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/art-ti
Implement Signed Confighttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/signed-config
Debug ART garbage collectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/gc-debug
Implement ART JIT compilerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/jit-compiler
Change the value of an app's resources at runtimehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/rros
Troubleshoot RROshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/rro-troubleshoot
Boot image profileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/boot-image-profiles
Soft restarts (<= AOSP 14)https://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/soft-restart
About the Zygotehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/zygote
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings
Design guidelineshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings/settings-guidelines
Patterns and componentshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings/patterns-components
Information architecturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings/info-architecture
Personalized settingshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings/personalized
Universal searchhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/settings/universal-search
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage
Traditional storagehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/traditional
Adoptable storagehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/adoptable
Scoped storagehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/scoped
FUSE passthroughhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/fuse-passthrough
Device configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/config
Configuration exampleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/config-example
Faster statisticshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/faster-stats
SDCardFS deprecationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/storage/sdcardfs-deprecate
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development
Simple build configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/blueprints
Complex test configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/test-config
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/instrumentation
Self-instrumenting tests examplehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/instr-self-e2e
Target an app examplehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/instr-app-e2e
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/gtest
Add new GTestshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/gtest-func-e2e
Metric testshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/metrics
JAR host testshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/jar
Test mappinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/test-mapping
Run tests with Atesthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/atest
User guidehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-user-guide
Virtual devices in OmniLab ATShttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-virtual-devices
Autoenable USB debugging on user buildshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-user-builds
Run UIConductor testshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-uicd
APIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-api
Release noteshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/ats-release-notes
FAQhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/development/android-test-station/faq
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts
Parameterized GTest for HAL testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/gtest
Test setuphttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/setup11
Generic system image (GSI)https://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/gsi
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/index10
Video tutorialshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/vts-video
Systems testing with VTShttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/systems
Device shell commandshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/shell-commands
Test templateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/test-templates
Service name aware HAL testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/sna-hal-testing
HAL testability checkhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/hal-testability
Multi-device testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/multi-device-testing
VTS with debug ramdiskhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/vts-on-gsi
Setuphttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/setup
Databasehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/database
User interfacehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/ui
Automated testing infrastructurehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/automated-test-infra
Host controller architecturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/host-controller
Performance testinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/vts/performance
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed
Starthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals
Development environmenthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/machine_setup
Work with deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/devices
Consolehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/console
Test lifecyclehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/lifecycle
Option handlinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/options
End-to-end examplehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/fundamentals/full_example
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf
Write a test runnerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/new-test-runner
Write a sharded IRemoteTest test runnerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/sharded-runner
Write a host-driven testhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/host-driven-test
Write a host-side deviceless testhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/host-side-deviceless-test
Report metrics or data from a testhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/report-metrics
Automatic test retryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/auto-retry
Retry isolationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/retry-isolation
Automated log on failure collectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/log-on-failure
Dry run a configurationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/dry-run
Run instrumentation tests from APKshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/instrumentation
Write a shell testhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/shell-test
Global filtershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-tf/global-filters
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite
Set up suiteshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/setup
Pass options and filtershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/option-passing
Check system statushttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/system-status-checker
AndroidTest.xml structurehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/android-test-structure
Configure shardinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/android-test-tuning
Employ module controllershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/module-controller
Use suite retryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/suite-retry
Multi-device moduleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/testing/through-suite/multi-devices-suites
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development
Test harness guidelineshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development/guidelines
Set up Eclipsehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development/eclipse
Include unit and functional testshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development/tf-tests
Run Error Prone bug checkerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development/error-prone
Contribute non-core codehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/development/contribute-noncore
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture
High-level structurehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/xml-config
Templates and includeshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/xml-config/template-include
Configuration objecthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/xml-config/config-object
File optionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/global-config
Host optionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/host-setup/host-options
Keystore secretshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/keystore
Test Command Schedulerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/command-scheduler
Structure of a test runnerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/test-runner
Test shardinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/sharding
Run tests with multiple deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/multi-device
Use Scripting Layerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/scripting-sl4a
Load protocols with global confighttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/protocols-global-config
Native devicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/advanced/native_device
Device stateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/device-manager
Device allocationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/device-manager/device-allocation
Device detectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/device-manager/device-detection
Build providershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/build-provider
BuildInfohttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/build-provider/build-info
Target preparershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/target-preparer
Multi-target preparershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/target-preparer/multi-target
Create a result reporterhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/result-reporter
Handle log fileshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/result-reporter/log-reporter
Result reporter summaryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/result-reporter/summary
Log saverhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/result-reporter/log_saver
Host-driven metrics collectorhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/metrics-collector
Device-side metric collectionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/tradefed/architecture/metrics-collector/device-collector
Package indexhttps://source.android.com/reference/tradefed/packages
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/mobly
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug
Read bug reportshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/read-bug-reports
Understand logginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/understanding-logging
Implement scoped vendor logginghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/scoped-vendor-logging
Diagnose native crasheshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/native-crash
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/eval_perf
Understand systracehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/systrace
Use ftracehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/ftrace
Identify capacity-related jankhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/jank_capacity
Identify jitter-related jankhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/jank_jitter
Implement Test Harness Modehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/harness
Use debuggershttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/gdb
Debug native memory usehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/native-memory
Rescue partyhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/rescue-party
Implement storagedhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/storaged
Use stracehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/tests/debug/strace
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota
APEX file formathttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/apex
Vendor APEXhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/vendor-apex
Build OTA packageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/tools
Sign builds for releasehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/sign_builds
Reduce OTA sizehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/reduce_size
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/virtual_ab
Implement Virtual A/Bhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/virtual_ab/implement
Implement Virtual A/B - patcheshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/virtual_ab/implement-patches
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/ab
Implement A/B updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/ab/ab_implement
Frequently asked questionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/ab/ab_faqs
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/nonab
Block-based OTAhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/nonab/block
Inside OTA packageshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/nonab/inside_packages
Device-specific codehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/nonab/device_code
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions
Implement dynamic partitionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/implement
OTA for A/B deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/ab_launch
OTA for legacy A/B deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/ab_legacy
OTA for non-A/B deviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/nonab
Size the super partitionhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic_partitions/how_to_size_super
Time zone ruleshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/timezone-rules
User data checkpointhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/user-data-checkpoint
Dynamic system updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/dynamic-system-updates
Resume-on-Reboothttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/resume-on-reboot
Upgrade Party for OS updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/upgrade-party
Upgrade Invite for pending OS updateshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/upgrade_invite
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system
AdServiceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/adservices
adbdhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/adbd
Android Healthhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/android-health
AppSearchhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/appsearch
ARThttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/art
Bluetoothhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/bluetooth
CellBroadcasthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/cellbroadcast
Config Infrastructurehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/config-infrastructure
Conscrypthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/conscrypt
Crash Recoveryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/crash-recovery
Device Schedulinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/scheduling
DNS Resolverhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/dns-resolver
DocumentsUIhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/documentsui
ExtServiceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/extservices
IPsec/IKEv2 Libraryhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/ipsec
Mediahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/media
MediaProviderhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/mediaprovider
ModuleMetadatahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/metadata
Network Stackhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/networking
NFC Serviceshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/nfc-services
NNAPI Runtimehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/nnapi
OnDevicePersonalizationhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/ondevicepersonalization
PermissionControllerhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/permissioncontroller
Profilinghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/profiling
Remote Key Provisioninghttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/remote-key-provisioning
SDK Extensionshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/sdk-extension
Statsdhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/statsd
Tetheringhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/tethering
Time Zone Datahttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/timezone
UprobeStatshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/uprobestats
UWBhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/uwb
Wi-Fihttps://source.android.com/docs/core/ota/modular-system/wifi
Overviewhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization
Why AVFhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/whyavf
Try AVFhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/tryavf
Write an AVF apphttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/writeavfapp
AVF Architecturehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/architecture
Microdroidhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/microdroid
VirtualizationServicehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/virtualization-service
Securityhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/security
Implement a pKVM vendor modulehttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/pkvm-modules
Use caseshttps://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization/usecases
Release notes https://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew/release-notes
Latest security bulletins https://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew/latest-security-bulletins
Latest Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) https://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew/latest-cdd
Site updates https://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew/site-updates
About https://source.android.com/docs/setup/about
Start https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start
Download https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download
Build https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build
Test https://source.android.com/docs/setup/test
Create https://source.android.com/docs/setup/create/coding-tasks
Contribute https://source.android.com/docs/setup/contribute
Community https://source.android.com/docs/setup/community/cofc
Tools, build, and related reference https://source.android.com/docs/setup/reference
Overview https://source.android.com/docs/security/overview
Bulletins https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin
Features https://source.android.com/docs/security/features
Testing https://source.android.com/docs/security/test/fuzz-sanitize
Best Practices https://source.android.com/docs/security/best-practices
Architecture https://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture
Audio https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio
Camera https://source.android.com/docs/core/camera
Connectivity https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect
Data https://source.android.com/docs/core/data
Display https://source.android.com/docs/core/display
Fonts https://source.android.com/docs/core/fonts/custom-font-fallback
Graphics https://source.android.com/docs/core/graphics
Interaction https://source.android.com/docs/core/interaction
Media https://source.android.com/docs/core/media
Performance https://source.android.com/docs/core/perf
Permissions https://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions
Power https://source.android.com/docs/core/power
Runtime https://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime
Settings https://source.android.com/docs/core/settings
Storage https://source.android.com/docs/core/storage
Tests https://source.android.com/docs/core/tests
Updates https://source.android.com/docs/core/ota
Virtualization https://source.android.com/docs/core/virtualization
Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) https://source.android.com/docs/compatibility/cdd
Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) https://source.android.com/docs/compatibility/cts
Cuttlefish https://source.android.com/docs/devices/cuttlefish
Enterprise https://source.android.com/docs/devices/admin
TV https://source.android.com/docs/devices/tv
Get Started https://source.android.com/docs/automotive/start/what_automotive
Guidelines for Development https://source.android.com/docs/automotive/guidelines
Development Tools https://source.android.com/docs/automotive/dev-tools
Testing Tools and Infrastructure https://source.android.com/docs/automotive/tools
Release Details https://source.android.com/docs/automotive/start/releases
HIDL https://source.android.com/reference/hidl
HAL https://source.android.com/reference/hal
Trade Federation https://source.android.com/reference/tradefed/classes
Security Test Suite https://source.android.com/reference/sts/classes
Changes to AOSPhttps://source.android.com/docs/whatsnew/site-updates#aosp-changes
AOSP https://source.android.com/
Docs https://source.android.com/docs
Core Topics https://source.android.com/docs/core
eBPF traffic monitoringhttps://source.android.com/docs/core/data/ebpf-traffic-monitor
Content Licensehttps://source.android.com/license
Android repository https://android.googlesource.com
Requirements https://source.android.com/source/requirements
Downloading https://source.android.com/source/downloading
Preview binaries https://developers.google.com/android/blobs-preview/
Factory images https://developers.google.com/android/images/
Driver binaries https://developers.google.com/android/drivers/
@Android on X https://x.com/Android/
@AndroidDev on X https://x.com/AndroidDev/
Android Blog https://blog.google/products/android/
Google Security Blog https://security.googleblog.com
Platform on Google Groups https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/android-platform/
Building on Google Groups https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/android-building/
Porting on Google Groups https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/android-porting/
Android Help Center https://support.google.com/android/
Pixel Help Center https://support.google.com/pixelphone/
www.android.com https://www.android.com
Google Mobile Services https://www.android.com/gms/
Stack Overflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-source/
Issue Tracker https://issuetracker.google.com/issues?q=status:open%20componentid:190923
About Android https://source.android.com/source/
Community https://source.android.com/source/community
Legal https://source.android.com/legal
License https://source.android.com/license
Privacy https://policies.google.com/privacy
Site feedback https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=191476
Manage cookies https://source.android.com/docs/core/data/kernel-changes

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