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Title: 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution — Python 3.12.0a5 documentation

Open Graph Title: 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution

Description: Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn shell and the GNU Bash shell. This is implemented...

Open Graph Description: Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn shell and the GNU Bash shell. This is implemented...

Opengraph URL: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interactive.html

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smtplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#smtplib
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#socket
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#time
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#sys
tracemallochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#tracemalloc
typinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#typing
unicodedatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#unicodedata
venvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#venv
xmlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#xml
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#optimizations
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#deprecated
Removedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#removed
Porting to Python 3.9https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#porting-to-python-3-9
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-c-api
CPython bytecode changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
Build Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#build-changes
C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#c-api-changes
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#id1
Porting to Python 3.9https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#id2
Removedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#id3
Notable changes in Python 3.9.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-9-1
typinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#id4
macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) and Apple Silicon Mac supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#macos-11-0-big-sur-and-apple-silicon-mac-support
Notable changes in Python 3.9.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-9-2
collections.abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#collections-abc
urllib.parsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.9.html#urllib-parse
What’s New In Python 3.8https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html
Summary – Release highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#summary-release-highlights
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#new-features
Assignment expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#assignment-expressions
Positional-only parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#positional-only-parameters
Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#parallel-filesystem-cache-for-compiled-bytecode-files
Debug build uses the same ABI as release buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#debug-build-uses-the-same-abi-as-release-build
f-strings support = for self-documenting expressions and debugginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#f-strings-support-for-self-documenting-expressions-and-debugging
PEP 578: Python Runtime Audit Hookshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pep-578-python-runtime-audit-hooks
PEP 587: Python Initialization Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pep-587-python-initialization-configuration
PEP 590: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pep-590-vectorcall-a-fast-calling-protocol-for-cpython
Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data buffershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pickle-protocol-5-with-out-of-band-data-buffers
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#other-language-changes
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#new-modules
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#improved-modules
asthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#ast
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#asyncio
builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#builtins
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#collections
cProfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#cprofile
csvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#csv
curseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#curses
ctypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#ctypes
datetimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#datetime
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#functools
gchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#gc
gettexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#gettext
gziphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#gzip
IDLE and idlelibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#idle-and-idlelib
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#inspect
iohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#io
itertoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#itertools
json.toolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#json-tool
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#logging
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#math
mmaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#mmap
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#multiprocessing
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#os
os.pathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#os-path
pathlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pathlib
picklehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pickle
plistlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#plistlib
pprinthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#pprint
py_compilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#py-compile
shlexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#shlex
shutilhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#shutil
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#socket
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#ssl
statisticshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#statistics
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#sys
tarfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#tarfile
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#threading
tokenizehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#tokenize
tkinterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#tkinter
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#time
typinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#typing
unicodedatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#unicodedata
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#unittest
venvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#venv
weakrefhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#weakref
xmlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#xml
xmlrpchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#xmlrpc
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#optimizations
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#deprecated
API and Feature Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#api-and-feature-removals
Porting to Python 3.8https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#porting-to-python-3-8
Changes in Python behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-python-behavior
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api
CPython bytecode changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
Demos and Toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#demos-and-tools
Notable changes in Python 3.8.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-1
Notable changes in Python 3.8.8https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-8
Notable changes in Python 3.8.12https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-12
What’s New In Python 3.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html
Summary – Release Highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#summary-release-highlights
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#new-features
PEP 563: Postponed Evaluation of Annotationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-563-postponed-evaluation-of-annotations
PEP 538: Legacy C Locale Coercionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-538-legacy-c-locale-coercion
PEP 540: Forced UTF-8 Runtime Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-540-forced-utf-8-runtime-mode
PEP 553: Built-in breakpoint()https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-553-built-in-breakpoint
PEP 539: New C API for Thread-Local Storagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-539-new-c-api-for-thread-local-storage
PEP 562: Customization of Access to Module Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-562-customization-of-access-to-module-attributes
PEP 564: New Time Functions With Nanosecond Resolutionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-564-new-time-functions-with-nanosecond-resolution
PEP 565: Show DeprecationWarning in __main__https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-565-show-deprecationwarning-in-main
PEP 560: Core Support for typing module and Generic Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-560-core-support-for-typing-module-and-generic-types
PEP 552: Hash-based .pyc Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-552-hash-based-pyc-files
PEP 545: Python Documentation Translationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-545-python-documentation-translations
Python Development Mode (-X dev)https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#python-development-mode-x-dev
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#other-language-changes
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#new-modules
contextvarshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#contextvars
dataclasseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#dataclasses
importlib.resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#importlib-resources
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#improved-modules
argparsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#argparse
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#asyncio
binasciihttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#binascii
calendarhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#calendar
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#collections
compileallhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#compileall
concurrent.futureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#concurrent-futures
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#contextlib
cProfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#cprofile
crypthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#crypt
datetimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#datetime
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#dbm
decimalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#decimal
dishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#dis
distutilshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#distutils
enumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#enum
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#functools
gchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#gc
hmachttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#hmac
http.clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#http-client
http.serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#http-server
idlelib and IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#idlelib-and-idle
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#importlib
iohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#io
ipaddresshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#ipaddress
itertoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#itertools
localehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#locale
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#logging
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#math
mimetypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#mimetypes
msilibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#msilib
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#multiprocessing
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#os
pathlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pathlib
pdbhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pdb
py_compilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#py-compile
pydochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#pydoc
queuehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#queue
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#re
signalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#signal
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#socket
socketserverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#socketserver
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#sqlite3
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#ssl
stringhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#string
subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#subprocess
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#sys
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#time
tkinterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#tkinter
tracemallochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#tracemalloc
typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#types
unicodedatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#unicodedata
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#unittest
unittest.mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#unittest-mock
urllib.parsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#urllib-parse
uuhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#uu
uuidhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#uuid
warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#warnings
xml.etreehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#xml-etree
xmlrpc.serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#xmlrpc-server
zipapphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#zipapp
zipfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#zipfile
C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#c-api-changes
Build Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#build-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#optimizations
Other CPython Implementation Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#other-cpython-implementation-changes
Deprecated Python Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-python-behavior
Deprecated Python modules, functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods
aifchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#aifc
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#whatsnew37-asyncio-deprecated
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id3
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id4
enumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id5
gettexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#gettext
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id6
localehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id7
macpathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#macpath
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#threading
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id8
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id9
sunauhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#sunau
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id10
wavehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#wave
Deprecated functions and types of the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api
Platform Support Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#platform-support-removals
API and Feature Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#api-and-feature-removals
Module Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#module-removals
Windows-only Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#windows-only-changes
Porting to Python 3.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#porting-to-python-3-7
Changes in Python Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-python-behavior
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-the-c-api
CPython bytecode changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
Windows-only Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id12
Other CPython implementation changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#id13
Notable changes in Python 3.7.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-1
Notable changes in Python 3.7.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-2
Notable changes in Python 3.7.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-6
Notable changes in Python 3.7.10https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-10
What’s New In Python 3.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html
Summary – Release highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#summary-release-highlights
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-features
PEP 498: Formatted string literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-498-formatted-string-literals
PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-526-syntax-for-variable-annotations
PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-515-underscores-in-numeric-literals
PEP 525: Asynchronous Generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-525-asynchronous-generators
PEP 530: Asynchronous Comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-530-asynchronous-comprehensions
PEP 487: Simpler customization of class creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-487-simpler-customization-of-class-creation
PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-487-descriptor-protocol-enhancements
PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-519-adding-a-file-system-path-protocol
PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-495-local-time-disambiguation
PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-529-change-windows-filesystem-encoding-to-utf-8
PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-528-change-windows-console-encoding-to-utf-8
PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-520-preserving-class-attribute-definition-order
PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-468-preserving-keyword-argument-order
New dict implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-dict-implementation
PEP 523: Adding a frame evaluation API to CPythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-523-adding-a-frame-evaluation-api-to-cpython
PYTHONMALLOC environment variablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pythonmalloc-environment-variable
DTrace and SystemTap probing supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#dtrace-and-systemtap-probing-support
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#other-language-changes
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-modules
secretshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#secrets
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#improved-modules
arrayhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#array
asthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#ast
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#asyncio
binasciihttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#binascii
cmathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#cmath
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#collections
concurrent.futureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#concurrent-futures
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#contextlib
datetimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#datetime
decimalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#decimal
distutilshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#distutils
emailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#email
encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#encodings
enumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#enum
faulthandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#faulthandler
fileinputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#fileinput
hashlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#hashlib
http.clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#http-client
idlelib and IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#idlelib-and-idle
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#importlib
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#inspect
jsonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#json
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#logging
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#math
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#multiprocessing
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#os
pathlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pathlib
pdbhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pdb
picklehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pickle
pickletoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pickletools
pydochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#pydoc
randomhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#random
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#re
readlinehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#readline
rlcompleterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#rlcompleter
shlexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#shlex
sitehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#site
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#sqlite3
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#socket
socketserverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#socketserver
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#ssl
statisticshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#statistics
structhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#struct
subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#subprocess
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#sys
telnetlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#telnetlib
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#time
timeithttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#timeit
tkinterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#tkinter
tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#traceback
tracemallochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#tracemalloc
typinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#typing
unicodedatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#unicodedata
unittest.mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#unittest-mock
urllib.requesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#urllib-request
urllib.robotparserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#urllib-robotparser
venvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#venv
warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#warnings
winreghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#winreg
winsoundhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#winsound
xmlrpc.clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#xmlrpc-client
zipfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#zipfile
zlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#zlib
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#optimizations
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Other Improvementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#other-improvements
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated
New Keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-keywords
Deprecated Python behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-python-behavior
Deprecated Python modules, functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods
asynchathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#asynchat
asyncorehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#asyncore
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#dbm
distutilshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id2
grphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#grp
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id3
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id4
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id5
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id6
tkinterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#id7
venvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#whatsnew36-venv
Deprecated functions and types of the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api
Deprecated Build Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-build-options
Removedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#removed
API and Feature Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#api-and-feature-removals
Porting to Python 3.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#porting-to-python-3-6
Changes in ‘python’ Command Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-python-command-behavior
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-the-c-api
CPython bytecode changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
Notable changes in Python 3.6.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-2
New make regen-all build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target
Removal of make touch build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target
Notable changes in Python 3.6.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-4
Notable changes in Python 3.6.5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-5
Notable changes in Python 3.6.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-7
Notable changes in Python 3.6.10https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-10
Notable changes in Python 3.6.13https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-13
What’s New In Python 3.5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html
Summary – Release highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#summary-release-highlights
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#new-features
PEP 492 - Coroutines with async and await syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-492-coroutines-with-async-and-await-syntax
PEP 465 - A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-465-a-dedicated-infix-operator-for-matrix-multiplication
PEP 448 - Additional Unpacking Generalizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-448-additional-unpacking-generalizations
PEP 461 - percent formatting support for bytes and bytearrayhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-461-percent-formatting-support-for-bytes-and-bytearray
PEP 484 - Type Hintshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-484-type-hints
PEP 471 - os.scandir() function – a better and faster directory iteratorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-471-os-scandir-function-a-better-and-faster-directory-iterator
PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTRhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-475-retry-system-calls-failing-with-eintr
PEP 479: Change StopIteration handling inside generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-479-change-stopiteration-handling-inside-generators
PEP 485: A function for testing approximate equalityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-485-a-function-for-testing-approximate-equality
PEP 486: Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-486-make-the-python-launcher-aware-of-virtual-environments
PEP 488: Elimination of PYO fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-488-elimination-of-pyo-files
PEP 489: Multi-phase extension module initializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-489-multi-phase-extension-module-initialization
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#other-language-changes
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#new-modules
typinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#typing
zipapphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#zipapp
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#improved-modules
argparsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#argparse
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#asyncio
bz2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#bz2
cgihttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#cgi
cmathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#cmath
codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#code
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#collections
collections.abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#collections-abc
compileallhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#compileall
concurrent.futureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#concurrent-futures
configparserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#configparser
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#contextlib
csvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#csv
curseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#curses
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#dbm
difflibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#difflib
distutilshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#distutils
doctesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#doctest
emailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#email
enumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#enum
faulthandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#faulthandler
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#functools
globhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#glob
gziphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#gzip
heapqhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#heapq
httphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#http
http.clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#http-client
idlelib and IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#idlelib-and-idle
imaplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#imaplib
imghdrhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#imghdr
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#importlib
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#inspect
iohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#io
ipaddresshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#ipaddress
jsonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#json
linecachehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#linecache
localehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#locale
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#logging
lzmahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#lzma
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#math
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#multiprocessing
operatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#operator
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#os
pathlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pathlib
picklehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#pickle
poplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#poplib
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#re
readlinehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#readline
selectorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#selectors
shutilhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#shutil
signalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#signal
smtpdhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#smtpd
smtplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#smtplib
sndhdrhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#sndhdr
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#socket
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#ssl
Memory BIO Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#memory-bio-support
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#application-layer-protocol-negotiation-support
Other Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#other-changes
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#sqlite3
subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#subprocess
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#sys
sysconfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#sysconfig
tarfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#tarfile
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#threading
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#time
timeithttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#timeit
tkinterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#tkinter
tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#traceback
typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#types
unicodedatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#unicodedata
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#unittest
unittest.mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#unittest-mock
urllibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#urllib
wsgirefhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#wsgiref
xmlrpchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#xmlrpc
xml.saxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#xml-sax
zipfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#zipfile
Other module-level changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#other-module-level-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#optimizations
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated
New Keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#new-keywords
Deprecated Python Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated-python-behavior
Unsupported Operating Systemshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#unsupported-operating-systems
Deprecated Python modules, functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods
Removedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#removed
API and Feature Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#api-and-feature-removals
Porting to Python 3.5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#porting-to-python-3-5
Changes in Python behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-python-behavior
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-the-c-api
Notable changes in Python 3.5.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-5-4
New make regen-all build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target
Removal of make touch build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.5.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target
What’s New In Python 3.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html
Summary – Release Highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#summary-release-highlights
New Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#new-features
PEP 453: Explicit Bootstrapping of PIP in Python Installationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-453-explicit-bootstrapping-of-pip-in-python-installations
Bootstrapping pip By Defaulthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#bootstrapping-pip-by-default
Documentation Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#documentation-changes
PEP 446: Newly Created File Descriptors Are Non-Inheritablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-446-newly-created-file-descriptors-are-non-inheritable
Improvements to Codec Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#improvements-to-codec-handling
PEP 451: A ModuleSpec Type for the Import Systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-451-a-modulespec-type-for-the-import-system
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#other-language-changes
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#new-modules
asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#asyncio
ensurepiphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#ensurepip
enumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#enum
pathlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pathlib
selectorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#selectors
statisticshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#statistics
tracemallochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#tracemalloc
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#improved-modules
abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#abc
aifchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#aifc
argparsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#argparse
audioophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#audioop
base64https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#base64
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#collections
colorsyshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#colorsys
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#contextlib
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#dbm
dishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#dis
doctesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#doctest
emailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#email
filecmphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#filecmp
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#functools
gchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#gc
globhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#glob
hashlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#hashlib
hmachttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#hmac
htmlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#html
httphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#http
idlelib and IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#idlelib-and-idle
importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#importlib
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#inspect
ipaddresshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#ipaddress
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#logging
marshalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#marshal
mmaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#mmap
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#multiprocessing
operatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#operator
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#os
pdbhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pdb
picklehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pickle
plistlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#plistlib
poplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#poplib
pprinthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pprint
ptyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pty
pydochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pydoc
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#re
resourcehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#resource
selecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#select
shelvehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#shelve
shutilhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#shutil
smtpdhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#smtpd
smtplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#smtplib
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#socket
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#sqlite3
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#ssl
stathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#stat
structhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#struct
subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#subprocess
sunauhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#sunau
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#sys
tarfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#tarfile
textwraphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#textwrap
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#threading
tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#traceback
typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#types
urllibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#urllib
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#unittest
venvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#venv
wavehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#wave
weakrefhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#weakref
xml.etreehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#xml-etree
zipfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#zipfile
CPython Implementation Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#cpython-implementation-changes
PEP 445: Customization of CPython Memory Allocatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-445-customization-of-cpython-memory-allocators
PEP 442: Safe Object Finalizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-442-safe-object-finalization
PEP 456: Secure and Interchangeable Hash Algorithmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-456-secure-and-interchangeable-hash-algorithm
PEP 436: Argument Clinichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-436-argument-clinic
Other Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#other-build-and-c-api-changes
Other Improvementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#other-improvements
Significant Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#significant-optimizations
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecated
Deprecations in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecations-in-the-python-api
Deprecated Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecated-features
Removedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#removed
Operating Systems No Longer Supportedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#operating-systems-no-longer-supported
API and Feature Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#api-and-feature-removals
Code Cleanupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#code-cleanups
Porting to Python 3.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#porting-to-python-3-4
Changes in ‘python’ Command Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-python-command-behavior
Changes in the Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-the-python-api
Changes in the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-the-c-api
Changed in 3.4.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#changed-in-3-4-3
PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clientshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-476-enabling-certificate-verification-by-default-for-stdlib-http-clients
What’s New In Python 3.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html
Summary – Release highlightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#summary-release-highlights
PEP 405: Virtual Environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-405-virtual-environments
PEP 420: Implicit Namespace Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-420-implicit-namespace-packages
PEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3118-new-memoryview-implementation-and-buffer-protocol-documentation
Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#features
API changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#api-changes
PEP 393: Flexible String Representationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-393-flexible-string-representation
Functionalityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#functionality
Performance and resource usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#performance-and-resource-usage
PEP 397: Python Launcher for Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-397-python-launcher-for-windows
PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3151-reworking-the-os-and-io-exception-hierarchy
PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgeneratorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-380-syntax-for-delegating-to-a-subgenerator
PEP 409: Suppressing exception contexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-409-suppressing-exception-context
PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-414-explicit-unicode-literals
PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3155-qualified-name-for-classes-and-functions
PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dictionaryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-412-key-sharing-dictionary
PEP 362: Function Signature Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-362-function-signature-object
PEP 421: Adding sys.implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-421-adding-sys-implementation
SimpleNamespacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#simplenamespace
Using importlib as the Implementation of Importhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#using-importlib-as-the-implementation-of-import
New APIshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#new-apis
Visible Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#visible-changes
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#other-language-changes
A Finer-Grained Import Lockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#a-finer-grained-import-lock
Builtin functions and typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#builtin-functions-and-types
New Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#new-modules
faulthandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#faulthandler
ipaddresshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#ipaddress
lzmahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#lzma
Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#improved-modules
abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#abc
arrayhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#array
base64https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#base64
binasciihttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#binascii
bz2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#bz2
codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#codecs
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#collections
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#contextlib
crypthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#crypt
curseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#curses
datetimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#datetime
decimalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#decimal
Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#id1
API changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#id2
emailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#email
Policy Frameworkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#policy-framework
Provisional Policy with New Header APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#provisional-policy-with-new-header-api
Other API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#other-api-changes
ftplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#ftplib
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#functools
gchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#gc
hmachttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#hmac
httphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#http
htmlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#html
imaplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#imaplib
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#inspect
iohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#io
itertoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#itertools
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#logging
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#math
mmaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#mmap
multiprocessinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#multiprocessing
nntplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#nntplib
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#os
pdbhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pdb
picklehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pickle
pydochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#pydoc
rehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#re
schedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#sched
selecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#select
shlexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#shlex
shutilhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#shutil
signalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#signal
smtpdhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#smtpd
smtplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#smtplib
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#socket
socketserverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#socketserver
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#sqlite3
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#ssl
stathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#stat
structhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#struct
subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#subprocess
syshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#sys
tarfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#tarfile
tempfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#tempfile
textwraphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#textwrap
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#threading
timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#time
typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#types
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#unittest
urllibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#urllib
webbrowserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#webbrowser
xml.etree.ElementTreehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#xml-etree-elementtree
zlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#zlib
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#optimizations
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Deprecatedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated
Unsupported Operating Systemshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#unsupported-operating-systems
Deprecated Python modules, functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods
Deprecated functions and types of the C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api
Deprecated featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-features
Porting to Python 3.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-to-python-3-3
Porting Python codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-python-code
Porting C codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-c-code
Building C extensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#building-c-extensions
Command Line Switch Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.3.html#command-line-switch-changes
What’s New In Python 3.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html
PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-384-defining-a-stable-abi
PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-389-argparse-command-line-parsing-module
PEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-391-dictionary-based-configuration-for-logging
PEP 3148: The concurrent.futures modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3148-the-concurrent-futures-module
PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3147-pyc-repository-directories
PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3149-abi-version-tagged-so-files
PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3333-python-web-server-gateway-interface-v1-0-1
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#other-language-changes
New, Improved, and Deprecated Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules
emailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#email
elementtreehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#elementtree
functoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#functools
itertoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#itertools
collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#collections
threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#threading
datetime and timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#datetime-and-time
mathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#math
abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#abc
iohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#io
reprlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#reprlib
logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#logging
csvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#csv
contextlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#contextlib
decimal and fractionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#decimal-and-fractions
ftphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#ftp
popenhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#popen
selecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#select
gzip and zipfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#gzip-and-zipfile
tarfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#tarfile
hashlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#hashlib
asthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#ast
oshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#os
shutilhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#shutil
sqlite3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#sqlite3
htmlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#html
sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#socket
sslhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#ssl
nntphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#nntp
certificateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#certificates
imaplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#imaplib
http.clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#http-client
unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#unittest
randomhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#random
poplibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#poplib
asyncorehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#asyncore
tempfilehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#tempfile
inspecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#inspect
pydochttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pydoc
dishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#dis
dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#dbm
ctypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#ctypes
sitehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#site
sysconfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#sysconfig
pdbhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#pdb
configparserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#configparser
urllib.parsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#urllib-parse
mailboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#mailbox
turtledemohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#turtledemo
Multi-threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#multi-threading
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#optimizations
Unicodehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#unicode
Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#codecs
Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#documentation
IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#idle
Code Repositoryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#code-repository
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Porting to Python 3.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.2.html#porting-to-python-3-2
What’s New In Python 3.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html
PEP 372: Ordered Dictionarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-372-ordered-dictionaries
PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-378-format-specifier-for-thousands-separator
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#other-language-changes
New, Improved, and Deprecated Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#optimizations
IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#idle
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Porting to Python 3.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.1.html#porting-to-python-3-1
What’s New In Python 3.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html
Common Stumbling Blockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#common-stumbling-blocks
Print Is A Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#print-is-a-function
Views And Iterators Instead Of Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#views-and-iterators-instead-of-lists
Ordering Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#ordering-comparisons
Integershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#integers
Text Vs. Data Instead Of Unicode Vs. 8-bithttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#text-vs-data-instead-of-unicode-vs-8-bit
Overview Of Syntax Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#overview-of-syntax-changes
New Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#new-syntax
Changed Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#changed-syntax
Removed Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#removed-syntax
Changes Already Present In Python 2.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#changes-already-present-in-python-2-6
Library Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#library-changes
PEP 3101: A New Approach To String Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#pep-3101-a-new-approach-to-string-formatting
Changes To Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#changes-to-exceptions
Miscellaneous Other Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#miscellaneous-other-changes
Operators And Special Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#operators-and-special-methods
Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#builtins
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Performancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#performance
Porting To Python 3.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/3.0.html#porting-to-python-3-0
What’s New in Python 2.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html
The Future for Python 2.xhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#the-future-for-python-2-x
Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#changes-to-the-handling-of-deprecation-warnings
Python 3.1 Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#python-3-1-features
PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-372-adding-an-ordered-dictionary-to-collections
PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-378-format-specifier-for-thousands-separator
PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-389-the-argparse-module-for-parsing-command-lines
PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-391-dictionary-based-configuration-for-logging
PEP 3106: Dictionary Viewshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-3106-dictionary-views
PEP 3137: The memoryview Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-3137-the-memoryview-object
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#other-language-changes
Interpreter Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#interpreter-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#optimizations
New and Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#new-and-improved-modules
New module: importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#new-module-importlib
New module: sysconfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#new-module-sysconfig
ttk: Themed Widgets for Tkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#ttk-themed-widgets-for-tk
Updated module: unittesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#updated-module-unittest
Updated module: ElementTree 1.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#updated-module-elementtree-1-3
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Capsuleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#capsules
Port-Specific Changes: Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-windows
Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS Xhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-mac-os-x
Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSDhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-freebsd
Other Changes and Fixeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#other-changes-and-fixes
Porting to Python 2.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#porting-to-python-2-7
New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releaseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#new-features-added-to-python-2-7-maintenance-releases
Two new environment variables for debug modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#two-new-environment-variables-for-debug-mode
PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Brancheshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-434-idle-enhancement-exception-for-all-branches
PEP 466: Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-466-network-security-enhancements-for-python-2-7
PEP 477: Backport ensurepip (PEP 453) to Python 2.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-477-backport-ensurepip-pep-453-to-python-2-7
Bootstrapping pip By Defaulthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#bootstrapping-pip-by-default
Documentation Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#documentation-changes
PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clientshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-476-enabling-certificate-verification-by-default-for-stdlib-http-clients
PEP 493: HTTPS verification migration tools for Python 2.7https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-493-https-verification-migration-tools-for-python-2-7
New make regen-all build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target
Removal of make touch build targethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.7.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html
Python 3.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#python-3-0
Changes to the Development Processhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#changes-to-the-development-process
New Issue Tracker: Rounduphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#new-issue-tracker-roundup
New Documentation Format: reStructuredText Using Sphinxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#new-documentation-format-restructuredtext-using-sphinx
PEP 343: The ‘with’ statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-343-the-with-statement
Writing Context Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#writing-context-managers
The contextlib modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-contextlib-module
PEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-366-explicit-relative-imports-from-a-main-module
PEP 370: Per-user site-packages Directoryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-370-per-user-site-packages-directory
PEP 371: The multiprocessing Packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-371-the-multiprocessing-package
PEP 3101: Advanced String Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3101-advanced-string-formatting
PEP 3105: print As a Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3105-print-as-a-function
PEP 3110: Exception-Handling Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3110-exception-handling-changes
PEP 3112: Byte Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3112-byte-literals
PEP 3116: New I/O Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3116-new-i-o-library
PEP 3118: Revised Buffer Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3118-revised-buffer-protocol
PEP 3119: Abstract Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3119-abstract-base-classes
PEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3127-integer-literal-support-and-syntax
PEP 3129: Class Decoratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3129-class-decorators
PEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for Numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3141-a-type-hierarchy-for-numbers
The fractions Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-fractions-module
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#other-language-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#optimizations
Interpreter Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#interpreter-changes
New and Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#new-and-improved-modules
The ast modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-ast-module
The future_builtins modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-future-builtins-module
The json module: JavaScript Object Notationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-json-module-javascript-object-notation
The plistlib module: A Property-List Parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#the-plistlib-module-a-property-list-parser
ctypes Enhancementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#ctypes-enhancements
Improved SSL Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#improved-ssl-support
Deprecations and Removalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#deprecations-and-removals
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Port-Specific Changes: Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-windows
Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS Xhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-mac-os-x
Port-Specific Changes: IRIXhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-irix
Porting to Python 2.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#porting-to-python-2-6
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.6.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html
PEP 308: Conditional Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-308-conditional-expressions
PEP 309: Partial Function Applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-309-partial-function-application
PEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-314-metadata-for-python-software-packages-v1-1
PEP 328: Absolute and Relative Importshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-328-absolute-and-relative-imports
PEP 338: Executing Modules as Scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-338-executing-modules-as-scripts
PEP 341: Unified try/except/finallyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-341-unified-try-except-finally
PEP 342: New Generator Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-342-new-generator-features
PEP 343: The ‘with’ statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-343-the-with-statement
Writing Context Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#writing-context-managers
The contextlib modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-contextlib-module
PEP 352: Exceptions as New-Style Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-352-exceptions-as-new-style-classes
PEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-353-using-ssize-t-as-the-index-type
PEP 357: The ‘__index__’ methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-357-the-index-method
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#other-language-changes
Interactive Interpreter Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#interactive-interpreter-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#optimizations
New, Improved, and Removed Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#new-improved-and-removed-modules
The ctypes packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-ctypes-package
The ElementTree packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-elementtree-package
The hashlib packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-hashlib-package
The sqlite3 packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-sqlite3-package
The wsgiref packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#the-wsgiref-package
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Port-Specific Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#port-specific-changes
Porting to Python 2.5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#porting-to-python-2-5
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.5.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html
PEP 218: Built-In Set Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-218-built-in-set-objects
PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-237-unifying-long-integers-and-integers
PEP 289: Generator Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-289-generator-expressions
PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-292-simpler-string-substitutions
PEP 318: Decorators for Functions and Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-318-decorators-for-functions-and-methods
PEP 322: Reverse Iterationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-322-reverse-iteration
PEP 324: New subprocess Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-324-new-subprocess-module
PEP 327: Decimal Data Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-327-decimal-data-type
Why is Decimal needed?https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#why-is-decimal-needed
The Decimal typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#the-decimal-type
The Context typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#the-context-type
PEP 328: Multi-line Importshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-328-multi-line-imports
PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Conversionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-331-locale-independent-float-string-conversions
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#other-language-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#optimizations
New, Improved, and Deprecated Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules
cookielibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#cookielib
doctesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#doctest
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Port-Specific Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#port-specific-changes
Porting to Python 2.4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#porting-to-python-2-4
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.4.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html
PEP 218: A Standard Set Datatypehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-218-a-standard-set-datatype
PEP 255: Simple Generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-255-simple-generators
PEP 263: Source Code Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-263-source-code-encodings
PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-273-importing-modules-from-zip-archives
PEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NThttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-277-unicode-file-name-support-for-windows-nt
PEP 278: Universal Newline Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-278-universal-newline-support
PEP 279: enumerate()https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-279-enumerate
PEP 282: The logging Packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-282-the-logging-package
PEP 285: A Boolean Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-285-a-boolean-type
PEP 293: Codec Error Handling Callbackshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-293-codec-error-handling-callbacks
PEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for Distutilshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-301-package-index-and-metadata-for-distutils
PEP 302: New Import Hookshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-302-new-import-hooks
PEP 305: Comma-separated Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-305-comma-separated-files
PEP 307: Pickle Enhancementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-307-pickle-enhancements
Extended Sliceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#extended-slices
Other Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#other-language-changes
String Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#string-changes
Optimizationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#optimizations
New, Improved, and Deprecated Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules
Date/Time Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#date-time-type
The optparse Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#the-optparse-module
Pymalloc: A Specialized Object Allocatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#pymalloc-a-specialized-object-allocator
Build and C API Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#build-and-c-api-changes
Port-Specific Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#port-specific-changes
Other Changes and Fixeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#other-changes-and-fixes
Porting to Python 2.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#porting-to-python-2-3
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.3.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#introduction
PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#peps-252-and-253-type-and-class-changes
Old and New Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#old-and-new-classes
Descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#descriptors
Multiple Inheritance: The Diamond Rulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#multiple-inheritance-the-diamond-rule
Attribute Accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#attribute-access
Related Linkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#related-links
PEP 234: Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-234-iterators
PEP 255: Simple Generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-255-simple-generators
PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-237-unifying-long-integers-and-integers
PEP 238: Changing the Division Operatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-238-changing-the-division-operator
Unicode Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#unicode-changes
PEP 227: Nested Scopeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-227-nested-scopes
New and Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#new-and-improved-modules
Interpreter Changes and Fixeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#interpreter-changes-and-fixes
Other Changes and Fixeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#other-changes-and-fixes
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.2.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.1https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#introduction
PEP 227: Nested Scopeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-227-nested-scopes
PEP 236: __future__ Directiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-236-future-directives
PEP 207: Rich Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-207-rich-comparisons
PEP 230: Warning Frameworkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-230-warning-framework
PEP 229: New Build Systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-229-new-build-system
PEP 205: Weak Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-205-weak-references
PEP 232: Function Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-232-function-attributes
PEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive Platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-235-importing-modules-on-case-insensitive-platforms
PEP 217: Interactive Display Hookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-217-interactive-display-hook
PEP 208: New Coercion Modelhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-208-new-coercion-model
PEP 241: Metadata in Python Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-241-metadata-in-python-packages
New and Improved Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#new-and-improved-modules
Other Changes and Fixeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#other-changes-and-fixes
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.1.html#acknowledgements
What’s New in Python 2.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#introduction
What About Python 1.6?https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#what-about-python-1-6
New Development Processhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#new-development-process
Unicodehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#unicode
List Comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#list-comprehensions
Augmented Assignmenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#augmented-assignment
String Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#string-methods
Garbage Collection of Cycleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#garbage-collection-of-cycles
Other Core Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#other-core-changes
Minor Language Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#minor-language-changes
Changes to Built-in Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#changes-to-built-in-functions
Porting to 2.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#porting-to-2-0
Extending/Embedding Changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#extending-embedding-changes
Distutils: Making Modules Easy to Installhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#distutils-making-modules-easy-to-install
XML Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#xml-modules
SAX2 Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#sax2-support
DOM Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#dom-support
Relationship to PyXMLhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#relationship-to-pyxml
Module changeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#module-changes
New moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#new-modules
IDLE Improvementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#idle-improvements
Deleted and Deprecated Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#deleted-and-deprecated-modules
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/2.0.html#acknowledgements
Changeloghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html
Python nexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-next
Securityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#security
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#core-and-builtins
Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#library
Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#documentation
Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#tests
Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#build
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#windows
macOShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#macos
C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#c-api
Python 3.12.0 alpha 5https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-12-0-alpha-5
Securityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id2
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id4
Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id5
Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id6
Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id7
Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id8
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id9
Python 3.12.0 alpha 4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-12-0-alpha-4
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id10
Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id11
Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id12
Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id13
Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id14
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id15
macOShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id16
Tools/Demoshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#tools-demos
C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id17
Python 3.12.0 alpha 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-12-0-alpha-3
Securityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id18
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id19
Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id20
Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id21
Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id22
Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id23
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id24
macOShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id25
Tools/Demoshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id26
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Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id554
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Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id557
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Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id565
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Python 3.5.1 finalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-1-final
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Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id574
Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id575
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id576
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Python 3.5.0 finalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-final
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Python 3.5.0 release candidate 4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-4
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Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-3
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id581
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Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-2
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Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id584
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Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id589
Python 3.5.0 beta 4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-4
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Python 3.5.0 beta 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-3
Core and Builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id593
Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id594
Testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#id595
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Python 3.5.0 beta 2https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-2
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Python 3.5.0 alpha 4https://python-sidebar.github.io/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-alpha-4
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----------------------https://python-sidebar.github.io/glossary.html
The Python Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/index.html
1. Whetting Your Appetitehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appetite.html
2. Using the Python Interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html
2.1. Invoking the Interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html#invoking-the-interpreter
2.1.1. Argument Passinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html#argument-passing
2.1.2. Interactive Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html#interactive-mode
2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environmenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html#the-interpreter-and-its-environment
2.2.1. Source Code Encodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interpreter.html#source-code-encoding
3. An Informal Introduction to Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html
3.1. Using Python as a Calculatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator
3.1.1. Numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html#numbers
3.1.2. Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html#strings
3.1.3. Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html#lists
3.2. First Steps Towards Programminghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming
4. More Control Flow Toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html
4.1. if Statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements
4.2. for Statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements
4.3. The range() Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function
4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loopshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-statements-and-else-clauses-on-loops
4.5. pass Statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#pass-statements
4.6. match Statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#match-statements
4.7. Defining Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions
4.8. More on Defining Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions
4.8.1. Default Argument Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#default-argument-values
4.8.2. Keyword Argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-arguments
4.8.3. Special parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#special-parameters
4.8.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-or-keyword-arguments
4.8.3.2. Positional-Only Parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-only-parameters
4.8.3.3. Keyword-Only Argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-only-arguments
4.8.3.4. Function Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#function-examples
4.8.3.5. Recaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#recap
4.8.4. Arbitrary Argument Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists
4.8.5. Unpacking Argument Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#unpacking-argument-lists
4.8.6. Lambda Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#lambda-expressions
4.8.7. Documentation Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#documentation-strings
4.8.8. Function Annotationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#function-annotations
4.9. Intermezzo: Coding Stylehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/controlflow.html#intermezzo-coding-style
5. Data Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html
5.1. More on Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists
5.1.1. Using Lists as Stackshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-stacks
5.1.2. Using Lists as Queueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-queues
5.1.3. List Comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions
5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#nested-list-comprehensions
5.2. The del statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement
5.3. Tuples and Sequenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences
5.4. Setshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#sets
5.5. Dictionarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries
5.6. Looping Techniqueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques
5.7. More on Conditionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-conditions
5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/datastructures.html#comparing-sequences-and-other-types
6. Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html
6.1. More on Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#more-on-modules
6.1.1. Executing modules as scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#executing-modules-as-scripts
6.1.2. The Module Search Pathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#the-module-search-path
6.1.3. “Compiled” Python fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#compiled-python-files
6.2. Standard Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules
6.3. The dir() Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#the-dir-function
6.4. Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#packages
6.4.1. Importing * From a Packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#importing-from-a-package
6.4.2. Intra-package Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#intra-package-references
6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/modules.html#packages-in-multiple-directories
7. Input and Outputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html
7.1. Fancier Output Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#fancier-output-formatting
7.1.1. Formatted String Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#formatted-string-literals
7.1.2. The String format() Methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#the-string-format-method
7.1.3. Manual String Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#manual-string-formatting
7.1.4. Old string formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#old-string-formatting
7.2. Reading and Writing Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files
7.2.1. Methods of File Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#methods-of-file-objects
7.2.2. Saving structured data with jsonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/inputoutput.html#saving-structured-data-with-json
8. Errors and Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html
8.1. Syntax Errorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#syntax-errors
8.2. Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions
8.3. Handling Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#handling-exceptions
8.4. Raising Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions
8.5. Exception Chaininghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#exception-chaining
8.6. User-defined Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#user-defined-exceptions
8.7. Defining Clean-up Actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#defining-clean-up-actions
8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#predefined-clean-up-actions
8.9. Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#raising-and-handling-multiple-unrelated-exceptions
8.10. Enriching Exceptions with Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/errors.html#enriching-exceptions-with-notes
9. Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html
9.1. A Word About Names and Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#a-word-about-names-and-objects
9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces
9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#scopes-and-namespaces-example
9.3. A First Look at Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#a-first-look-at-classes
9.3.1. Class Definition Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#class-definition-syntax
9.3.2. Class Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#class-objects
9.3.3. Instance Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#instance-objects
9.3.4. Method Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#method-objects
9.3.5. Class and Instance Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#class-and-instance-variables
9.4. Random Remarkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#random-remarks
9.5. Inheritancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#inheritance
9.5.1. Multiple Inheritancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#multiple-inheritance
9.6. Private Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#private-variables
9.7. Odds and Endshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#odds-and-ends
9.8. Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#iterators
9.9. Generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#generators
9.10. Generator Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/classes.html#generator-expressions
10. Brief Tour of the Standard Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html
10.1. Operating System Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#operating-system-interface
10.2. File Wildcardshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#file-wildcards
10.3. Command Line Argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#command-line-arguments
10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Terminationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#error-output-redirection-and-program-termination
10.5. String Pattern Matchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#string-pattern-matching
10.6. Mathematicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#mathematics
10.7. Internet Accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#internet-access
10.8. Dates and Timeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#dates-and-times
10.9. Data Compressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#data-compression
10.10. Performance Measurementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#performance-measurement
10.11. Quality Controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#quality-control
10.12. Batteries Includedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib.html#batteries-included
11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part IIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html
11.1. Output Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#output-formatting
11.2. Templatinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#templating
11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layoutshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#working-with-binary-data-record-layouts
11.4. Multi-threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#multi-threading
11.5. Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#logging
11.6. Weak Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#weak-references
11.7. Tools for Working with Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#tools-for-working-with-lists
11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/stdlib2.html#decimal-floating-point-arithmetic
12. Virtual Environments and Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/venv.html
12.1. Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/venv.html#introduction
12.2. Creating Virtual Environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/venv.html#creating-virtual-environments
12.3. Managing Packages with piphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/venv.html#managing-packages-with-pip
13. What Now?https://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/whatnow.html
14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitutionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interactive.html
14.1. Tab Completion and History Editinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interactive.html#tab-completion-and-history-editing
14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/interactive.html#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter
15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/floatingpoint.html
15.1. Representation Errorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/floatingpoint.html#representation-error
16. Appendixhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html
16.1. Interactive Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html#interactive-mode
16.1.1. Error Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html#error-handling
16.1.2. Executable Python Scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html#executable-python-scripts
16.1.3. The Interactive Startup Filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html#the-interactive-startup-file
16.1.4. The Customization Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/tutorial/appendix.html#the-customization-modules
The Python Standard Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/index.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/intro.html
Notes on availabilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/intro.html#notes-on-availability
WebAssembly platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/intro.html#webassembly-platforms
Built-in Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/functions.html
Built-in Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/constants.html
Constants added by the site modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/constants.html#constants-added-by-the-site-module
Built-in Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html
Truth Value Testinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing
Boolean Operations — and, or, nothttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not
Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#comparisons
Numeric Types — int, float, complexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex
Bitwise Operations on Integer Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#bitwise-operations-on-integer-types
Additional Methods on Integer Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-integer-types
Additional Methods on Floathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-float
Hashing of numeric typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#hashing-of-numeric-types
Iterator Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types
Generator Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#generator-types
Sequence Types — list, tuple, rangehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range
Common Sequence Operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#common-sequence-operations
Immutable Sequence Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#immutable-sequence-types
Mutable Sequence Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#mutable-sequence-types
Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#lists
Tupleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#tuples
Rangeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#ranges
Text Sequence Type — strhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#text-sequence-type-str
String Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods
printf-style String Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting
Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#binary-sequence-types-bytes-bytearray-memoryview
Bytes Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#bytes-objects
Bytearray Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#bytearray-objects
Bytes and Bytearray Operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#bytes-and-bytearray-operations
printf-style Bytes Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-bytes-formatting
Memory Viewshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#memory-views
Set Types — set, frozensethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset
Mapping Types — dicthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict
Dictionary view objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#dictionary-view-objects
Context Manager Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types
Type Annotation Types — Generic Alias, Unionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#type-annotation-types-generic-alias-union
Generic Alias Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#generic-alias-type
Standard Generic Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#standard-generic-classes
Special Attributes of GenericAlias objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#special-attributes-of-genericalias-objects
Union Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#union-type
Other Built-in Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#other-built-in-types
Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#modules
Classes and Class Instanceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#classes-and-class-instances
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#functions
Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#methods
Code Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#code-objects
Type Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#type-objects
The Null Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#the-null-object
The Ellipsis Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#the-ellipsis-object
The NotImplemented Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#the-notimplemented-object
Boolean Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-values
Internal Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#internal-objects
Special Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#special-attributes
Integer string conversion length limitationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#integer-string-conversion-length-limitation
Affected APIshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#affected-apis
Configuring the limithttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#configuring-the-limit
Recommended configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stdtypes.html#recommended-configuration
Built-in Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html
Exception contexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#exception-context
Inheriting from built-in exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#inheriting-from-built-in-exceptions
Base classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#base-classes
Concrete exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#concrete-exceptions
OS exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#os-exceptions
Warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#warnings
Exception groupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#exception-groups
Exception hierarchyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy
Text Processing Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/text.html
string — Common string operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html
String constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#string-constants
Custom String Formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#custom-string-formatting
Format String Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#format-string-syntax
Format Specification Mini-Languagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language
Format exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#format-examples
Template stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#template-strings
Helper functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/string.html#helper-functions
re — Regular expression operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html
Regular Expression Syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax
Module Contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#module-contents
Flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#flags
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#functions
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#exceptions
Regular Expression Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#regular-expression-objects
Match Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#match-objects
Regular Expression Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#regular-expression-examples
Checking for a Pairhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#checking-for-a-pair
Simulating scanf()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#simulating-scanf
search() vs. match()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#search-vs-match
Making a Phonebookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#making-a-phonebook
Text Munginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#text-munging
Finding all Adverbshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#finding-all-adverbs
Finding all Adverbs and their Positionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#finding-all-adverbs-and-their-positions
Raw String Notationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#raw-string-notation
Writing a Tokenizerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/re.html#writing-a-tokenizer
difflib — Helpers for computing deltashttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html
SequenceMatcher Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#sequencematcher-objects
SequenceMatcher Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#sequencematcher-examples
Differ Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#differ-objects
Differ Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#differ-example
A command-line interface to difflibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#a-command-line-interface-to-difflib
ndiff examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/difflib.html#ndiff-example
textwrap — Text wrapping and fillinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/textwrap.html
unicodedata — Unicode Databasehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unicodedata.html
stringprep — Internet String Preparationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stringprep.html
readline — GNU readline interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html
Init filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#init-file
Line bufferhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#line-buffer
History filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#history-file
History listhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#history-list
Startup hookshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#startup-hooks
Completionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#completion
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/readline.html#example
rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readlinehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/rlcompleter.html
Completer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/rlcompleter.html#completer-objects
Binary Data Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/binary.html
struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html
Functions and Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#functions-and-exceptions
Format Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#format-strings
Byte Order, Size, and Alignmenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#byte-order-size-and-alignment
Format Charactershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#format-characters
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#examples
Applicationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#applications
Native Formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#native-formats
Standard Formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#standard-formats
Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/struct.html#classes
codecs — Codec registry and base classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html
Codec Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#codec-base-classes
Error Handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#error-handlers
Stateless Encoding and Decodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#stateless-encoding-and-decoding
Incremental Encoding and Decodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#incremental-encoding-and-decoding
IncrementalEncoder Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#incrementalencoder-objects
IncrementalDecoder Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#incrementaldecoder-objects
Stream Encoding and Decodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#stream-encoding-and-decoding
StreamWriter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#streamwriter-objects
StreamReader Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#streamreader-objects
StreamReaderWriter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#streamreaderwriter-objects
StreamRecoder Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#streamrecoder-objects
Encodings and Unicodehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#encodings-and-unicode
Standard Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
Python Specific Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#python-specific-encodings
Text Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#text-encodings
Binary Transformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#binary-transforms
Text Transformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#text-transforms
encodings.idna — Internationalized Domain Names in Applicationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#module-encodings.idna
encodings.mbcs — Windows ANSI codepagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#module-encodings.mbcs
encodings.utf_8_sig — UTF-8 codec with BOM signaturehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codecs.html#module-encodings.utf_8_sig
Data Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datatypes.html
datetime — Basic date and time typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html
Aware and Naive Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#aware-and-naive-objects
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#constants
Available Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#available-types
Common Propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#common-properties
Determining if an Object is Aware or Naivehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive
timedelta Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#timedelta-objects
Examples of usage: timedeltahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-timedelta
date Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#date-objects
Examples of Usage: datehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-date
datetime Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#datetime-objects
Examples of Usage: datetimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-datetime
time Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#time-objects
Examples of Usage: timehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-time
tzinfo Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects
timezone Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#timezone-objects
strftime() and strptime() Behaviorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior
strftime() and strptime() Format Codeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
Technical Detailhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/datetime.html#technical-detail
zoneinfo — IANA time zone supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html
Using ZoneInfohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#using-zoneinfo
Data sourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#data-sources
Configuring the data sourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#configuring-the-data-sources
Compile-time configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#compile-time-configuration
Environment configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#environment-configuration
Runtime configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#runtime-configuration
The ZoneInfo classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#the-zoneinfo-class
String representationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#string-representations
Pickle serializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#pickle-serialization
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#functions
Globalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#globals
Exceptions and warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zoneinfo.html#exceptions-and-warnings
calendar — General calendar-related functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/calendar.html
collections — Container datatypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html
ChainMap objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#chainmap-objects
ChainMap Examples and Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#chainmap-examples-and-recipes
Counter objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#counter-objects
deque objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#deque-objects
deque Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#deque-recipes
defaultdict objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#defaultdict-objects
defaultdict Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#defaultdict-examples
namedtuple() Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fieldshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields
OrderedDict objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#ordereddict-objects
OrderedDict Examples and Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes
UserDict objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#userdict-objects
UserList objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#userlist-objects
UserString objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.html#userstring-objects
collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.abc.html
Collections Abstract Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.abc.html#collections-abstract-base-classes
Collections Abstract Base Classes – Detailed Descriptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.abc.html#collections-abstract-base-classes-detailed-descriptions
Examples and Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/collections.abc.html#examples-and-recipes
heapq — Heap queue algorithmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/heapq.html
Basic Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/heapq.html#basic-examples
Priority Queue Implementation Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/heapq.html#priority-queue-implementation-notes
Theoryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/heapq.html#theory
bisect — Array bisection algorithmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bisect.html
Performance Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bisect.html#performance-notes
Searching Sorted Listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bisect.html#searching-sorted-lists
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bisect.html#examples
array — Efficient arrays of numeric valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/array.html
weakref — Weak referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/weakref.html
Weak Reference Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/weakref.html#weak-reference-objects
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/weakref.html#example
Finalizer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/weakref.html#finalizer-objects
Comparing finalizers with __del__() methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/weakref.html#comparing-finalizers-with-del-methods
types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/types.html
Dynamic Type Creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/types.html#dynamic-type-creation
Standard Interpreter Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/types.html#standard-interpreter-types
Additional Utility Classes and Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/types.html#additional-utility-classes-and-functions
Coroutine Utility Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/types.html#coroutine-utility-functions
copy — Shallow and deep copy operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/copy.html
pprint — Data pretty printerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pprint.html
PrettyPrinter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pprint.html#prettyprinter-objects
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pprint.html#example
reprlib — Alternate repr() implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/reprlib.html
Repr Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/reprlib.html#repr-objects
Subclassing Repr Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/reprlib.html#subclassing-repr-objects
enum — Support for enumerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html
Module Contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#module-contents
Data Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#data-types
Supported __dunder__ nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#supported-dunder-names
Supported _sunder_ nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#supported-sunder-names
Utilities and Decoratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#utilities-and-decorators
Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/enum.html#notes
graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/graphlib.html
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/graphlib.html#exceptions
Numeric and Mathematical Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numeric.html
numbers — Numeric abstract base classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numbers.html
The numeric towerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numbers.html#the-numeric-tower
Notes for type implementorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numbers.html#notes-for-type-implementors
Adding More Numeric ABCshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numbers.html#adding-more-numeric-abcs
Implementing the arithmetic operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/numbers.html#implementing-the-arithmetic-operations
math — Mathematical functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html
Number-theoretic and representation functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#number-theoretic-and-representation-functions
Power and logarithmic functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#power-and-logarithmic-functions
Trigonometric functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#trigonometric-functions
Angular conversionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#angular-conversion
Hyperbolic functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#hyperbolic-functions
Special functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#special-functions
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/math.html#constants
cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html
Conversions to and from polar coordinateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#conversions-to-and-from-polar-coordinates
Power and logarithmic functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#power-and-logarithmic-functions
Trigonometric functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#trigonometric-functions
Hyperbolic functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#hyperbolic-functions
Classification functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#classification-functions
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmath.html#constants
decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html
Quick-start Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#quick-start-tutorial
Decimal objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#decimal-objects
Logical operandshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#logical-operands
Context objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#context-objects
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#constants
Rounding modeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#rounding-modes
Signalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#signals
Floating Point Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#floating-point-notes
Mitigating round-off error with increased precisionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#mitigating-round-off-error-with-increased-precision
Special valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#special-values
Working with threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#working-with-threads
Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#recipes
Decimal FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/decimal.html#decimal-faq
fractions — Rational numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/fractions.html
random — Generate pseudo-random numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html
Bookkeeping functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#bookkeeping-functions
Functions for byteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#functions-for-bytes
Functions for integershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#functions-for-integers
Functions for sequenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#functions-for-sequences
Discrete distributionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#discrete-distributions
Real-valued distributionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#real-valued-distributions
Alternative Generatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#alternative-generator
Notes on Reproducibilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#notes-on-reproducibility
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#examples
Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/random.html#recipes
statistics — Mathematical statistics functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html
Averages and measures of central locationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#averages-and-measures-of-central-location
Measures of spreadhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#measures-of-spread
Statistics for relations between two inputshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#statistics-for-relations-between-two-inputs
Function detailshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#function-details
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#exceptions
NormalDist objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#normaldist-objects
NormalDist Examples and Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/statistics.html#normaldist-examples-and-recipes
Functional Programming Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/functional.html
itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient loopinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/itertools.html
Itertool functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/itertools.html#itertool-functions
Itertools Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/itertools.html#itertools-recipes
functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/functools.html
partial Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/functools.html#partial-objects
operator — Standard operators as functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/operator.html
Mapping Operators to Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/operator.html#mapping-operators-to-functions
In-place Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/operator.html#in-place-operators
File and Directory Accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/filesys.html
pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem pathshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html
Basic usehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#basic-use
Pure pathshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#pure-paths
General propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#general-properties
Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#operators
Accessing individual partshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#accessing-individual-parts
Methods and propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#methods-and-properties
Concrete pathshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#concrete-paths
Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#methods
Correspondence to tools in the os modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pathlib.html#correspondence-to-tools-in-the-os-module
os.path — Common pathname manipulationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.path.html
fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/fileinput.html
stat — Interpreting stat() resultshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/stat.html
filecmp — File and Directory Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/filecmp.html
The dircmp classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/filecmp.html#the-dircmp-class
tempfile — Generate temporary files and directorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tempfile.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tempfile.html#examples
Deprecated functions and variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tempfile.html#deprecated-functions-and-variables
glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/glob.html
fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/fnmatch.html
linecache — Random access to text lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/linecache.html
shutil — High-level file operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html
Directory and files operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#directory-and-files-operations
Platform-dependent efficient copy operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#platform-dependent-efficient-copy-operations
copytree examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#copytree-example
rmtree examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#rmtree-example
Archiving operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#archiving-operations
Archiving examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#archiving-example
Archiving example with base_dirhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#archiving-example-with-base-dir
Querying the size of the output terminalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shutil.html#querying-the-size-of-the-output-terminal
Data Persistencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/persistence.html
pickle — Python object serializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html
Relationship to other Python moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#relationship-to-other-python-modules
Comparison with marshalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#comparison-with-marshal
Comparison with jsonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#comparison-with-json
Data stream formathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#data-stream-format
Module Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#module-interface
What can be pickled and unpickled?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#what-can-be-pickled-and-unpickled
Pickling Class Instanceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#pickling-class-instances
Persistence of External Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#persistence-of-external-objects
Dispatch Tableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#dispatch-tables
Handling Stateful Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#handling-stateful-objects
Custom Reduction for Types, Functions, and Other Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#custom-reduction-for-types-functions-and-other-objects
Out-of-band Buffershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#out-of-band-buffers
Provider APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#provider-api
Consumer APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#consumer-api
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#example
Restricting Globalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#restricting-globals
Performancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#performance
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickle.html#examples
copyreg — Register pickle support functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/copyreg.html
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/copyreg.html#example
shelve — Python object persistencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shelve.html
Restrictionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shelve.html#restrictions
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shelve.html#example
marshal — Internal Python object serializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/marshal.html
dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dbm.html
dbm.gnu — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dbm.html#module-dbm.gnu
dbm.ndbm — Interface based on ndbmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dbm.html#module-dbm.ndbm
dbm.dumb — Portable DBM implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dbm.html#module-dbm.dumb
sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databaseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html
Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#tutorial
Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#reference
Module functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#module-functions
Module constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#module-constants
Connection objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#connection-objects
Cursor objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#cursor-objects
Row objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#row-objects
Blob objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#blob-objects
PrepareProtocol objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#prepareprotocol-objects
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#exceptions
SQLite and Python typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite-and-python-types
Default adapters and converters (deprecated)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#default-adapters-and-converters-deprecated
Command-line interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#command-line-interface
How-to guideshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-guides
How to use placeholders to bind values in SQL querieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-use-placeholders-to-bind-values-in-sql-queries
How to adapt custom Python types to SQLite valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-adapt-custom-python-types-to-sqlite-values
How to write adaptable objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-write-adaptable-objects
How to register adapter callableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-register-adapter-callables
How to convert SQLite values to custom Python typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-convert-sqlite-values-to-custom-python-types
Adapter and converter recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#adapter-and-converter-recipes
How to use connection shortcut methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-use-connection-shortcut-methods
How to use the connection context managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-use-the-connection-context-manager
How to work with SQLite URIshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-work-with-sqlite-uris
How to create and use row factorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#how-to-create-and-use-row-factories
Explanationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#explanation
Transaction controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#transaction-control
Transaction control via the autocommit attributehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#transaction-control-via-the-autocommit-attribute
Transaction control via the isolation_level attributehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sqlite3.html#transaction-control-via-the-isolation-level-attribute
Data Compression and Archivinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/archiving.html
zlib — Compression compatible with gziphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zlib.html
gzip — Support for gzip fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gzip.html
Examples of usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gzip.html#examples-of-usage
Command Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gzip.html#command-line-interface
Command line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gzip.html#command-line-options
bz2 — Support for bzip2 compressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bz2.html
(De)compression of fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bz2.html#de-compression-of-files
Incremental (de)compressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bz2.html#incremental-de-compression
One-shot (de)compressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bz2.html#one-shot-de-compression
Examples of usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bz2.html#examples-of-usage
lzma — Compression using the LZMA algorithmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html
Reading and writing compressed fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html#reading-and-writing-compressed-files
Compressing and decompressing data in memoryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html#compressing-and-decompressing-data-in-memory
Miscellaneoushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html#miscellaneous
Specifying custom filter chainshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html#specifying-custom-filter-chains
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/lzma.html#examples
zipfile — Work with ZIP archiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html
ZipFile Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#zipfile-objects
Path Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#path-objects
PyZipFile Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#pyzipfile-objects
ZipInfo Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#zipinfo-objects
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#command-line-interface
Command-line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#command-line-options
Decompression pitfallshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#decompression-pitfalls
From file itselfhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#from-file-itself
File System limitationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#file-system-limitations
Resources limitationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#resources-limitations
Interruptionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#interruption
Default behaviors of extractionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipfile.html#default-behaviors-of-extraction
tarfile — Read and write tar archive fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html
TarFile Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-objects
TarInfo Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#tarinfo-objects
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#command-line-interface
Command-line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#command-line-options
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#examples
Supported tar formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#supported-tar-formats
Unicode issueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tarfile.html#unicode-issues
File Formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/fileformats.html
csv — CSV File Reading and Writinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html
Module Contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html#module-contents
Dialects and Formatting Parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html#dialects-and-formatting-parameters
Reader Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html#reader-objects
Writer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html#writer-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/csv.html#examples
configparser — Configuration file parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html
Quick Starthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#quick-start
Supported Datatypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#supported-datatypes
Fallback Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#fallback-values
Supported INI File Structurehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#supported-ini-file-structure
Interpolation of valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#interpolation-of-values
Mapping Protocol Accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#mapping-protocol-access
Customizing Parser Behaviourhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#customizing-parser-behaviour
Legacy API Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#legacy-api-examples
ConfigParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#configparser-objects
RawConfigParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#rawconfigparser-objects
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/configparser.html#exceptions
tomllib — Parse TOML fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tomllib.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tomllib.html#examples
Conversion Tablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tomllib.html#conversion-table
netrc — netrc file processinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/netrc.html
netrc Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/netrc.html#netrc-objects
plistlib — Generate and parse Apple .plist fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/plistlib.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/plistlib.html#examples
Cryptographic Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypto.html
hashlib — Secure hashes and message digestshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html
Hash algorithmshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#hash-algorithms
SHAKE variable length digestshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#shake-variable-length-digests
File hashinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#file-hashing
Key derivationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#key-derivation
BLAKE2https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#blake2
Creating hash objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#creating-hash-objects
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#constants
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#examples
Simple hashinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#simple-hashing
Using different digest sizeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#using-different-digest-sizes
Keyed hashinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#keyed-hashing
Randomized hashinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#randomized-hashing
Personalizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#personalization
Tree modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#tree-mode
Creditshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hashlib.html#credits
hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authenticationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/hmac.html
secrets — Generate secure random numbers for managing secretshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html
Random numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html#random-numbers
Generating tokenshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html#generating-tokens
How many bytes should tokens use?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html#how-many-bytes-should-tokens-use
Other functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html#other-functions
Recipes and best practiceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/secrets.html#recipes-and-best-practices
Generic Operating System Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/allos.html
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html
File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables
Python UTF-8 Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#python-utf-8-mode
Process Parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#process-parameters
File Object Creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#file-object-creation
File Descriptor Operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#file-descriptor-operations
Querying the size of a terminalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
Inheritance of File Descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#inheritance-of-file-descriptors
Files and Directorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#files-and-directories
Linux extended attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#linux-extended-attributes
Process Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#process-management
Interface to the schedulerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#interface-to-the-scheduler
Miscellaneous System Informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#miscellaneous-system-information
Random numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/os.html#random-numbers
io — Core tools for working with streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html
Overviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#overview
Text I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#text-i-o
Binary I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#binary-i-o
Raw I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#raw-i-o
Text Encodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#text-encoding
Opt-in EncodingWarninghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#opt-in-encodingwarning
High-level Module Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#high-level-module-interface
Class hierarchyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#class-hierarchy
I/O Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#i-o-base-classes
Raw File I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#raw-file-i-o
Buffered Streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#buffered-streams
Text I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#id1
Performancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#performance
Binary I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#id2
Text I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#id3
Multi-threadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#multi-threading
Reentrancyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/io.html#reentrancy
time — Time access and conversionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/time.html
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/time.html#functions
Clock ID Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/time.html#clock-id-constants
Timezone Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/time.html#timezone-constants
argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commandshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html
Core Functionalityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#core-functionality
Quick Links for add_argument()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#quick-links-for-add-argument
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#example
Creating a parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#creating-a-parser
Adding argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#adding-arguments
Parsing argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#parsing-arguments
ArgumentParser objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#argumentparser-objects
proghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#prog
usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#usage
descriptionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#description
epiloghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#epilog
parentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#parents
formatter_classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#formatter-class
prefix_charshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#prefix-chars
fromfile_prefix_charshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#fromfile-prefix-chars
argument_defaulthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#argument-default
allow_abbrevhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#allow-abbrev
conflict_handlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#conflict-handler
add_helphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#add-help
exit_on_errorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#exit-on-error
The add_argument() methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#the-add-argument-method
name or flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#name-or-flags
actionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#action
nargshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#nargs
consthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#const
defaulthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#default
typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#type
choiceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#choices
requiredhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#required
helphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#help
metavarhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#metavar
desthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#dest
Action classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#action-classes
The parse_args() methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#the-parse-args-method
Option value syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#option-value-syntax
Invalid argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#invalid-arguments
Arguments containing -https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#arguments-containing
Argument abbreviations (prefix matching)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#argument-abbreviations-prefix-matching
Beyond sys.argvhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#beyond-sys-argv
The Namespace objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#the-namespace-object
Other utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#other-utilities
Sub-commandshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#sub-commands
FileType objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#filetype-objects
Argument groupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#argument-groups
Mutual exclusionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#mutual-exclusion
Parser defaultshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#parser-defaults
Printing helphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#printing-help
Partial parsinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#partial-parsing
Customizing file parsinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#customizing-file-parsing
Exiting methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#exiting-methods
Intermixed parsinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#intermixed-parsing
Upgrading optparse codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code
getopt — C-style parser for command line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/getopt.html
logging — Logging facility for Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html
Logger Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#logger-objects
Logging Levelshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#logging-levels
Handler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#handler-objects
Formatter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#formatter-objects
Filter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#filter-objects
LogRecord Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#logrecord-objects
LogRecord attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes
LoggerAdapter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#loggeradapter-objects
Thread Safetyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#thread-safety
Module-Level Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#module-level-functions
Module-Level Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#module-level-attributes
Integration with the warnings modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.html#integration-with-the-warnings-module
logging.config — Logging configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html
Configuration functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#configuration-functions
Security considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#security-considerations
Configuration dictionary schemahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#configuration-dictionary-schema
Dictionary Schema Detailshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#dictionary-schema-details
Incremental Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#incremental-configuration
Object connectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#object-connections
User-defined objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#user-defined-objects
Handler configuration orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#handler-configuration-order
Access to external objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#access-to-external-objects
Access to internal objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#access-to-internal-objects
Import resolution and custom importershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#import-resolution-and-custom-importers
Configuring QueueHandler and QueueListenerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#configuring-queuehandler-and-queuelistener
Configuration file formathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.config.html#configuration-file-format
logging.handlers — Logging handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html
StreamHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#streamhandler
FileHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#filehandler
NullHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#nullhandler
WatchedFileHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#watchedfilehandler
BaseRotatingHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#baserotatinghandler
RotatingFileHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#rotatingfilehandler
TimedRotatingFileHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#timedrotatingfilehandler
SocketHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#sockethandler
DatagramHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#datagramhandler
SysLogHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#sysloghandler
NTEventLogHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#nteventloghandler
SMTPHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#smtphandler
MemoryHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#memoryhandler
HTTPHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#httphandler
QueueHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#queuehandler
QueueListenerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/logging.handlers.html#queuelistener
getpass — Portable password inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/getpass.html
curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html#functions
Window Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html#window-objects
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html#constants
curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad
Textbox objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.html#textbox-objects
curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII charactershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.ascii.html
curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.panel.html
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.panel.html#functions
Panel Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/curses.panel.html#panel-objects
platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html
Cross Platformhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#cross-platform
Java Platformhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#java-platform
Windows Platformhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#windows-platform
macOS Platformhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#macos-platform
Unix Platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#unix-platforms
Linux Platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/platform.html#linux-platforms
errno — Standard errno system symbolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/errno.html
ctypes — A foreign function library for Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html
ctypes tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#ctypes-tutorial
Loading dynamic link librarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#loading-dynamic-link-libraries
Accessing functions from loaded dllshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#accessing-functions-from-loaded-dlls
Calling functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#calling-functions
Fundamental data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#fundamental-data-types
Calling functions, continuedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#calling-functions-continued
Calling varadic functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#calling-varadic-functions
Calling functions with your own custom data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#calling-functions-with-your-own-custom-data-types
Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#specifying-the-required-argument-types-function-prototypes
Return typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#return-types
Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#passing-pointers-or-passing-parameters-by-reference
Structures and unionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#structures-and-unions
Structure/union alignment and byte orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#structure-union-alignment-and-byte-order
Bit fields in structures and unionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#bit-fields-in-structures-and-unions
Arrayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#arrays
Pointershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#pointers
Type conversionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#type-conversions
Incomplete Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#incomplete-types
Callback functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#callback-functions
Accessing values exported from dllshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#accessing-values-exported-from-dlls
Surpriseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#surprises
Variable-sized data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#variable-sized-data-types
ctypes referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#ctypes-reference
Finding shared librarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#finding-shared-libraries
Loading shared librarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#loading-shared-libraries
Foreign functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#foreign-functions
Function prototypeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#function-prototypes
Utility functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#utility-functions
Data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#data-types
Fundamental data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#ctypes-fundamental-data-types-2
Structured data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#structured-data-types
Arrays and pointershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ctypes.html#arrays-and-pointers
Concurrent Executionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrency.html
threading — Thread-based parallelismhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html
Thread-Local Datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#thread-local-data
Thread Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#thread-objects
Lock Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#lock-objects
RLock Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#rlock-objects
Condition Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#condition-objects
Semaphore Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#semaphore-objects
Semaphore Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#semaphore-example
Event Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#event-objects
Timer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#timer-objects
Barrier Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#barrier-objects
Using locks, conditions, and semaphores in the with statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/threading.html#using-locks-conditions-and-semaphores-in-the-with-statement
multiprocessing — Process-based parallelismhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#introduction
The Process classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#the-process-class
Contexts and start methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods
Exchanging objects between processeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#exchanging-objects-between-processes
Synchronization between processeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#synchronization-between-processes
Sharing state between processeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#sharing-state-between-processes
Using a pool of workershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#using-a-pool-of-workers
Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#reference
Process and exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#process-and-exceptions
Pipes and Queueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#pipes-and-queues
Miscellaneoushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#miscellaneous
Connection Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#connection-objects
Synchronization primitiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#synchronization-primitives
Shared ctypes Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#shared-ctypes-objects
The multiprocessing.sharedctypes modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.sharedctypes
Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#managers
Customized managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#customized-managers
Using a remote managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#using-a-remote-manager
Proxy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#proxy-objects
Cleanuphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#cleanup
Process Poolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool
Listeners and Clientshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.connection
Address Formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#address-formats
Authentication keyshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#authentication-keys
Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#logging
The multiprocessing.dummy modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.dummy
Programming guidelineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#programming-guidelines
All start methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#all-start-methods
The spawn and forkserver start methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#the-spawn-and-forkserver-start-methods
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.html#examples
multiprocessing.shared_memory — Shared memory for direct access across processeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/multiprocessing.shared_memory.html
The concurrent packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.html
concurrent.futures — Launching parallel taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html
Executor Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#executor-objects
ThreadPoolExecutorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor
ThreadPoolExecutor Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor-example
ProcessPoolExecutorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor
ProcessPoolExecutor Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor-example
Future Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#future-objects
Module Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#module-functions
Exception classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/concurrent.futures.html#exception-classes
subprocess — Subprocess managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html
Using the subprocess Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#using-the-subprocess-module
Frequently Used Argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#frequently-used-arguments
Popen Constructorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#exceptions
Security Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#security-considerations
Popen Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#popen-objects
Windows Popen Helpershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#windows-popen-helpers
Windows Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#windows-constants
Older high-level APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#older-high-level-api
Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-older-functions-with-the-subprocess-module
Replacing /bin/sh shell command substitutionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-bin-sh-shell-command-substitution
Replacing shell pipelinehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-shell-pipeline
Replacing os.system()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-os-system
Replacing the os.spawn familyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-the-os-spawn-family
Replacing os.popen(), os.popen2(), os.popen3()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-os-popen-os-popen2-os-popen3
Replacing functions from the popen2 modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#replacing-functions-from-the-popen2-module
Legacy Shell Invocation Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#legacy-shell-invocation-functions
Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#notes
Converting an argument sequence to a string on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#converting-an-argument-sequence-to-a-string-on-windows
Disabling use of vfork() or posix_spawn()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/subprocess.html#disabling-use-of-vfork-or-posix-spawn
sched — Event schedulerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sched.html
Scheduler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sched.html#scheduler-objects
queue — A synchronized queue classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/queue.html
Queue Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/queue.html#queue-objects
SimpleQueue Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/queue.html#simplequeue-objects
contextvars — Context Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextvars.html
Context Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextvars.html#context-variables
Manual Context Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextvars.html#manual-context-management
asyncio supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextvars.html#asyncio-support
_thread — Low-level threading APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/_thread.html
Networking and Interprocess Communicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipc.html
asyncio — Asynchronous I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio.html
Runnershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-runner.html
Running an asyncio Programhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-runner.html#running-an-asyncio-program
Runner context managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-runner.html#runner-context-manager
Handling Keyboard Interruptionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-runner.html#handling-keyboard-interruption
Coroutines and Taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html
Coroutineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutines
Awaitableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#awaitables
Creating Taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#creating-tasks
Task Cancellationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#task-cancellation
Task Groupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#task-groups
Sleepinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#sleeping
Running Tasks Concurrentlyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#running-tasks-concurrently
Shielding From Cancellationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#shielding-from-cancellation
Timeoutshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#timeouts
Waiting Primitiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#waiting-primitives
Running in Threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#running-in-threads
Scheduling From Other Threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#scheduling-from-other-threads
Introspectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#introspection
Task Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-task.html#task-object
Streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html
StreamReaderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#streamreader
StreamWriterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#streamwriter
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#examples
TCP echo client using streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-client-using-streams
TCP echo server using streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-server-using-streams
Get HTTP headershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#get-http-headers
Register an open socket to wait for data using streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-stream.html#register-an-open-socket-to-wait-for-data-using-streams
Synchronization Primitiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html
Lockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#lock
Eventhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#event
Conditionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#condition
Semaphorehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#semaphore
BoundedSemaphorehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#boundedsemaphore
Barrierhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-sync.html#barrier
Subprocesseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html
Creating Subprocesseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html#creating-subprocesses
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html#constants
Interacting with Subprocesseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html#interacting-with-subprocesses
Subprocess and Threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-and-threads
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-subprocess.html#examples
Queueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html
Queuehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html#queue
Priority Queuehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html#priority-queue
LIFO Queuehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html#lifo-queue
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html#exceptions
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-queue.html#examples
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-exceptions.html
Event Loophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html
Event Loop Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#event-loop-methods
Running and stopping the loophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#running-and-stopping-the-loop
Scheduling callbackshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#scheduling-callbacks
Scheduling delayed callbackshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#scheduling-delayed-callbacks
Creating Futures and Taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-futures-and-tasks
Opening network connectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#opening-network-connections
Creating network servershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-network-servers
Transferring fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#transferring-files
TLS Upgradehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#tls-upgrade
Watching file descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#watching-file-descriptors
Working with socket objects directlyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#working-with-socket-objects-directly
DNShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#dns
Working with pipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#working-with-pipes
Unix signalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#unix-signals
Executing code in thread or process poolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#executing-code-in-thread-or-process-pools
Error Handling APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#error-handling-api
Enabling debug modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#enabling-debug-mode
Running Subprocesseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#running-subprocesses
Callback Handleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#callback-handles
Server Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#server-objects
Event Loop Implementationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#event-loop-implementations
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#examples
Hello World with call_soon()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#hello-world-with-call-soon
Display the current date with call_later()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#display-the-current-date-with-call-later
Watch a file descriptor for read eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#watch-a-file-descriptor-for-read-events
Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERMhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-eventloop.html#set-signal-handlers-for-sigint-and-sigterm
Futureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-future.html
Future Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-future.html#future-functions
Future Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-future.html#future-object
Transports and Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html
Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#transports
Transports Hierarchyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#transports-hierarchy
Base Transporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-transport
Read-only Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#read-only-transports
Write-only Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#write-only-transports
Datagram Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#datagram-transports
Subprocess Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#subprocess-transports
Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#protocols
Base Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-protocols
Base Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-protocol
Streaming Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#streaming-protocols
Buffered Streaming Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#buffered-streaming-protocols
Datagram Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#datagram-protocols
Subprocess Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#subprocess-protocols
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#examples
TCP Echo Serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-server
TCP Echo Clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-client
UDP Echo Serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-server
UDP Echo Clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-client
Connecting Existing Socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#connecting-existing-sockets
loop.subprocess_exec() and SubprocessProtocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-protocol.html#loop-subprocess-exec-and-subprocessprotocol
Policieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-policy.html
Getting and Setting the Policyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-policy.html#getting-and-setting-the-policy
Policy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-policy.html#policy-objects
Process Watchershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-policy.html#process-watchers
Custom Policieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-policy.html#custom-policies
Platform Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-platforms.html
All Platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-platforms.html#all-platforms
Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-platforms.html#windows
Subprocess Support on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-platforms.html#subprocess-support-on-windows
macOShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-platforms.html#macos
Extendinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-extending.html
Writing a Custom Event Loophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-extending.html#writing-a-custom-event-loop
Future and Task private constructorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-extending.html#future-and-task-private-constructors
Task lifetime supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-extending.html#task-lifetime-support
High-level API Indexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html
Taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#tasks
Queueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#queues
Subprocesseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#subprocesses
Streamshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#streams
Synchronizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#synchronization
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-api-index.html#exceptions
Low-level API Indexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html
Obtaining the Event Loophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#obtaining-the-event-loop
Event Loop Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#event-loop-methods
Transportshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#transports
Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#protocols
Event Loop Policieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#event-loop-policies
Developing with asynciohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html
Debug Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#debug-mode
Concurrency and Multithreadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#concurrency-and-multithreading
Running Blocking Codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#running-blocking-code
Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#logging
Detect never-awaited coroutineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#detect-never-awaited-coroutines
Detect never-retrieved exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/asyncio-dev.html#detect-never-retrieved-exceptions
socket — Low-level networking interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html
Socket familieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#socket-families
Module contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#module-contents
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#exceptions
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#constants
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#functions
Creating socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#creating-sockets
Other functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#other-functions
Socket Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#socket-objects
Notes on socket timeoutshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#notes-on-socket-timeouts
Timeouts and the connect methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#timeouts-and-the-connect-method
Timeouts and the accept methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#timeouts-and-the-accept-method
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socket.html#example
ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html
Functions, Constants, and Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#functions-constants-and-exceptions
Socket creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#socket-creation
Context creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#context-creation
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#exceptions
Random generationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#random-generation
Certificate handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#certificate-handling
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#constants
SSL Socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#ssl-sockets
SSL Contextshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#ssl-contexts
Certificateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#certificates
Certificate chainshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#certificate-chains
CA certificateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#ca-certificates
Combined key and certificatehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#combined-key-and-certificate
Self-signed certificateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#self-signed-certificates
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#examples
Testing for SSL supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#testing-for-ssl-support
Client-side operationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#client-side-operation
Server-side operationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#server-side-operation
Notes on non-blocking socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#notes-on-non-blocking-sockets
Memory BIO Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#memory-bio-support
SSL sessionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#ssl-session
Security considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#security-considerations
Best defaultshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#best-defaults
Manual settingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#manual-settings
Verifying certificateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#verifying-certificates
Protocol versionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#protocol-versions
Cipher selectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#cipher-selection
Multi-processinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#multi-processing
TLS 1.3https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ssl.html#tls-1-3
select — Waiting for I/O completionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html
/dev/poll Polling Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html#dev-poll-polling-objects
Edge and Level Trigger Polling (epoll) Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html#edge-and-level-trigger-polling-epoll-objects
Polling Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html#polling-objects
Kqueue Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html#kqueue-objects
Kevent Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/select.html#kevent-objects
selectors — High-level I/O multiplexinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/selectors.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/selectors.html#introduction
Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/selectors.html#classes
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/selectors.html#examples
signal — Set handlers for asynchronous eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html
General ruleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#general-rules
Execution of Python signal handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#execution-of-python-signal-handlers
Signals and threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#signals-and-threads
Module contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#module-contents
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#examples
Note on SIGPIPEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#note-on-sigpipe
Note on Signal Handlers and Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/signal.html#note-on-signal-handlers-and-exceptions
mmap — Memory-mapped file supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mmap.html
MADV_* Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mmap.html#madv-constants
MAP_* Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mmap.html#map-constants
Internet Data Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/netdata.html
email — An email and MIME handling packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.html
email.message: Representing an email messagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.message.html
email.parser: Parsing email messageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.parser.html
FeedParser APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.parser.html#feedparser-api
Parser APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.parser.html#parser-api
Additional noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.parser.html#additional-notes
email.generator: Generating MIME documentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.generator.html
email.policy: Policy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.policy.html
email.errors: Exception and Defect classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.errors.html
email.headerregistry: Custom Header Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.headerregistry.html
email.contentmanager: Managing MIME Contenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.contentmanager.html
Content Manager Instanceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.contentmanager.html#content-manager-instances
email: Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.examples.html
email.message.Message: Representing an email message using the compat32 APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.compat32-message.html
email.mime: Creating email and MIME objects from scratchhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.mime.html
email.header: Internationalized headershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.header.html
email.charset: Representing character setshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.charset.html
email.encoders: Encodershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.encoders.html
email.utils: Miscellaneous utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.utils.html
email.iterators: Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/email.iterators.html
json — JSON encoder and decoderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html
Basic Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#basic-usage
Encoders and Decodershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#encoders-and-decoders
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#exceptions
Standard Compliance and Interoperabilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#standard-compliance-and-interoperability
Character Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#character-encodings
Infinite and NaN Number Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#infinite-and-nan-number-values
Repeated Names Within an Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#repeated-names-within-an-object
Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#top-level-non-object-non-array-values
Implementation Limitationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#implementation-limitations
Command Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#module-json.tool
Command line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/json.html#command-line-options
mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html
Mailbox objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mailbox-objects
Maildirhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#maildir
mboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mbox
MHhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mh
Babylhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#babyl
MMDFhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mmdf
Message objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#message-objects
MaildirMessagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#maildirmessage
mboxMessagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mboxmessage
MHMessagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mhmessage
BabylMessagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#babylmessage
MMDFMessagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#mmdfmessage
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#exceptions
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailbox.html#examples
mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mimetypes.html
MimeTypes Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mimetypes.html#mimetypes-objects
base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/base64.html
Security Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/base64.html#security-considerations
binascii — Convert between binary and ASCIIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/binascii.html
quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/quopri.html
Structured Markup Processing Toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/markup.html
html — HyperText Markup Language supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.html
html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.parser.html
Example HTML Parser Applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.parser.html#example-html-parser-application
HTMLParser Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.parser.html#htmlparser-methods
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.parser.html#examples
html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/html.entities.html
XML Processing Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.html
XML vulnerabilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities
The defusedxml Packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.html#the-defusedxml-package
xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html
Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#tutorial
XML tree and elementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml-tree-and-elements
Parsing XMLhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml
Pull API for non-blocking parsinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#pull-api-for-non-blocking-parsing
Finding interesting elementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#finding-interesting-elements
Modifying an XML Filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#modifying-an-xml-file
Building XML documentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#building-xml-documents
Parsing XML with Namespaceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml-with-namespaces
XPath supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xpath-support
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#example
Supported XPath syntaxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#supported-xpath-syntax
Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#reference
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#functions
XInclude supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xinclude-support
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#id3
Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#id4
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#elementinclude-functions
Element Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#element-objects
ElementTree Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#elementtree-objects
QName Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#qname-objects
TreeBuilder Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#treebuilder-objects
XMLParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xmlparser-objects
XMLPullParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xmlpullparser-objects
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#exceptions
xml.dom — The Document Object Model APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html
Module Contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#module-contents
Objects in the DOMhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#objects-in-the-dom
DOMImplementation Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#domimplementation-objects
Node Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#node-objects
NodeList Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#nodelist-objects
DocumentType Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#documenttype-objects
Document Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#document-objects
Element Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#element-objects
Attr Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#attr-objects
NamedNodeMap Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#namednodemap-objects
Comment Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#comment-objects
Text and CDATASection Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#text-and-cdatasection-objects
ProcessingInstruction Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#processinginstruction-objects
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#exceptions
Conformancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#conformance
Type Mappinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#type-mapping
Accessor Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.html#accessor-methods
xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.minidom.html
DOM Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-objects
DOM Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-example
minidom and the DOM standardhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.minidom.html#minidom-and-the-dom-standard
xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM treeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.pulldom.html
DOMEventStream Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.dom.pulldom.html#domeventstream-objects
xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.html
SAXException Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.html#saxexception-objects
xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html
ContentHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html#contenthandler-objects
DTDHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html#dtdhandler-objects
EntityResolver Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html#entityresolver-objects
ErrorHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html#errorhandler-objects
LexicalHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.handler.html#lexicalhandler-objects
xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.utils.html
xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html
XMLReader Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#xmlreader-objects
IncrementalParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#incrementalparser-objects
Locator Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#locator-objects
InputSource Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#inputsource-objects
The Attributes Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributes-interface
The AttributesNS Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributesns-interface
xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html
XMLParser Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html#xmlparser-objects
ExpatError Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html#expaterror-exceptions
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html#example
Content Model Descriptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.model
Expat error constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.errors
Internet Protocols and Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/internet.html
webbrowser — Convenient web-browser controllerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/webbrowser.html
Browser Controller Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/webbrowser.html#browser-controller-objects
wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html
wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.util
wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.headers
wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.simple_server
wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checkerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.validate
wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.handlers
wsgiref.types – WSGI types for static type checkinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.types
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wsgiref.html#examples
urllib — URL handling moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.html
urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html
Request Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#request-objects
OpenerDirector Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#openerdirector-objects
BaseHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#basehandler-objects
HTTPRedirectHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httpredirecthandler-objects
HTTPCookieProcessor Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httpcookieprocessor-objects
ProxyHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#proxyhandler-objects
HTTPPasswordMgr Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httppasswordmgr-objects
HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httppasswordmgrwithpriorauth-objects
AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#abstractbasicauthhandler-objects
HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httpbasicauthhandler-objects
ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#proxybasicauthhandler-objects
AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#abstractdigestauthhandler-objects
HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httpdigestauthhandler-objects
ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#proxydigestauthhandler-objects
HTTPHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httphandler-objects
HTTPSHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httpshandler-objects
FileHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#filehandler-objects
DataHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#datahandler-objects
FTPHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#ftphandler-objects
CacheFTPHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#cacheftphandler-objects
UnknownHandler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#unknownhandler-objects
HTTPErrorProcessor Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#httperrorprocessor-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#examples
Legacy interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#legacy-interface
urllib.request Restrictionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#urllib-request-restrictions
urllib.response — Response classes used by urllibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.response
urllib.parse — Parse URLs into componentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.parse.html
URL Parsinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.parse.html#url-parsing
Parsing ASCII Encoded Byteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.parse.html#parsing-ascii-encoded-bytes
Structured Parse Resultshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.parse.html#structured-parse-results
URL Quotinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.parse.html#url-quoting
urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.requesthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.error.html
urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/urllib.robotparser.html
http — HTTP moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.html
HTTP status codeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.html#http-status-codes
HTTP status categoryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.html#http-status-category
HTTP methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.html#http-methods
http.client — HTTP protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.client.html
HTTPConnection Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.client.html#httpconnection-objects
HTTPResponse Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.client.html#httpresponse-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.client.html#examples
HTTPMessage Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.client.html#httpmessage-objects
ftplib — FTP protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ftplib.html
FTP Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ftplib.html#ftp-objects
FTP_TLS Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ftplib.html#ftp-tls-objects
poplib — POP3 protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/poplib.html
POP3 Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/poplib.html#pop3-objects
POP3 Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/poplib.html#pop3-example
imaplib — IMAP4 protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imaplib.html
IMAP4 Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imaplib.html#imap4-objects
IMAP4 Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imaplib.html#imap4-example
smtplib — SMTP protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/smtplib.html
SMTP Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/smtplib.html#smtp-objects
SMTP Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/smtplib.html#smtp-example
uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/uuid.html
Command-Line Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/uuid.html#command-line-usage
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/uuid.html#example
Command-Line Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/uuid.html#command-line-example
socketserver — A framework for network servershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html
Server Creation Noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#server-creation-notes
Server Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#server-objects
Request Handler Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#request-handler-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#examples
socketserver.TCPServer Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#socketserver-tcpserver-example
socketserver.UDPServer Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#socketserver-udpserver-example
Asynchronous Mixinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/socketserver.html#asynchronous-mixins
http.server — HTTP servershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.server.html
Security Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.server.html#security-considerations
http.cookies — HTTP state managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookies.html
Cookie Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookies.html#cookie-objects
Morsel Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookies.html#morsel-objects
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookies.html#example
http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clientshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html
CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#cookiejar-and-filecookiejar-objects
FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#filecookiejar-subclasses-and-co-operation-with-web-browsers
CookiePolicy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#cookiepolicy-objects
DefaultCookiePolicy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#defaultcookiepolicy-objects
Cookie Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#cookie-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/http.cookiejar.html#examples
xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.html
xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html
ServerProxy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#serverproxy-objects
DateTime Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#datetime-objects
Binary Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#binary-objects
Fault Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#fault-objects
ProtocolError Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#protocolerror-objects
MultiCall Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#multicall-objects
Convenience Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#convenience-functions
Example of Client Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#example-of-client-usage
Example of Client and Server Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.client.html#example-of-client-and-server-usage
xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html
SimpleXMLRPCServer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#simplexmlrpcserver-objects
SimpleXMLRPCServer Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#simplexmlrpcserver-example
CGIXMLRPCRequestHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#cgixmlrpcrequesthandler
Documenting XMLRPC serverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#documenting-xmlrpc-server
DocXMLRPCServer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#docxmlrpcserver-objects
DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xmlrpc.server.html#doccgixmlrpcrequesthandler
ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html
Convenience factory functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#convenience-factory-functions
IP Addresseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#ip-addresses
Address objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#address-objects
Conversion to Strings and Integershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#conversion-to-strings-and-integers
Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#operators
Comparison operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#comparison-operators
Arithmetic operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#arithmetic-operators
IP Network definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#ip-network-definitions
Prefix, net mask and host maskhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#prefix-net-mask-and-host-mask
Network objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#network-objects
Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#id1
Logical operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#logical-operators
Iterationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#iteration
Networks as containers of addresseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#networks-as-containers-of-addresses
Interface objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#interface-objects
Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#id2
Logical operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#id3
Other Module Level Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#other-module-level-functions
Custom Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ipaddress.html#custom-exceptions
Multimedia Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mm.html
wave — Read and write WAV fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wave.html
Wave_read Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wave.html#wave-read-objects
Wave_write Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/wave.html#wave-write-objects
colorsys — Conversions between color systemshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/colorsys.html
Internationalizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/i18n.html
gettext — Multilingual internationalization serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html
GNU gettext APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#gnu-gettext-api
Class-based APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#class-based-api
The NullTranslations classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#the-nulltranslations-class
The GNUTranslations classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#the-gnutranslations-class
Solaris message catalog supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#solaris-message-catalog-support
The Catalog constructorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#the-catalog-constructor
Internationalizing your programs and moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules
Localizing your modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#localizing-your-module
Localizing your applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#localizing-your-application
Changing languages on the flyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#changing-languages-on-the-fly
Deferred translationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#deferred-translations
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gettext.html#acknowledgements
locale — Internationalization serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/locale.html
Background, details, hints, tips and caveatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/locale.html#background-details-hints-tips-and-caveats
For extension writers and programs that embed Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/locale.html#for-extension-writers-and-programs-that-embed-python
Access to message catalogshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/locale.html#access-to-message-catalogs
Program Frameworkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/frameworks.html
turtle — Turtle graphicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#introduction
Overview of available Turtle and Screen methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#overview-of-available-turtle-and-screen-methods
Turtle methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#turtle-methods
Methods of TurtleScreen/Screenhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen
Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#methods-of-rawturtle-turtle-and-corresponding-functions
Turtle motionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#turtle-motion
Tell Turtle’s statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#tell-turtle-s-state
Settings for measurementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#settings-for-measurement
Pen controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#pen-control
Drawing statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#drawing-state
Color controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#color-control
Fillinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#filling
More drawing controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#more-drawing-control
Turtle statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#turtle-state
Visibilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#visibility
Appearancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#appearance
Using eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#using-events
Special Turtle methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#special-turtle-methods
Compound shapeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#compound-shapes
Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen-and-corresponding-functions
Window controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#window-control
Animation controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#animation-control
Using screen eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#using-screen-events
Input methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#input-methods
Settings and special methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#settings-and-special-methods
Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreenhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#methods-specific-to-screen-not-inherited-from-turtlescreen
Public classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#public-classes
Help and configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#help-and-configuration
How to use helphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#how-to-use-help
Translation of docstrings into different languageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#translation-of-docstrings-into-different-languages
How to configure Screen and Turtleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#how-to-configure-screen-and-turtles
turtledemo — Demo scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#module-turtledemo
Changes since Python 2.6https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#changes-since-python-2-6
Changes since Python 3.0https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/turtle.html#changes-since-python-3-0
cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpretershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmd.html
Cmd Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmd.html#cmd-objects
Cmd Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cmd.html#cmd-example
shlex — Simple lexical analysishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shlex.html
shlex Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shlex.html#shlex-objects
Parsing Ruleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shlex.html#parsing-rules
Improved Compatibility with Shellshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/shlex.html#improved-compatibility-with-shells
Graphical User Interfaces with Tkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tk.html
tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html
Architecturehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#architecture
Tkinter Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#tkinter-modules
Tkinter Life Preserverhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#tkinter-life-preserver
A Hello World Programhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#a-hello-world-program
Important Tk Conceptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#important-tk-concepts
Understanding How Tkinter Wraps Tcl/Tkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#understanding-how-tkinter-wraps-tcl-tk
How do I…? What option does…?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#how-do-i-what-option-does
Navigating the Tcl/Tk Reference Manualhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#navigating-the-tcl-tk-reference-manual
Threading modelhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#threading-model
Handy Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#handy-reference
Setting Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#setting-options
The Packerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#the-packer
Packer Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#packer-options
Coupling Widget Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#coupling-widget-variables
The Window Managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#the-window-manager
Tk Option Data Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#tk-option-data-types
Bindings and Eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#bindings-and-events
The index Parameterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#the-index-parameter
Imageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#images
File Handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.html#file-handlers
tkinter.colorchooser — Color choosing dialoghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.colorchooser.html
tkinter.font — Tkinter font wrapperhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.font.html
Tkinter Dialogshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dialog.html
tkinter.simpledialog — Standard Tkinter input dialogshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.simpledialog
tkinter.filedialog — File selection dialogshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.filedialog
Native Load/Save Dialogshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dialog.html#native-load-save-dialogs
tkinter.commondialog — Dialog window templateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dialog.html#module-tkinter.commondialog
tkinter.messagebox — Tkinter message promptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.messagebox.html
tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widgethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.scrolledtext.html
tkinter.dnd — Drag and drop supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.dnd.html
tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html
Using Ttkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#using-ttk
Ttk Widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widgets
Widgethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#widget
Standard Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#standard-options
Scrollable Widget Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#scrollable-widget-options
Label Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#label-options
Compatibility Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#compatibility-options
Widget Stateshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#widget-states
ttk.Widgethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widget
Comboboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#combobox
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#options
Virtual eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#virtual-events
ttk.Comboboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-combobox
Spinboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#spinbox
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id1
Virtual eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id2
ttk.Spinboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-spinbox
Notebookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#notebook
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id3
Tab Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#tab-options
Tab Identifiershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#tab-identifiers
Virtual Eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id4
ttk.Notebookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-notebook
Progressbarhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#progressbar
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id5
ttk.Progressbarhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-progressbar
Separatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#separator
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id6
Sizegriphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#sizegrip
Platform-specific noteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#platform-specific-notes
Bugshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#bugs
Treeviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#treeview
Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id7
Item Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#item-options
Tag Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#tag-options
Column Identifiershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#column-identifiers
Virtual Eventshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#id8
ttk.Treeviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-treeview
Ttk Stylinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-styling
Layoutshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.ttk.html#layouts
tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html
Using Tixhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#using-tix
Tix Widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#tix-widgets
Basic Widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#basic-widgets
File Selectorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#file-selectors
Hierarchical ListBoxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#hierarchical-listbox
Tabular ListBoxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#tabular-listbox
Manager Widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#manager-widgets
Image Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#image-types
Miscellaneous Widgetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#miscellaneous-widgets
Form Geometry Managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#form-geometry-manager
Tix Commandshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tkinter.tix.html#tix-commands
IDLEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html
Menushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#menus
File menu (Shell and Editor)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#file-menu-shell-and-editor
Edit menu (Shell and Editor)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#edit-menu-shell-and-editor
Format menu (Editor window only)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#format-menu-editor-window-only
Run menu (Editor window only)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#run-menu-editor-window-only
Shell menu (Shell window only)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#shell-menu-shell-window-only
Debug menu (Shell window only)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#debug-menu-shell-window-only
Options menu (Shell and Editor)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#options-menu-shell-and-editor
Window menu (Shell and Editor)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#window-menu-shell-and-editor
Help menu (Shell and Editor)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#help-menu-shell-and-editor
Context menushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#context-menus
Editing and Navigationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#editing-and-navigation
Editor windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#editor-windows
Key bindingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#key-bindings
Automatic indentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#automatic-indentation
Search and Replacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#search-and-replace
Completionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#completions
Calltipshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#calltips
Code Contexthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#code-context
Shell windowhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#shell-window
Text colorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#text-colors
Startup and Code Executionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#startup-and-code-execution
Command line usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#command-line-usage
Startup failurehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#startup-failure
Running user codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#running-user-code
User output in Shellhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#user-output-in-shell
Developing tkinter applicationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#developing-tkinter-applications
Running without a subprocesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#running-without-a-subprocess
Help and Preferenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#help-and-preferences
Help sourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#help-sources
Setting preferenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#setting-preferences
IDLE on macOShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#idle-on-macos
Extensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#extensions
idlelibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/idle.html#module-idlelib
Development Toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/development.html
typing — Support for type hintshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html
Relevant PEPshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#relevant-peps
Type aliaseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#type-aliases
NewTypehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#newtype
Callablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#callable
Genericshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#generics
User-defined generic typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#user-defined-generic-types
The Any typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#the-any-type
Nominal vs structural subtypinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#nominal-vs-structural-subtyping
Module contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#module-contents
Special typing primitiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#special-typing-primitives
Special typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#special-types
Special formshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#special-forms
Building generic typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#building-generic-types
Other special directiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#other-special-directives
Generic concrete collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#generic-concrete-collections
Corresponding to built-in typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#corresponding-to-built-in-types
Corresponding to types in collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#corresponding-to-types-in-collections
Other concrete typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#other-concrete-types
Abstract Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#abstract-base-classes
Corresponding to collections in collections.abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#corresponding-to-collections-in-collections-abc
Corresponding to other types in collections.abchttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#corresponding-to-other-types-in-collections-abc
Asynchronous programminghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#asynchronous-programming
Context manager typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#context-manager-types
Protocolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#protocols
Functions and decoratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#functions-and-decorators
Introspection helpershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#introspection-helpers
Constanthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#constant
Deprecation Timeline of Major Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/typing.html#deprecation-timeline-of-major-features
pydoc — Documentation generator and online help systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pydoc.html
Python Development Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/devmode.html
Effects of the Python Development Modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/devmode.html#effects-of-the-python-development-mode
ResourceWarning Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/devmode.html#resourcewarning-example
Bad file descriptor error examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/devmode.html#bad-file-descriptor-error-example
doctest — Test interactive Python exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html
Simple Usage: Checking Examples in Docstringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#simple-usage-checking-examples-in-docstrings
Simple Usage: Checking Examples in a Text Filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#simple-usage-checking-examples-in-a-text-file
How It Workshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#how-it-works
Which Docstrings Are Examined?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#which-docstrings-are-examined
How are Docstring Examples Recognized?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#how-are-docstring-examples-recognized
What’s the Execution Context?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#what-s-the-execution-context
What About Exceptions?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#what-about-exceptions
Option Flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#option-flags
Directiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#directives
Warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#warnings
Basic APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#basic-api
Unittest APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#unittest-api
Advanced APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#advanced-api
DocTest Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#doctest-objects
Example Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#example-objects
DocTestFinder objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#doctestfinder-objects
DocTestParser objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#doctestparser-objects
DocTestRunner objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#doctestrunner-objects
OutputChecker objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#outputchecker-objects
Debugginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#debugging
Soapboxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/doctest.html#soapbox
unittest — Unit testing frameworkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html
Basic examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#basic-example
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#command-line-interface
Command-line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#command-line-options
Test Discoveryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#test-discovery
Organizing test codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#organizing-test-code
Re-using old test codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#re-using-old-test-code
Skipping tests and expected failureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#skipping-tests-and-expected-failures
Distinguishing test iterations using subtestshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#distinguishing-test-iterations-using-subtests
Classes and functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#classes-and-functions
Test caseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#test-cases
Grouping testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#grouping-tests
Loading and running testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#loading-and-running-tests
load_tests Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#load-tests-protocol
Class and Module Fixtureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#class-and-module-fixtures
setUpClass and tearDownClasshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#setupclass-and-teardownclass
setUpModule and tearDownModulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#setupmodule-and-teardownmodule
Signal Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.html#signal-handling
unittest.mock — mock object libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html
Quick Guidehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#quick-guide
The Mock Classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#the-mock-class
Callinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#calling
Deleting Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#deleting-attributes
Mock names and the name attributehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#mock-names-and-the-name-attribute
Attaching Mocks as Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#attaching-mocks-as-attributes
The patchershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#the-patchers
patchhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch
patch.objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-object
patch.dicthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-dict
patch.multiplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-multiple
patch methods: start and stophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-methods-start-and-stop
patch builtinshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-builtins
TEST_PREFIXhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#test-prefix
Nesting Patch Decoratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#nesting-patch-decorators
Where to patchhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#where-to-patch
Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#patching-descriptors-and-proxy-objects
MagicMock and magic method supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#magicmock-and-magic-method-support
Mocking Magic Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#mocking-magic-methods
Magic Mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#magic-mock
Helpershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#helpers
sentinelhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#sentinel
DEFAULThttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#default
callhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#call
create_autospechttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#create-autospec
ANYhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#any
FILTER_DIRhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#filter-dir
mock_openhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#mock-open
Autospeccinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#autospeccing
Sealing mockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock.html#sealing-mocks
unittest.mock — getting startedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html
Using Mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#using-mock
Mock Patching Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-patching-methods
Mock for Method Calls on an Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-for-method-calls-on-an-object
Mocking Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-classes
Naming your mockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#naming-your-mocks
Tracking all Callshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#tracking-all-calls
Setting Return Values and Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#setting-return-values-and-attributes
Raising exceptions with mockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#raising-exceptions-with-mocks
Side effect functions and iterableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#side-effect-functions-and-iterables
Mocking asynchronous iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-asynchronous-iterators
Mocking asynchronous context managerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-asynchronous-context-manager
Creating a Mock from an Existing Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#creating-a-mock-from-an-existing-object
Patch Decoratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#patch-decorators
Further Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#further-examples
Mocking chained callshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-chained-calls
Partial mockinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#partial-mocking
Mocking a Generator Methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-a-generator-method
Applying the same patch to every test methodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#applying-the-same-patch-to-every-test-method
Mocking Unbound Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-unbound-methods
Checking multiple calls with mockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#checking-multiple-calls-with-mock
Coping with mutable argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#coping-with-mutable-arguments
Nesting Patcheshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#nesting-patches
Mocking a dictionary with MagicMockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-a-dictionary-with-magicmock
Mock subclasses and their attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-subclasses-and-their-attributes
Mocking imports with patch.dicthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-imports-with-patch-dict
Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#tracking-order-of-calls-and-less-verbose-call-assertions
More complex argument matchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#more-complex-argument-matching
2to3 — Automated Python 2 to 3 code translationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/2to3.html
Using 2to3https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/2to3.html#using-2to3
Fixershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/2to3.html#fixers
lib2to3 — 2to3’s libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/2to3.html#module-lib2to3
test — Regression tests package for Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html
Writing Unit Tests for the test packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package
Running tests using the command-line interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface
test.support — Utilities for the Python test suitehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support
test.support.socket_helper — Utilities for socket testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.socket_helper
test.support.script_helper — Utilities for the Python execution testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.script_helper
test.support.bytecode_helper — Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.bytecode_helper
test.support.threading_helper — Utilities for threading testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.threading_helper
test.support.os_helper — Utilities for os testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.os_helper
test.support.import_helper — Utilities for import testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.import_helper
test.support.warnings_helper — Utilities for warnings testshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/test.html#module-test.support.warnings_helper
Debugging and Profilinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/debug.html
Audit events tablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/audit_events.html
bdb — Debugger frameworkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/bdb.html
faulthandler — Dump the Python tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html
Dumping the tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback
Fault handler statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#fault-handler-state
Dumping the tracebacks after a timeouthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout
Dumping the traceback on a user signalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal
Issue with file descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#issue-with-file-descriptors
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/faulthandler.html#example
pdb — The Python Debuggerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pdb.html
Debugger Commandshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pdb.html#debugger-commands
The Python Profilershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html
Introduction to the profilershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#introduction-to-the-profilers
Instant User’s Manualhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#instant-user-s-manual
profile and cProfile Module Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#module-cProfile
The Stats Classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#the-stats-class
What Is Deterministic Profiling?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#what-is-deterministic-profiling
Limitationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#limitations
Calibrationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#calibration
Using a custom timerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/profile.html#using-a-custom-timer
timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/timeit.html
Basic Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/timeit.html#basic-examples
Python Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/timeit.html#python-interface
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/timeit.html#command-line-interface
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/timeit.html#examples
trace — Trace or track Python statement executionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html
Command-Line Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html#command-line-usage
Main optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html#main-options
Modifiershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html#modifiers
Filtershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html#filters
Programmatic Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/trace.html#programmatic-interface
tracemalloc — Trace memory allocationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#examples
Display the top 10https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#display-the-top-10
Compute differenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#compute-differences
Get the traceback of a memory blockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#get-the-traceback-of-a-memory-block
Pretty tophttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#pretty-top
Record the current and peak size of all traced memory blockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#record-the-current-and-peak-size-of-all-traced-memory-blocks
APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#api
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#functions
DomainFilterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#domainfilter
Filterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#filter
Framehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#frame
Snapshothttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#snapshot
Statistichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#statistic
StatisticDiffhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#statisticdiff
Tracehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#trace
Tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tracemalloc.html#traceback
Software Packaging and Distributionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/distribution.html
ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ensurepip.html
Command line interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ensurepip.html#command-line-interface
Module APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ensurepip.html#module-api
venv — Creation of virtual environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/venv.html
Creating virtual environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/venv.html#creating-virtual-environments
How venvs workhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/venv.html#how-venvs-work
APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/venv.html#api
An example of extending EnvBuilderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/venv.html#an-example-of-extending-envbuilder
zipapp — Manage executable Python zip archiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html
Basic Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#basic-example
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#command-line-interface
Python APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#python-api
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#examples
Specifying the Interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#specifying-the-interpreter
Creating Standalone Applications with zipapphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#creating-standalone-applications-with-zipapp
Making a Windows executablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#making-a-windows-executable
Caveatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#caveats
The Python Zip Application Archive Formathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipapp.html#the-python-zip-application-archive-format
Python Runtime Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/python.html
sys — System-specific parameters and functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sys.html
sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sysconfig.html
Configuration variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sysconfig.html#configuration-variables
Installation pathshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sysconfig.html#installation-paths
Other functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sysconfig.html#other-functions
Using sysconfig as a scripthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sysconfig.html#using-sysconfig-as-a-script
builtins — Built-in objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/builtins.html
__main__ — Top-level code environmenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html
__name__ == '__main__'https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#name-main
What is the “top-level code environment”?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#what-is-the-top-level-code-environment
Idiomatic Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#idiomatic-usage
Packaging Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#packaging-considerations
__main__.py in Python Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#main-py-in-python-packages
Idiomatic Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#id1
import __main__https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__main__.html#import-main
warnings — Warning controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html
Warning Categorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#warning-categories
The Warnings Filterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#the-warnings-filter
Describing Warning Filtershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#describing-warning-filters
Default Warning Filterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#default-warning-filter
Overriding the default filterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#overriding-the-default-filter
Temporarily Suppressing Warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings
Testing Warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#testing-warnings
Updating Code For New Versions of Dependencieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-dependencies
Available Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#available-functions
Available Context Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/warnings.html#available-context-managers
dataclasses — Data Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html
Module contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#module-contents
Post-init processinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#post-init-processing
Class variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#class-variables
Init-only variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#init-only-variables
Frozen instanceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#frozen-instances
Inheritancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#inheritance
Re-ordering of keyword-only parameters in __init__()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#re-ordering-of-keyword-only-parameters-in-init
Default factory functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#default-factory-functions
Mutable default valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#mutable-default-values
Descriptor-typed fieldshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dataclasses.html#descriptor-typed-fields
contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contextshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html
Utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#utilities
Examples and Recipeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#examples-and-recipes
Supporting a variable number of context managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#supporting-a-variable-number-of-context-managers
Catching exceptions from __enter__ methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#catching-exceptions-from-enter-methods
Cleaning up in an __enter__ implementationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#cleaning-up-in-an-enter-implementation
Replacing any use of try-finally and flag variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#replacing-any-use-of-try-finally-and-flag-variables
Using a context manager as a function decoratorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#using-a-context-manager-as-a-function-decorator
Single use, reusable and reentrant context managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#single-use-reusable-and-reentrant-context-managers
Reentrant context managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#reentrant-context-managers
Reusable context managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/contextlib.html#reusable-context-managers
abc — Abstract Base Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/abc.html
atexit — Exit handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/atexit.html
atexit Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/atexit.html#atexit-example
traceback — Print or retrieve a stack tracebackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/traceback.html
TracebackException Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/traceback.html#tracebackexception-objects
StackSummary Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/traceback.html#stacksummary-objects
FrameSummary Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/traceback.html#framesummary-objects
Traceback Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/traceback.html#traceback-examples
__future__ — Future statement definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/__future__.html
gc — Garbage Collector interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/gc.html
inspect — Inspect live objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html
Types and membershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#types-and-members
Retrieving source codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#retrieving-source-code
Introspecting callables with the Signature objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object
Classes and functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#classes-and-functions
The interpreter stackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
Fetching attributes staticallyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#fetching-attributes-statically
Current State of Generators and Coroutineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#current-state-of-generators-and-coroutines
Code Objects Bit Flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#code-objects-bit-flags
Command Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/inspect.html#command-line-interface
site — Site-specific configuration hookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/site.html
Readline configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/site.html#readline-configuration
Module contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/site.html#module-contents
Command Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/site.html#command-line-interface
Custom Python Interpretershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/custominterp.html
code — Interpreter base classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/code.html
Interactive Interpreter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/code.html#interactive-interpreter-objects
Interactive Console Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/code.html#interactive-console-objects
codeop — Compile Python codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/codeop.html
Importing Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/modules.html
zipimport — Import modules from Zip archiveshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipimport.html
zipimporter Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipimport.html#zipimporter-objects
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/zipimport.html#examples
pkgutil — Package extension utilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pkgutil.html
modulefinder — Find modules used by a scripthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/modulefinder.html
Example usage of ModuleFinderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/modulefinder.html#example-usage-of-modulefinder
runpy — Locating and executing Python moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/runpy.html
importlib — The implementation of importhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#introduction
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#functions
importlib.abc – Abstract base classes related to importhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#module-importlib.abc
importlib.machinery – Importers and path hookshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#module-importlib.machinery
importlib.util – Utility code for importershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#module-importlib.util
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#examples
Importing programmaticallyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#importing-programmatically
Checking if a module can be importedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#checking-if-a-module-can-be-imported
Importing a source file directlyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly
Implementing lazy importshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#implementing-lazy-imports
Setting up an importerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#setting-up-an-importer
Approximating importlib.import_module()https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.html#approximating-importlib-import-module
importlib.resources – Resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.resources.html
Deprecated functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.resources.html#deprecated-functions
importlib.resources.abc – Abstract base classes for resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.resources.abc.html
Using importlib.metadatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html
Overviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#overview
Functional APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#functional-api
Entry pointshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#entry-points
Distribution metadatahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-metadata
Distribution versionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-versions
Distribution fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-files
Distribution requirementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-requirements
Mapping import to distribution packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#mapping-import-to-distribution-packages
Distributionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distributions
Distribution Discoveryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-discovery
Extending the search algorithmhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/importlib.metadata.html#extending-the-search-algorithm
The initialization of the sys.path module search pathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sys_path_init.html
Virtual environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sys_path_init.html#virtual-environments
_pth fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sys_path_init.html#pth-files
Embedded Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sys_path_init.html#embedded-python
Python Language Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/language.html
ast — Abstract Syntax Treeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html
Abstract Grammarhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#abstract-grammar
Node classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#node-classes
Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#literals
Variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#variables
Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#expressions
Subscriptinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#subscripting
Comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#comprehensions
Statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#statements
Importshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#imports
Control flowhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#control-flow
Pattern matchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#pattern-matching
Function and class definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#function-and-class-definitions
Async and awaithttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#async-and-await
ast Helpershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#ast-helpers
Compiler Flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#compiler-flags
Command-Line Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ast.html#command-line-usage
symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/symtable.html
Generating Symbol Tableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/symtable.html#generating-symbol-tables
Examining Symbol Tableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/symtable.html#examining-symbol-tables
token — Constants used with Python parse treeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/token.html
keyword — Testing for Python keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/keyword.html
tokenize — Tokenizer for Python sourcehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tokenize.html
Tokenizing Inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tokenize.html#tokenizing-input
Command-Line Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tokenize.html#command-line-usage
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tokenize.html#examples
tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tabnanny.html
pyclbr — Python module browser supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyclbr.html
Function Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyclbr.html#function-objects
Class Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pyclbr.html#class-objects
py_compile — Compile Python source fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/py_compile.html
Command-Line Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/py_compile.html#command-line-interface
compileall — Byte-compile Python librarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/compileall.html
Command-line usehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/compileall.html#command-line-use
Public functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/compileall.html#public-functions
dis — Disassembler for Python bytecodehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dis.html
Bytecode analysishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dis.html#bytecode-analysis
Analysis functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dis.html#analysis-functions
Python Bytecode Instructionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dis.html#python-bytecode-instructions
Opcode collectionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/dis.html#opcode-collections
pickletools — Tools for pickle developershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickletools.html
Command line usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickletools.html#command-line-usage
Command line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickletools.html#command-line-options
Programmatic Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pickletools.html#programmatic-interface
MS Windows Specific Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/windows.html
msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtimehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msvcrt.html
File Operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msvcrt.html#file-operations
Console I/Ohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msvcrt.html#console-i-o
Other Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msvcrt.html#other-functions
winreg — Windows registry accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#functions
Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#constants
HKEY_* Constantshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#hkey-constants
Access Rightshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#access-rights
64-bit Specifichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#bit-specific
Value Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#value-types
Registry Handle Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winreg.html#registry-handle-objects
winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/winsound.html
Unix Specific Serviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/unix.html
posix — The most common POSIX system callshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/posix.html
Large File Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/posix.html#large-file-support
Notable Module Contentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/posix.html#notable-module-contents
pwd — The password databasehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pwd.html
grp — The group databasehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/grp.html
termios — POSIX style tty controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/termios.html
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/termios.html#example
tty — Terminal control functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/tty.html
pty — Pseudo-terminal utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pty.html
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pty.html#example
fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system callshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/fcntl.html
resource — Resource usage informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/resource.html
Resource Limitshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/resource.html#resource-limits
Resource Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/resource.html#resource-usage
syslog — Unix syslog library routineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/syslog.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/syslog.html#examples
Simple examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/syslog.html#simple-example
Superseded Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/superseded.html
aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/aifc.html
audioop — Manipulate raw audio datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/audioop.html
cgi — Common Gateway Interface supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#introduction
Using the cgi modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#using-the-cgi-module
Higher Level Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#higher-level-interface
Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#functions
Caring about securityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#caring-about-security
Installing your CGI script on a Unix systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#installing-your-cgi-script-on-a-unix-system
Testing your CGI scripthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#testing-your-cgi-script
Debugging CGI scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#debugging-cgi-scripts
Common problems and solutionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgi.html#common-problems-and-solutions
cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scriptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/cgitb.html
chunk — Read IFF chunked datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/chunk.html
crypt — Function to check Unix passwordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypt.html
Hashing Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypt.html#hashing-methods
Module Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypt.html#module-attributes
Module Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypt.html#module-functions
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/crypt.html#examples
imghdr — Determine the type of an imagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imghdr.html
imp — Access the import internalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imp.html
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/imp.html#examples
mailcap — Mailcap file handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/mailcap.html
msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html
Database Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#database-objects
View Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#view-objects
Summary Information Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#summary-information-objects
Record Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#record-objects
Errorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#errors
CAB Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#cab-objects
Directory Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#directory-objects
Featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#features
GUI classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#gui-classes
Precomputed tableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/msilib.html#precomputed-tables
nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nis.html
nntplib — NNTP protocol clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nntplib.html
NNTP Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nntplib.html#nntp-objects
Attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nntplib.html#attributes
Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nntplib.html#methods
Utility functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/nntplib.html#utility-functions
optparse — Parser for command line optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html
Backgroundhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#background
Terminologyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#terminology
What are options for?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#what-are-options-for
What are positional arguments for?https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#what-are-positional-arguments-for
Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#tutorial
Understanding option actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#understanding-option-actions
The store actionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#the-store-action
Handling boolean (flag) optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#handling-boolean-flag-options
Other actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#other-actions
Default valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#default-values
Generating helphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#generating-help
Grouping Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#grouping-options
Printing a version stringhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#printing-a-version-string
How optparse handles errorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#how-optparse-handles-errors
Putting it all togetherhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#putting-it-all-together
Reference Guidehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#reference-guide
Creating the parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#creating-the-parser
Populating the parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#populating-the-parser
Defining optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#defining-options
Option attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#option-attributes
Standard option actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#standard-option-actions
Standard option typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#standard-option-types
Parsing argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#parsing-arguments
Querying and manipulating your option parserhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#querying-and-manipulating-your-option-parser
Conflicts between optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#conflicts-between-options
Cleanuphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#cleanup
Other methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#other-methods
Option Callbackshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#option-callbacks
Defining a callback optionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#defining-a-callback-option
How callbacks are calledhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#how-callbacks-are-called
Raising errors in a callbackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#raising-errors-in-a-callback
Callback example 1: trivial callbackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-1-trivial-callback
Callback example 2: check option orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-2-check-option-order
Callback example 3: check option order (generalized)https://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-3-check-option-order-generalized
Callback example 4: check arbitrary conditionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-4-check-arbitrary-condition
Callback example 5: fixed argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-5-fixed-arguments
Callback example 6: variable argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#callback-example-6-variable-arguments
Extending optparsehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#extending-optparse
Adding new typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#adding-new-types
Adding new actionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/optparse.html#adding-new-actions
ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio deviceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ossaudiodev.html
Audio Device Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ossaudiodev.html#audio-device-objects
Mixer Device Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/ossaudiodev.html#mixer-device-objects
pipes — Interface to shell pipelineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pipes.html
Template Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/pipes.html#template-objects
sndhdr — Determine type of sound filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sndhdr.html
spwd — The shadow password databasehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/spwd.html
sunau — Read and write Sun AU fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sunau.html
AU_read Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sunau.html#au-read-objects
AU_write Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/sunau.html#au-write-objects
telnetlib — Telnet clienthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/telnetlib.html
Telnet Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/telnetlib.html#telnet-objects
Telnet Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/telnetlib.html#telnet-example
uu — Encode and decode uuencode fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/uu.html
xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xdrlib.html
Packer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xdrlib.html#packer-objects
Unpacker Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xdrlib.html#unpacker-objects
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/xdrlib.html#exceptions
Security Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/library/security_warnings.html
The Python Language Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/index.html
1. Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/introduction.html
1.1. Alternate Implementationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/introduction.html#alternate-implementations
1.2. Notationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/introduction.html#notation
2. Lexical analysishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html
2.1. Line structurehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#line-structure
2.1.1. Logical lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#logical-lines
2.1.2. Physical lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#physical-lines
2.1.3. Commentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#comments
2.1.4. Encoding declarationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#encoding-declarations
2.1.5. Explicit line joininghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#explicit-line-joining
2.1.6. Implicit line joininghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#implicit-line-joining
2.1.7. Blank lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#blank-lines
2.1.8. Indentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#indentation
2.1.9. Whitespace between tokenshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#whitespace-between-tokens
2.2. Other tokenshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#other-tokens
2.3. Identifiers and keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers
2.3.1. Keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords
2.3.2. Soft Keywordshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#soft-keywords
2.3.3. Reserved classes of identifiershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#reserved-classes-of-identifiers
2.4. Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#literals
2.4.1. String and Bytes literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals
2.4.2. String literal concatenationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-literal-concatenation
2.4.3. Formatted string literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#formatted-string-literals
2.4.4. Numeric literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#numeric-literals
2.4.5. Integer literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals
2.4.6. Floating point literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#floating-point-literals
2.4.7. Imaginary literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#imaginary-literals
2.5. Operatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators
2.6. Delimitershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/lexical_analysis.html#delimiters
3. Data modelhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html
3.1. Objects, values and typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#objects-values-and-types
3.2. The standard type hierarchyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy
3.3. Special method nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#special-method-names
3.3.1. Basic customizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#basic-customization
3.3.2. Customizing attribute accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#customizing-attribute-access
3.3.2.1. Customizing module attribute accesshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#customizing-module-attribute-access
3.3.2.2. Implementing Descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#implementing-descriptors
3.3.2.3. Invoking Descriptorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#invoking-descriptors
3.3.2.4. __slots__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#slots
3.3.2.4.1. Notes on using __slots__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#notes-on-using-slots
3.3.3. Customizing class creationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#customizing-class-creation
3.3.3.1. Metaclasseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#metaclasses
3.3.3.2. Resolving MRO entrieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#resolving-mro-entries
3.3.3.3. Determining the appropriate metaclasshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#determining-the-appropriate-metaclass
3.3.3.4. Preparing the class namespacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#preparing-the-class-namespace
3.3.3.5. Executing the class bodyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#executing-the-class-body
3.3.3.6. Creating the class objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#creating-the-class-object
3.3.3.7. Uses for metaclasseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#uses-for-metaclasses
3.3.4. Customizing instance and subclass checkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#customizing-instance-and-subclass-checks
3.3.5. Emulating generic typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#emulating-generic-types
3.3.5.1. The purpose of __class_getitem__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#the-purpose-of-class-getitem
3.3.5.2. __class_getitem__ versus __getitem__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#class-getitem-versus-getitem
3.3.6. Emulating callable objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#emulating-callable-objects
3.3.7. Emulating container typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#emulating-container-types
3.3.8. Emulating numeric typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#emulating-numeric-types
3.3.9. With Statement Context Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers
3.3.10. Customizing positional arguments in class pattern matchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#customizing-positional-arguments-in-class-pattern-matching
3.3.11. Special method lookuphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#special-method-lookup
3.4. Coroutineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#coroutines
3.4.1. Awaitable Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#awaitable-objects
3.4.2. Coroutine Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#coroutine-objects
3.4.3. Asynchronous Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#asynchronous-iterators
3.4.4. Asynchronous Context Managershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/datamodel.html#asynchronous-context-managers
4. Execution modelhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html
4.1. Structure of a programhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#structure-of-a-program
4.2. Naming and bindinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#naming-and-binding
4.2.1. Binding of nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#binding-of-names
4.2.2. Resolution of nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#resolution-of-names
4.2.3. Builtins and restricted executionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#builtins-and-restricted-execution
4.2.4. Interaction with dynamic featureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#interaction-with-dynamic-features
4.3. Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/executionmodel.html#exceptions
5. The import systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html
5.1. importlibhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#importlib
5.2. Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#packages
5.2.1. Regular packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#regular-packages
5.2.2. Namespace packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#namespace-packages
5.3. Searchinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#searching
5.3.1. The module cachehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#the-module-cache
5.3.2. Finders and loadershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders
5.3.3. Import hookshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#import-hooks
5.3.4. The meta pathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#the-meta-path
5.4. Loadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#loading
5.4.1. Loadershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#loaders
5.4.2. Submoduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#submodules
5.4.3. Module spechttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#module-spec
5.4.4. Import-related module attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#import-related-module-attributes
5.4.5. module.__path__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#module-path
5.4.6. Module reprshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#module-reprs
5.4.7. Cached bytecode invalidationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#cached-bytecode-invalidation
5.5. The Path Based Finderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder
5.5.1. Path entry findershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#path-entry-finders
5.5.2. Path entry finder protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#path-entry-finder-protocol
5.6. Replacing the standard import systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system
5.7. Package Relative Importshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#package-relative-imports
5.8. Special considerations for __main__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main
5.8.1. __main__.__spec__https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#main-spec
5.9. Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/import.html#references
6. Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html
6.1. Arithmetic conversionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#arithmetic-conversions
6.2. Atomshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#atoms
6.2.1. Identifiers (Names)https://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#atom-identifiers
6.2.2. Literalshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#literals
6.2.3. Parenthesized formshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#parenthesized-forms
6.2.4. Displays for lists, sets and dictionarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#displays-for-lists-sets-and-dictionaries
6.2.5. List displayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#list-displays
6.2.6. Set displayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#set-displays
6.2.7. Dictionary displayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#dictionary-displays
6.2.8. Generator expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#generator-expressions
6.2.9. Yield expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#yield-expressions
6.2.9.1. Generator-iterator methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#generator-iterator-methods
6.2.9.2. Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#examples
6.2.9.3. Asynchronous generator functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#asynchronous-generator-functions
6.2.9.4. Asynchronous generator-iterator methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#asynchronous-generator-iterator-methods
6.3. Primarieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#primaries
6.3.1. Attribute referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#attribute-references
6.3.2. Subscriptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#subscriptions
6.3.3. Slicingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#slicings
6.3.4. Callshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#calls
6.4. Await expressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#await-expression
6.5. The power operatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#the-power-operator
6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#unary-arithmetic-and-bitwise-operations
6.7. Binary arithmetic operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations
6.8. Shifting operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#shifting-operations
6.9. Binary bitwise operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#binary-bitwise-operations
6.10. Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#comparisons
6.10.1. Value comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#value-comparisons
6.10.2. Membership test operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#membership-test-operations
6.10.3. Identity comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#is-not
6.11. Boolean operationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations
6.12. Assignment expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#assignment-expressions
6.13. Conditional expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#conditional-expressions
6.14. Lambdashttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#lambda
6.15. Expression listshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#expression-lists
6.16. Evaluation orderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#evaluation-order
6.17. Operator precedencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence
7. Simple statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html
7.1. Expression statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#expression-statements
7.2. Assignment statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements
7.2.1. Augmented assignment statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#augmented-assignment-statements
7.2.2. Annotated assignment statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#annotated-assignment-statements
7.3. The assert statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-assert-statement
7.4. The pass statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-pass-statement
7.5. The del statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-del-statement
7.6. The return statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement
7.7. The yield statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-yield-statement
7.8. The raise statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-raise-statement
7.9. The break statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-break-statement
7.10. The continue statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-continue-statement
7.11. The import statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement
7.11.1. Future statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#future-statements
7.12. The global statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-global-statement
7.13. The nonlocal statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-nonlocal-statement
8. Compound statementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html
8.1. The if statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement
8.2. The while statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-while-statement
8.3. The for statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-for-statement
8.4. The try statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement
8.4.1. except clausehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#except-clause
8.4.2. except* clausehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#except-star
8.4.3. else clausehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#else-clause
8.4.4. finally clausehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#finally-clause
8.5. The with statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-with-statement
8.6. The match statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-match-statement
8.6.1. Overviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#overview
8.6.2. Guardshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#guards
8.6.3. Irrefutable Case Blockshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#irrefutable-case-blocks
8.6.4. Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#patterns
8.6.4.1. OR Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#or-patterns
8.6.4.2. AS Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#as-patterns
8.6.4.3. Literal Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#literal-patterns
8.6.4.4. Capture Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#capture-patterns
8.6.4.5. Wildcard Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#wildcard-patterns
8.6.4.6. Value Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#value-patterns
8.6.4.7. Group Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#group-patterns
8.6.4.8. Sequence Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#sequence-patterns
8.6.4.9. Mapping Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#mapping-patterns
8.6.4.10. Class Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#class-patterns
8.7. Function definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions
8.8. Class definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#class-definitions
8.9. Coroutineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#coroutines
8.9.1. Coroutine function definitionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#coroutine-function-definition
8.9.2. The async for statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-async-for-statement
8.9.3. The async with statementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-async-with-statement
9. Top-level componentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/toplevel_components.html
9.1. Complete Python programshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/toplevel_components.html#complete-python-programs
9.2. File inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/toplevel_components.html#file-input
9.3. Interactive inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/toplevel_components.html#interactive-input
9.4. Expression inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/toplevel_components.html#expression-input
10. Full Grammar specificationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/reference/grammar.html
Python Setup and Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/index.html
1. Command line and environmenthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html
1.1. Command linehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#command-line
1.1.1. Interface optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#interface-options
1.1.2. Generic optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#generic-options
1.1.3. Miscellaneous optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#miscellaneous-options
1.1.4. Options you shouldn’t usehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#options-you-shouldn-t-use
1.2. Environment variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#environment-variables
1.2.1. Debug-mode variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/cmdline.html#debug-mode-variables
2. Using Python on Unix platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html
2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python
2.1.1. On Linuxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#on-linux
2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSDhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#on-freebsd-and-openbsd
2.1.3. On OpenSolarishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#on-opensolaris
2.2. Building Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#building-python
2.3. Python-related paths and fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#python-related-paths-and-files
2.4. Miscellaneoushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#miscellaneous
2.5. Custom OpenSSLhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/unix.html#custom-openssl
3. Configure Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html
3.1. Build Requirementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#build-requirements
3.2. Configure Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#configure-options
3.2.1. General Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#general-options
3.2.2. WebAssembly Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#webassembly-options
3.2.3. Install Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#install-options
3.2.4. Performance optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#performance-options
3.2.5. Python Debug Buildhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#python-debug-build
3.2.6. Debug optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#debug-options
3.2.7. Linker optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#linker-options
3.2.8. Libraries optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#libraries-options
3.2.9. Security Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#security-options
3.2.10. macOS Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#macos-options
3.2.11. Cross Compiling Optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#cross-compiling-options
3.3. Python Build Systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#python-build-system
3.3.1. Main files of the build systemhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#main-files-of-the-build-system
3.3.2. Main build stepshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#main-build-steps
3.3.3. Main Makefile targetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#main-makefile-targets
3.3.4. C extensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#c-extensions
3.4. Compiler and linker flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#compiler-and-linker-flags
3.4.1. Preprocessor flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#preprocessor-flags
3.4.2. Compiler flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#compiler-flags
3.4.3. Linker flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/configure.html#linker-flags
4. Using Python on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html
4.1. The full installerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#the-full-installer
4.1.1. Installation stepshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#installation-steps
4.1.2. Removing the MAX_PATH Limitationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#removing-the-max-path-limitation
4.1.3. Installing Without UIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#installing-without-ui
4.1.4. Installing Without Downloadinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#installing-without-downloading
4.1.5. Modifying an installhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#modifying-an-install
4.2. The Microsoft Store packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#the-microsoft-store-package
4.2.1. Known issueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#known-issues
4.2.1.1. Redirection of local data, registry, and temporary pathshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#redirection-of-local-data-registry-and-temporary-paths
4.3. The nuget.org packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#the-nuget-org-packages
4.4. The embeddable packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#the-embeddable-package
4.4.1. Python Applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#python-application
4.4.2. Embedding Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#embedding-python
4.5. Alternative bundleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#alternative-bundles
4.6. Configuring Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#configuring-python
4.6.1. Excursus: Setting environment variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#excursus-setting-environment-variables
4.6.2. Finding the Python executablehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#finding-the-python-executable
4.7. UTF-8 modehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#utf-8-mode
4.8. Python Launcher for Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#python-launcher-for-windows
4.8.1. Getting startedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#getting-started
4.8.1.1. From the command-linehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#from-the-command-line
4.8.1.2. Virtual environmentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#virtual-environments
4.8.1.3. From a scripthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#from-a-script
4.8.1.4. From file associationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#from-file-associations
4.8.2. Shebang Lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#shebang-lines
4.8.3. Arguments in shebang lineshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#arguments-in-shebang-lines
4.8.4. Customizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#customization
4.8.4.1. Customization via INI fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#customization-via-ini-files
4.8.4.2. Customizing default Python versionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#customizing-default-python-versions
4.8.5. Diagnosticshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#diagnostics
4.8.6. Dry Runhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#dry-run
4.8.7. Install on demandhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#install-on-demand
4.8.8. Return codeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#return-codes
4.9. Finding moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#finding-modules
4.10. Additional moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#additional-modules
4.10.1. PyWin32https://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#pywin32
4.10.2. cx_Freezehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#cx-freeze
4.11. Compiling Python on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#compiling-python-on-windows
4.12. Other Platformshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/windows.html#other-platforms
5. Using Python on a Machttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html
5.1. Getting and Installing MacPythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#getting-and-installing-macpython
5.1.1. How to run a Python scripthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#how-to-run-a-python-script
5.1.2. Running scripts with a GUIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#running-scripts-with-a-gui
5.1.3. Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#configuration
5.2. The IDEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#the-ide
5.3. Installing Additional Python Packageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#installing-additional-python-packages
5.4. GUI Programming on the Machttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#gui-programming-on-the-mac
5.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Machttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#distributing-python-applications-on-the-mac
5.6. Other Resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/mac.html#other-resources
6. Editors and IDEshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/using/editors.html
Python HOWTOshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/index.html
Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html
The Short Explanationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#the-short-explanation
Detailshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#details
Drop support for Python 2.6 and olderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#drop-support-for-python-2-6-and-older
Make sure you specify the proper version support in your setup.py filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#make-sure-you-specify-the-proper-version-support-in-your-setup-py-file
Have good test coveragehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#have-good-test-coverage
Learn the differences between Python 2 & 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#learn-the-differences-between-python-2-3
Update your codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#update-your-code
Divisionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#division
Text versus binary datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#text-versus-binary-data
Use feature detection instead of version detectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#use-feature-detection-instead-of-version-detection
Prevent compatibility regressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#prevent-compatibility-regressions
Check which dependencies block your transitionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#check-which-dependencies-block-your-transition
Update your setup.py file to denote Python 3 compatibilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#update-your-setup-py-file-to-denote-python-3-compatibility
Use continuous integration to stay compatiblehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#use-continuous-integration-to-stay-compatible
Consider using optional static type checkinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/pyporting.html#consider-using-optional-static-type-checking
Porting Extension Modules to Python 3https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/cporting.html
Curses Programming with Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html
What is curses?https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#what-is-curses
The Python curses modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#the-python-curses-module
Starting and ending a curses applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#starting-and-ending-a-curses-application
Windows and Padshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#windows-and-pads
Displaying Texthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#displaying-text
Attributes and Colorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#attributes-and-color
User Inputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#user-input
For More Informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/curses.html#for-more-information
Descriptor HowTo Guidehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html
Primerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#primer
Simple example: A descriptor that returns a constanthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#simple-example-a-descriptor-that-returns-a-constant
Dynamic lookupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#dynamic-lookups
Managed attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#managed-attributes
Customized nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#customized-names
Closing thoughtshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#closing-thoughts
Complete Practical Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#complete-practical-example
Validator classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#validator-class
Custom validatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#custom-validators
Practical applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#practical-application
Technical Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#technical-tutorial
Abstracthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#abstract
Definition and introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#definition-and-introduction
Descriptor protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#descriptor-protocol
Overview of descriptor invocationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#overview-of-descriptor-invocation
Invocation from an instancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#invocation-from-an-instance
Invocation from a classhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#invocation-from-a-class
Invocation from superhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#invocation-from-super
Summary of invocation logichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#summary-of-invocation-logic
Automatic name notificationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#automatic-name-notification
ORM examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#orm-example
Pure Python Equivalentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#pure-python-equivalents
Propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#properties
Functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#functions-and-methods
Kinds of methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#kinds-of-methods
Static methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#static-methods
Class methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#class-methods
Member objects and __slots__https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/descriptor.html#member-objects-and-slots
Enum HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html
Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#programmatic-access-to-enumeration-members-and-their-attributes
Duplicating enum members and valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#duplicating-enum-members-and-values
Ensuring unique enumeration valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#ensuring-unique-enumeration-values
Using automatic valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#using-automatic-values
Iterationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#iteration
Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#comparisons
Allowed members and attributes of enumerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#allowed-members-and-attributes-of-enumerations
Restricted Enum subclassinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#restricted-enum-subclassing
Dataclass supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#dataclass-support
Picklinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#pickling
Functional APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#functional-api
Derived Enumerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#derived-enumerations
IntEnumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#intenum
StrEnumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#strenum
IntFlaghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#intflag
Flaghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#flag
Othershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#others
When to use __new__() vs. __init__()https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#when-to-use-new-vs-init
Finer Pointshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#finer-points
Supported __dunder__ nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#supported-dunder-names
Supported _sunder_ nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#supported-sunder-names
_Private__nameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#private-names
Enum member typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#enum-member-type
Creating members that are mixed with other data typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#creating-members-that-are-mixed-with-other-data-types
Boolean value of Enum classes and membershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#boolean-value-of-enum-classes-and-members
Enum classes with methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#enum-classes-with-methods
Combining members of Flaghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#combining-members-of-flag
Flag and IntFlag minutiahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#flag-and-intflag-minutia
How are Enums and Flags different?https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#how-are-enums-and-flags-different
Enum Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#enum-classes
Flag Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#flag-classes
Enum Members (aka instances)https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#enum-members-aka-instances
Flag Membershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#flag-members
Enum Cookbookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#enum-cookbook
Omitting valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#omitting-values
Using autohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#using-auto
Using objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#using-object
Using a descriptive stringhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#using-a-descriptive-string
Using a custom __new__()https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#using-a-custom-new
OrderedEnumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#orderedenum
DuplicateFreeEnumhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#duplicatefreeenum
Planethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#planet
TimePeriodhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#timeperiod
Subclassing EnumTypehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/enum.html#subclassing-enumtype
Functional Programming HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#introduction
Formal provabilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#formal-provability
Modularityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#modularity
Ease of debugging and testinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#ease-of-debugging-and-testing
Composabilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#composability
Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#iterators
Data Types That Support Iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#data-types-that-support-iterators
Generator expressions and list comprehensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#generator-expressions-and-list-comprehensions
Generatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#generators
Passing values into a generatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#passing-values-into-a-generator
Built-in functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#built-in-functions
The itertools modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#the-itertools-module
Creating new iteratorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#creating-new-iterators
Calling functions on elementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#calling-functions-on-elements
Selecting elementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#selecting-elements
Combinatoric functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#combinatoric-functions
Grouping elementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#grouping-elements
The functools modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#the-functools-module
The operator modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#the-operator-module
Small functions and the lambda expressionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#small-functions-and-the-lambda-expression
Revision History and Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#revision-history-and-acknowledgements
Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#references
Generalhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#general
Python-specifichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#python-specific
Python documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/functional.html#python-documentation
Logging HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html
Basic Logging Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#basic-logging-tutorial
When to use logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#when-to-use-logging
A simple examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#a-simple-example
Logging to a filehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#logging-to-a-file
Logging from multiple moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#logging-from-multiple-modules
Logging variable datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#logging-variable-data
Changing the format of displayed messageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#changing-the-format-of-displayed-messages
Displaying the date/time in messageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#displaying-the-date-time-in-messages
Next Stepshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#next-steps
Advanced Logging Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#advanced-logging-tutorial
Logging Flowhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#logging-flow
Loggershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#loggers
Handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#handlers
Formattershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#formatters
Configuring Logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#configuring-logging
What happens if no configuration is providedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#what-happens-if-no-configuration-is-provided
Configuring Logging for a Libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#configuring-logging-for-a-library
Logging Levelshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#logging-levels
Custom Levelshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#custom-levels
Useful Handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#useful-handlers
Exceptions raised during logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#exceptions-raised-during-logging
Using arbitrary objects as messageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#using-arbitrary-objects-as-messages
Optimizationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#optimization
Other resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging.html#other-resources
Logging Cookbookhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html
Using logging in multiple moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-logging-in-multiple-modules
Logging from multiple threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-from-multiple-threads
Multiple handlers and formattershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#multiple-handlers-and-formatters
Logging to multiple destinationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-to-multiple-destinations
Custom handling of levelshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#custom-handling-of-levels
Configuration server examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#configuration-server-example
Dealing with handlers that blockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#dealing-with-handlers-that-block
Sending and receiving logging events across a networkhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#sending-and-receiving-logging-events-across-a-network
Running a logging socket listener in productionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#running-a-logging-socket-listener-in-production
Adding contextual information to your logging outputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#adding-contextual-information-to-your-logging-output
Using LoggerAdapters to impart contextual informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-loggeradapters-to-impart-contextual-information
Using objects other than dicts to pass contextual informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-objects-other-than-dicts-to-pass-contextual-information
Using Filters to impart contextual informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-filters-to-impart-contextual-information
Use of contextvarshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#use-of-contextvars
Imparting contextual information in handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#imparting-contextual-information-in-handlers
Logging to a single file from multiple processeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-to-a-single-file-from-multiple-processes
Using concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-concurrent-futures-processpoolexecutor
Deploying Web applications using Gunicorn and uWSGIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#deploying-web-applications-using-gunicorn-and-uwsgi
Using file rotationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-file-rotation
Use of alternative formatting styleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#use-of-alternative-formatting-styles
Customizing LogRecordhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#customizing-logrecord
Subclassing QueueHandler - a ZeroMQ examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#subclassing-queuehandler-a-zeromq-example
Subclassing QueueListener - a ZeroMQ examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#subclassing-queuelistener-a-zeromq-example
An example dictionary-based configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#an-example-dictionary-based-configuration
Using a rotator and namer to customize log rotation processinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-a-rotator-and-namer-to-customize-log-rotation-processing
A more elaborate multiprocessing examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-more-elaborate-multiprocessing-example
Inserting a BOM into messages sent to a SysLogHandlerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#inserting-a-bom-into-messages-sent-to-a-sysloghandler
Implementing structured logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#implementing-structured-logging
Customizing handlers with dictConfig()https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#customizing-handlers-with-dictconfig
Using particular formatting styles throughout your applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-particular-formatting-styles-throughout-your-application
Using LogRecord factorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-logrecord-factories
Using custom message objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-custom-message-objects
Configuring filters with dictConfig()https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#configuring-filters-with-dictconfig
Customized exception formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#customized-exception-formatting
Speaking logging messageshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#speaking-logging-messages
Buffering logging messages and outputting them conditionallyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#buffering-logging-messages-and-outputting-them-conditionally
Sending logging messages to email, with bufferinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#sending-logging-messages-to-email-with-buffering
Formatting times using UTC (GMT) via configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#formatting-times-using-utc-gmt-via-configuration
Using a context manager for selective logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-a-context-manager-for-selective-logging
A CLI application starter templatehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-cli-application-starter-template
A Qt GUI for logginghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-qt-gui-for-logging
Logging to syslog with RFC5424 supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-to-syslog-with-rfc5424-support
How to treat a logger like an output streamhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#how-to-treat-a-logger-like-an-output-stream
Patterns to avoidhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#patterns-to-avoid
Opening the same log file multiple timeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#opening-the-same-log-file-multiple-times
Using loggers as attributes in a class or passing them as parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-loggers-as-attributes-in-a-class-or-passing-them-as-parameters
Adding handlers other than NullHandler to a logger in a libraryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#adding-handlers-other-than-nullhandler-to-a-logger-in-a-library
Creating a lot of loggershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#creating-a-lot-of-loggers
Other resourceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/logging-cookbook.html#other-resources
Regular Expression HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#introduction
Simple Patternshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#simple-patterns
Matching Charactershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#matching-characters
Repeating Thingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#repeating-things
Using Regular Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#using-regular-expressions
Compiling Regular Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#compiling-regular-expressions
The Backslash Plaguehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#the-backslash-plague
Performing Matcheshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#performing-matches
Module-Level Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#module-level-functions
Compilation Flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#compilation-flags
More Pattern Powerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#more-pattern-power
More Metacharactershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#more-metacharacters
Groupinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#grouping
Non-capturing and Named Groupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#non-capturing-and-named-groups
Lookahead Assertionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#lookahead-assertions
Modifying Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#modifying-strings
Splitting Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#splitting-strings
Search and Replacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#search-and-replace
Common Problemshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#common-problems
Use String Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#use-string-methods
match() versus search()https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#match-versus-search
Greedy versus Non-Greedyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#greedy-versus-non-greedy
Using re.VERBOSEhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#using-re-verbose
Feedbackhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/regex.html#feedback
Socket Programming HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html
Socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#sockets
Historyhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#history
Creating a Sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#creating-a-socket
IPChttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#ipc
Using a Sockethttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#using-a-socket
Binary Datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#binary-data
Disconnectinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#disconnecting
When Sockets Diehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#when-sockets-die
Non-blocking Socketshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sockets.html#non-blocking-sockets
Sorting HOW TOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html
Sorting Basicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#sorting-basics
Key Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#key-functions
Operator Module Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#operator-module-functions
Ascending and Descendinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#ascending-and-descending
Sort Stability and Complex Sortshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#sort-stability-and-complex-sorts
Decorate-Sort-Undecoratehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#decorate-sort-undecorate
Comparison Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#comparison-functions
Odds and Endshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/sorting.html#odds-and-ends
Unicode HOWTOhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html
Introduction to Unicodehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#introduction-to-unicode
Definitionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#definitions
Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#encodings
Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#references
Python’s Unicode Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#python-s-unicode-support
The String Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#the-string-type
Converting to Byteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#converting-to-bytes
Unicode Literals in Python Source Codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#unicode-literals-in-python-source-code
Unicode Propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#unicode-properties
Comparing Stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#comparing-strings
Unicode Regular Expressionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#unicode-regular-expressions
Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#id2
Reading and Writing Unicode Datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#reading-and-writing-unicode-data
Unicode filenameshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#unicode-filenames
Tips for Writing Unicode-aware Programshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#tips-for-writing-unicode-aware-programs
Converting Between File Encodingshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#converting-between-file-encodings
Files in an Unknown Encodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#files-in-an-unknown-encoding
Referenceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#id3
Acknowledgementshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/unicode.html#acknowledgements
HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Packagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#introduction
Fetching URLshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#fetching-urls
Datahttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#data
Headershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#headers
Handling Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#handling-exceptions
URLErrorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#urlerror
HTTPErrorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#httperror
Error Codeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#error-codes
Wrapping it Uphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#wrapping-it-up
Number 1https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#number-1
Number 2https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#number-2
info and geturlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#info-and-geturl
Openers and Handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#openers-and-handlers
Basic Authenticationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#id5
Proxieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#proxies
Sockets and Layershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#sockets-and-layers
Footnoteshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/urllib2.html#footnotes
Argparse Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html
Conceptshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#concepts
The basicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#the-basics
Introducing Positional argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#introducing-positional-arguments
Introducing Optional argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#introducing-optional-arguments
Short optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#short-options
Combining Positional and Optional argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#combining-positional-and-optional-arguments
Getting a little more advancedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#getting-a-little-more-advanced
Specifying ambiguous argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#specifying-ambiguous-arguments
Conflicting optionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#conflicting-options
Conclusionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/argparse.html#conclusion
An introduction to the ipaddress modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html
Creating Address/Network/Interface objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#creating-address-network-interface-objects
A Note on IP Versionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#a-note-on-ip-versions
IP Host Addresseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#ip-host-addresses
Defining Networkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#defining-networks
Host Interfaceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#host-interfaces
Inspecting Address/Network/Interface Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#inspecting-address-network-interface-objects
Networks as lists of Addresseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#networks-as-lists-of-addresses
Comparisonshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#comparisons
Using IP Addresses with other moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#using-ip-addresses-with-other-modules
Getting more detail when instance creation failshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/ipaddress.html#getting-more-detail-when-instance-creation-fails
Argument Clinic How-Tohttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html
The Goals Of Argument Clinichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#the-goals-of-argument-clinic
Basic Concepts And Usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#basic-concepts-and-usage
Converting Your First Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#converting-your-first-function
Advanced Topicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#advanced-topics
Symbolic default valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#symbolic-default-values
Renaming the C functions and variables generated by Argument Clinichttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#renaming-the-c-functions-and-variables-generated-by-argument-clinic
Converting functions using PyArg_UnpackTuplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#converting-functions-using-pyarg-unpacktuple
Optional Groupshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#optional-groups
Using real Argument Clinic converters, instead of “legacy converters”https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#using-real-argument-clinic-converters-instead-of-legacy-converters
Py_bufferhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#py-buffer
Advanced convertershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#advanced-converters
Parameter default valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#parameter-default-values
The NULL default valuehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#the-null-default-value
Expressions specified as default valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#expressions-specified-as-default-values
Using a return converterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#using-a-return-converter
Cloning existing functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#cloning-existing-functions
Calling Python codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#calling-python-code
Using a “self converter”https://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#using-a-self-converter
Using a “defining class” converterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#using-a-defining-class-converter
Writing a custom converterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#writing-a-custom-converter
Writing a custom return converterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#writing-a-custom-return-converter
METH_O and METH_NOARGShttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#meth-o-and-meth-noargs
tp_new and tp_init functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#tp-new-and-tp-init-functions
Changing and redirecting Clinic’s outputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#changing-and-redirecting-clinic-s-output
The #ifdef trickhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#the-ifdef-trick
Using Argument Clinic in Python fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/clinic.html#using-argument-clinic-in-python-files
Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html
Enabling the static markershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#enabling-the-static-markers
Static DTrace probeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#static-dtrace-probes
Static SystemTap markershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#static-systemtap-markers
Available static markershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#available-static-markers
SystemTap Tapsetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#systemtap-tapsets
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/instrumentation.html#examples
Python support for the Linux perf profilerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/perf_profiling.html
How to enable perf profiling supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/perf_profiling.html#how-to-enable-perf-profiling-support
How to obtain the best resultshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/perf_profiling.html#how-to-obtain-the-best-results
Annotations Best Practiceshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html
Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.10 And Newerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html#accessing-the-annotations-dict-of-an-object-in-python-3-10-and-newer
Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.9 And Olderhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html#accessing-the-annotations-dict-of-an-object-in-python-3-9-and-older
Manually Un-Stringizing Stringized Annotationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html#manually-un-stringizing-stringized-annotations
Best Practices For __annotations__ In Any Python Versionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html#best-practices-for-annotations-in-any-python-version
__annotations__ Quirkshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/annotations.html#annotations-quirks
Isolating Extension Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html
Who should read thishttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#who-should-read-this
Backgroundhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#background
Enter Per-Module Statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#enter-per-module-state
Isolated Module Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#isolated-module-objects
Surprising Edge Caseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#surprising-edge-cases
Making Modules Safe with Multiple Interpretershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#making-modules-safe-with-multiple-interpreters
Managing Global Statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#managing-global-state
Managing Per-Module Statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#managing-per-module-state
Opt-Out: Limiting to One Module Object per Processhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#opt-out-limiting-to-one-module-object-per-process
Module State Access from Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#module-state-access-from-functions
Heap Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#heap-types
Changing Static Types to Heap Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#changing-static-types-to-heap-types
Defining Heap Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#defining-heap-types
Garbage-Collection Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#garbage-collection-protocol
Module State Access from Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#module-state-access-from-classes
Module State Access from Regular Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#module-state-access-from-regular-methods
Module State Access from Slot Methods, Getters and Settershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#module-state-access-from-slot-methods-getters-and-setters
Lifetime of the Module Statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#lifetime-of-the-module-state
Open Issueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#open-issues
Per-Class Scopehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#per-class-scope
Lossless Conversion to Heap Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/howto/isolating-extensions.html#lossless-conversion-to-heap-types
----------------------https://python-sidebar.github.io/glossary.html
Installing Python Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html
Key termshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#key-terms
Basic usagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#basic-usage
How do I …?https://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#how-do-i
… install pip in versions of Python prior to Python 3.4?https://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#install-pip-in-versions-of-python-prior-to-python-3-4
… install packages just for the current user?https://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#install-packages-just-for-the-current-user
… install scientific Python packages?https://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#install-scientific-python-packages
… work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?https://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#work-with-multiple-versions-of-python-installed-in-parallel
Common installation issueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#common-installation-issues
Installing into the system Python on Linuxhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#installing-into-the-system-python-on-linux
Pip not installedhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#pip-not-installed
Installing binary extensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/installing/index.html#installing-binary-extensions
Installing Python Modules (Legacy version)https://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#introduction
Distutils based source distributionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#distutils-based-source-distributions
Standard Build and Installhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#standard-build-and-install
Platform variationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#platform-variations
Splitting the job uphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#splitting-the-job-up
How building workshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#how-building-works
How installation workshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#how-installation-works
Alternate Installationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#alternate-installation
Alternate installation: the user schemehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#alternate-installation-the-user-scheme
Alternate installation: the home schemehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#alternate-installation-the-home-scheme
Alternate installation: Unix (the prefix scheme)https://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#alternate-installation-unix-the-prefix-scheme
Alternate installation: Windows (the prefix scheme)https://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#alternate-installation-windows-the-prefix-scheme
Custom Installationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#custom-installation
Modifying Python’s Search Pathhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#modifying-python-s-search-path
Distutils Configuration Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#distutils-configuration-files
Location and names of config fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#location-and-names-of-config-files
Syntax of config fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#syntax-of-config-files
Building Extensions: Tips and Trickshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#building-extensions-tips-and-tricks
Tweaking compiler/linker flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#tweaking-compiler-linker-flags
Using non-Microsoft compilers on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#using-non-microsoft-compilers-on-windows
Borland/CodeGear C++https://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#borland-codegear-c
GNU C / Cygwin / MinGWhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#gnu-c-cygwin-mingw
Older Versions of Python and MinGWhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/install/index.html#older-versions-of-python-and-mingw
Distributing Python Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html
Key termshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#key-terms
Open source licensing and collaborationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#open-source-licensing-and-collaboration
Installing the toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#installing-the-tools
Reading the Python Packaging User Guidehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#reading-the-python-packaging-user-guide
How do I…?https://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#how-do-i
… choose a name for my project?https://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#choose-a-name-for-my-project
… create and distribute binary extensions?https://python-sidebar.github.io/distributing/index.html#create-and-distribute-binary-extensions
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/index.html
Recommended third party toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/index.html#recommended-third-party-tools
Creating extensions without third party toolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/index.html#creating-extensions-without-third-party-tools
1. Extending Python with C or C++https://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html
1.1. A Simple Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#a-simple-example
1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#intermezzo-errors-and-exceptions
1.3. Back to the Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#back-to-the-example
1.4. The Module’s Method Table and Initialization Functionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#the-module-s-method-table-and-initialization-function
1.5. Compilation and Linkagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#compilation-and-linkage
1.6. Calling Python Functions from Chttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#calling-python-functions-from-c
1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#extracting-parameters-in-extension-functions
1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#keyword-parameters-for-extension-functions
1.9. Building Arbitrary Valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#building-arbitrary-values
1.10. Reference Countshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#reference-counts
1.10.1. Reference Counting in Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#reference-counting-in-python
1.10.2. Ownership Ruleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#ownership-rules
1.10.3. Thin Icehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#thin-ice
1.10.4. NULL Pointershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#null-pointers
1.11. Writing Extensions in C++https://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#writing-extensions-in-c
1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Modulehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/extending.html#providing-a-c-api-for-an-extension-module
2. Defining Extension Types: Tutorialhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html
2.1. The Basicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#the-basics
2.2. Adding data and methods to the Basic examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#adding-data-and-methods-to-the-basic-example
2.3. Providing finer control over data attributeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#providing-finer-control-over-data-attributes
2.4. Supporting cyclic garbage collectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#supporting-cyclic-garbage-collection
2.5. Subclassing other typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#subclassing-other-types
3. Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topicshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html
3.1. Finalization and De-allocationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#finalization-and-de-allocation
3.2. Object Presentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#object-presentation
3.3. Attribute Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#attribute-management
3.3.1. Generic Attribute Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#generic-attribute-management
3.3.2. Type-specific Attribute Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#type-specific-attribute-management
3.4. Object Comparisonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#object-comparison
3.5. Abstract Protocol Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#abstract-protocol-support
3.6. Weak Reference Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#weak-reference-support
3.7. More Suggestionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/newtypes.html#more-suggestions
4. Building C and C++ Extensionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/building.html
4.1. Building C and C++ Extensions with setuptoolshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/building.html#building-c-and-c-extensions-with-setuptools
5. Building C and C++ Extensions on Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/windows.html
5.1. A Cookbook Approachhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/windows.html#a-cookbook-approach
5.2. Differences Between Unix and Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/windows.html#differences-between-unix-and-windows
5.3. Using DLLs in Practicehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/windows.html#using-dlls-in-practice
Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/index.html#embedding-the-cpython-runtime-in-a-larger-application
1. Embedding Python in Another Applicationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html
1.1. Very High Level Embeddinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding
1.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#beyond-very-high-level-embedding-an-overview
1.3. Pure Embeddinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#pure-embedding
1.4. Extending Embedded Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#extending-embedded-python
1.5. Embedding Python in C++https://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#embedding-python-in-c
1.6. Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systemshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/extending/embedding.html#compiling-and-linking-under-unix-like-systems
Python/C API Reference Manualhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/index.html
Introductionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html
Coding standardshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#coding-standards
Include Fileshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#include-files
Useful macroshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#useful-macros
Objects, Types and Reference Countshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#objects-types-and-reference-counts
Reference Countshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#reference-counts
Reference Count Detailshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#reference-count-details
Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#types
Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#exceptions
Embedding Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#embedding-python
Debugging Buildshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/intro.html#debugging-builds
C API Stabilityhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html
Stable Application Binary Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html#stable-application-binary-interface
Limited API Scope and Performancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html#limited-api-scope-and-performance
Limited API Caveatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html#limited-api-caveats
Platform Considerationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html#platform-considerations
Contents of Limited APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/stable.html#contents-of-limited-api
The Very High Level Layerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/veryhigh.html
Reference Countinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/refcounting.html
Exception Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html
Printing and clearinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#printing-and-clearing
Raising exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#raising-exceptions
Issuing warningshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#issuing-warnings
Querying the error indicatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#querying-the-error-indicator
Signal Handlinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#signal-handling
Exception Classeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#exception-classes
Exception Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#exception-objects
Unicode Exception Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#unicode-exception-objects
Recursion Controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#recursion-control
Standard Exceptionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#standard-exceptions
Standard Warning Categorieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/exceptions.html#standard-warning-categories
Utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/utilities.html
Operating System Utilitieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/sys.html
System Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/sys.html#system-functions
Process Controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/sys.html#process-control
Importing Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/import.html
Data marshalling supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/marshal.html
Parsing arguments and building valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html
Parsing argumentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#parsing-arguments
Strings and buffershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#strings-and-buffers
Numbershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#numbers
Other objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#other-objects
API Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#api-functions
Building valueshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/arg.html#building-values
String conversion and formattinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/conversion.html
Reflectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/reflection.html
Codec registry and support functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/codec.html
Codec lookup APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/codec.html#codec-lookup-api
Registry API for Unicode encoding error handlershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/codec.html#registry-api-for-unicode-encoding-error-handlers
Abstract Objects Layerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/abstract.html
Object Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/object.html
Call Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html
The tp_call Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#the-tp-call-protocol
The Vectorcall Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#the-vectorcall-protocol
Recursion Controlhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#recursion-control
Vectorcall Support APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#vectorcall-support-api
Object Calling APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#object-calling-api
Call Support APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/call.html#call-support-api
Number Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/number.html
Sequence Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/sequence.html
Mapping Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/mapping.html
Iterator Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/iter.html
Buffer Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html
Buffer structurehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#buffer-structure
Buffer request typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#buffer-request-types
request-independent fieldshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#request-independent-fields
readonly, formathttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#readonly-format
shape, strides, suboffsetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#shape-strides-suboffsets
contiguity requestshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#contiguity-requests
compound requestshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#compound-requests
Complex arrayshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#complex-arrays
NumPy-style: shape and strideshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#numpy-style-shape-and-strides
PIL-style: shape, strides and suboffsetshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#pil-style-shape-strides-and-suboffsets
Buffer-related functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/buffer.html#buffer-related-functions
Old Buffer Protocolhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/objbuffer.html
Concrete Objects Layerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html
Fundamental Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#fundamental-objects
Type Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/type.html
Creating Heap-Allocated Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/type.html#creating-heap-allocated-types
The None Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/none.html
Numeric Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#numeric-objects
Integer Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/long.html
Boolean Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bool.html
Floating Point Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/float.html
Pack and Unpack functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/float.html#pack-and-unpack-functions
Pack functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/float.html#pack-functions
Unpack functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/float.html#unpack-functions
Complex Number Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/complex.html
Complex Numbers as C Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/complex.html#complex-numbers-as-c-structures
Complex Numbers as Python Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/complex.html#complex-numbers-as-python-objects
Sequence Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#sequence-objects
Bytes Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bytes.html
Byte Array Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bytearray.html
Type check macroshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bytearray.html#type-check-macros
Direct API functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bytearray.html#direct-api-functions
Macroshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/bytearray.html#macros
Unicode Objects and Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html
Unicode Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#unicode-objects
Unicode Typehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#unicode-type
Unicode Character Propertieshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#unicode-character-properties
Creating and accessing Unicode stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#creating-and-accessing-unicode-strings
Locale Encodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#locale-encoding
File System Encodinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#file-system-encoding
wchar_t Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#wchar-t-support
Built-in Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#built-in-codecs
Generic Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#generic-codecs
UTF-8 Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#utf-8-codecs
UTF-32 Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#utf-32-codecs
UTF-16 Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#utf-16-codecs
UTF-7 Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#utf-7-codecs
Unicode-Escape Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#unicode-escape-codecs
Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#raw-unicode-escape-codecs
Latin-1 Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#latin-1-codecs
ASCII Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#ascii-codecs
Character Map Codecshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#character-map-codecs
MBCS codecs for Windowshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#mbcs-codecs-for-windows
Methods & Slotshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#methods-slots
Methods and Slot Functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/unicode.html#methods-and-slot-functions
Tuple Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/tuple.html
Struct Sequence Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/tuple.html#struct-sequence-objects
List Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/list.html
Container Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#container-objects
Dictionary Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/dict.html
Set Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/set.html
Function Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#function-objects
Function Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/function.html
Instance Method Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/method.html
Method Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/method.html#method-objects
Cell Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/cell.html
Code Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/code.html
Other Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/concrete.html#other-objects
File Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/file.html
Module Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html
Initializing C moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#initializing-c-modules
Single-phase initializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#single-phase-initialization
Multi-phase initializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#multi-phase-initialization
Low-level module creation functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#low-level-module-creation-functions
Support functionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#support-functions
Module lookuphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/module.html#module-lookup
Iterator Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/iterator.html
Descriptor Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/descriptor.html
Slice Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/slice.html
Ellipsis Objecthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/slice.html#ellipsis-object
MemoryView objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memoryview.html
Weak Reference Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/weakref.html
Capsuleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/capsule.html
Frame Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/frame.html
Generator Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/gen.html
Coroutine Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/coro.html
Context Variables Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/contextvars.html
DateTime Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/datetime.html
Objects for Type Hintinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typehints.html
Initialization, Finalization, and Threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html
Before Python Initializationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#before-python-initialization
Global configuration variableshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#global-configuration-variables
Initializing and finalizing the interpreterhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#initializing-and-finalizing-the-interpreter
Process-wide parametershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#process-wide-parameters
Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lockhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#thread-state-and-the-global-interpreter-lock
Releasing the GIL from extension codehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#releasing-the-gil-from-extension-code
Non-Python created threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#non-python-created-threads
Cautions about fork()https://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#cautions-about-fork
High-level APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#high-level-api
Low-level APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#low-level-api
Sub-interpreter supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support
Bugs and caveatshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#bugs-and-caveats
Asynchronous Notificationshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#asynchronous-notifications
Profiling and Tracinghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#profiling-and-tracing
Advanced Debugger Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#advanced-debugger-support
Thread Local Storage Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#thread-local-storage-support
Thread Specific Storage (TSS) APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#thread-specific-storage-tss-api
Dynamic Allocationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#dynamic-allocation
Methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#methods
Thread Local Storage (TLS) APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init.html#thread-local-storage-tls-api
Python Initialization Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html
Examplehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#example
PyWideStringListhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#pywidestringlist
PyStatushttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#pystatus
PyPreConfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#pypreconfig
Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#preinitialize-python-with-pypreconfig
PyConfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#pyconfig
Initialization with PyConfighttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#initialization-with-pyconfig
Isolated Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#isolated-configuration
Python Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#python-configuration
Python Path Configurationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#python-path-configuration
Py_RunMain()https://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#py-runmain
Py_GetArgcArgv()https://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#py-getargcargv
Multi-Phase Initialization Private Provisional APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/init_config.html#multi-phase-initialization-private-provisional-api
Memory Managementhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html
Overviewhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#overview
Allocator Domainshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#allocator-domains
Raw Memory Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#raw-memory-interface
Memory Interfacehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#memory-interface
Object allocatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#object-allocators
Default Memory Allocatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#default-memory-allocators
Customize Memory Allocatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#customize-memory-allocators
Debug hooks on the Python memory allocatorshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#debug-hooks-on-the-python-memory-allocators
The pymalloc allocatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#the-pymalloc-allocator
Customize pymalloc Arena Allocatorhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#customize-pymalloc-arena-allocator
tracemalloc C APIhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#tracemalloc-c-api
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/memory.html#examples
Object Implementation Supporthttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/objimpl.html
Allocating Objects on the Heaphttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/allocation.html
Common Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html
Base object types and macroshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#base-object-types-and-macros
Implementing functions and methodshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#implementing-functions-and-methods
Accessing attributes of extension typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#accessing-attributes-of-extension-types
Member flagshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#member-flags
Member typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#member-types
Defining Getters and Settershttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/structures.html#defining-getters-and-setters
Type Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html
Quick Referencehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#quick-reference
“tp slots”https://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#tp-slots
sub-slotshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#sub-slots
slot typedefshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#slot-typedefs
PyTypeObject Definitionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#pytypeobject-definition
PyObject Slotshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#pyobject-slots
PyVarObject Slotshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#pyvarobject-slots
PyTypeObject Slotshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#pytypeobject-slots
Static Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#static-types
Heap Typeshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#heap-types
Number Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#number-object-structures
Mapping Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#mapping-object-structures
Sequence Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#sequence-object-structures
Buffer Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#buffer-object-structures
Async Object Structureshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#async-object-structures
Slot Type typedefshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#slot-type-typedefs
Exampleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/typeobj.html#examples
Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collectionhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/gcsupport.html
Controlling the Garbage Collector Statehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/gcsupport.html#controlling-the-garbage-collector-state
API and ABI Versioninghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/c-api/apiabiversion.html
Python Frequently Asked Questionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/index.html
General Python FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/general.html
General Informationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/general.html#general-information
Python in the real worldhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/general.html#python-in-the-real-world
Programming FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html
General Questionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#general-questions
Core Languagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#core-language
Numbers and stringshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#numbers-and-strings
Performancehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#performance
Sequences (Tuples/Lists)https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#sequences-tuples-lists
Objectshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#objects
Moduleshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/programming.html#modules
Design and History FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html
Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-indentation-for-grouping-of-statements
Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-am-i-getting-strange-results-with-simple-arithmetic-operations
Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate
Why are Python strings immutable?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-are-python-strings-immutable
Why must ‘self’ be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls
Why can’t I use an assignment in an expression?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-can-t-i-use-an-assignment-in-an-expression
Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-methods-for-some-functionality-e-g-list-index-but-functions-for-other-e-g-len-list
Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-is-join-a-string-method-instead-of-a-list-or-tuple-method
How fast are exceptions?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#how-fast-are-exceptions
Why isn’t there a switch or case statement in Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python
Can’t you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#can-t-you-emulate-threads-in-the-interpreter-instead-of-relying-on-an-os-specific-thread-implementation
Why can’t lambda expressions contain statements?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-can-t-lambda-expressions-contain-statements
Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#can-python-be-compiled-to-machine-code-c-or-some-other-language
How does Python manage memory?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#how-does-python-manage-memory
Why doesn’t CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-cpython-use-a-more-traditional-garbage-collection-scheme
Why isn’t all memory freed when CPython exits?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-all-memory-freed-when-cpython-exits
Why are there separate tuple and list data types?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-are-there-separate-tuple-and-list-data-types
How are lists implemented in CPython?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#how-are-lists-implemented-in-cpython
How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#how-are-dictionaries-implemented-in-cpython
Why must dictionary keys be immutable?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-must-dictionary-keys-be-immutable
Why doesn’t list.sort() return the sorted list?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#how-do-you-specify-and-enforce-an-interface-spec-in-python
Why is there no goto?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-is-there-no-goto
Why can’t raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-can-t-raw-strings-r-strings-end-with-a-backslash
Why doesn’t Python have a “with” statement for attribute assignments?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-python-have-a-with-statement-for-attribute-assignments
Why don’t generators support the with statement?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-don-t-generators-support-the-with-statement
Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-are-colons-required-for-the-if-while-def-class-statements
Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/design.html#why-does-python-allow-commas-at-the-end-of-lists-and-tuples
Library and Extension FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html
General Library Questionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#general-library-questions
Common taskshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#common-tasks
Threadshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#threads
Input and Outputhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#input-and-output
Network/Internet Programminghttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#network-internet-programming
Databaseshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#databases
Mathematics and Numericshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/library.html#mathematics-and-numerics
Extending/Embedding FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html
Can I create my own functions in C?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#can-i-create-my-own-functions-in-c
Can I create my own functions in C++?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#id1
Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#writing-c-is-hard-are-there-any-alternatives
How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-can-i-execute-arbitrary-python-statements-from-c
How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-can-i-evaluate-an-arbitrary-python-expression-from-c
How do I extract C values from a Python object?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-extract-c-values-from-a-python-object
How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-use-py-buildvalue-to-create-a-tuple-of-arbitrary-length
How do I call an object’s method from C?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-call-an-object-s-method-from-c
How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-catch-the-output-from-pyerr-print-or-anything-that-prints-to-stdout-stderr
How do I access a module written in Python from C?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-access-a-module-written-in-python-from-c
How do I interface to C++ objects from Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-interface-to-c-objects-from-python
I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#i-added-a-module-using-the-setup-file-and-the-make-fails-why
How do I debug an extension?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-debug-an-extension
I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#i-want-to-compile-a-python-module-on-my-linux-system-but-some-files-are-missing-why
How do I tell “incomplete input” from “invalid input”?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-tell-incomplete-input-from-invalid-input
How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#how-do-i-find-undefined-g-symbols-builtin-new-or-pure-virtual
Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/extending.html#can-i-create-an-object-class-with-some-methods-implemented-in-c-and-others-in-python-e-g-through-inheritance
Python on Windows FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html
How do I run a Python program under Windows?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-run-a-python-program-under-windows
How do I make Python scripts executable?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-make-python-scripts-executable
Why does Python sometimes take so long to start?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#why-does-python-sometimes-take-so-long-to-start
How do I make an executable from a Python script?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-make-an-executable-from-a-python-script
Is a *.pyd file the same as a DLL?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#is-a-pyd-file-the-same-as-a-dll
How can I embed Python into a Windows application?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-can-i-embed-python-into-a-windows-application
How do I keep editors from inserting tabs into my Python source?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-keep-editors-from-inserting-tabs-into-my-python-source
How do I check for a keypress without blocking?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-check-for-a-keypress-without-blocking
How do I solve the missing api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll error?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/windows.html#how-do-i-solve-the-missing-api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0-dll-error
Graphic User Interface FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/gui.html
General GUI Questionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/gui.html#general-gui-questions
What GUI toolkits exist for Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/gui.html#what-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python
Tkinter questionshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/gui.html#tkinter-questions
“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/installed.html
What is Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/installed.html#what-is-python
Why is Python installed on my machine?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/installed.html#why-is-python-installed-on-my-machine
Can I delete Python?https://python-sidebar.github.io/faq/installed.html#can-i-delete-python
----------------------https://python-sidebar.github.io/glossary.html
Python Module Indexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/py-modindex.html
General Indexhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/genindex.html
Search pagehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/search.html
Complete TOChttps://python-sidebar.github.io/contents.html
Glossaryhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/glossary.html
----------------------https://python-sidebar.github.io/glossary.html
About these documentshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/about.html
Contributors to the Python Documentationhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/about.html#contributors-to-the-python-documentation
Contributing to Docshttps://devguide.python.org/documentation/help-documenting/index.html#helping-with-documentation
Dealing with Bugshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/bugs.html
Documentation bugshttps://python-sidebar.github.io/bugs.html#documentation-bugs
Using the Python issue trackerhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/bugs.html#using-the-python-issue-tracker
Getting started contributing to Python yourselfhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/bugs.html#getting-started-contributing-to-python-yourself
History and Licensehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/license.html
History of the softwarehttps://python-sidebar.github.io/license.html#history-of-the-software
Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Pythonhttps://python-sidebar.github.io/license.html#terms-and-conditions-for-accessing-or-otherwise-using-python
PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 3.12.0a5https://python-sidebar.github.io/license.html#psf-license-agreement-for-python-release
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