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Title: Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility — Python-Future documentation

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Domain: python-future.org

Links:

indexhttps://python-future.org/genindex.html
moduleshttps://python-future.org/py-modindex.html
nexthttps://python-future.org/whatsnew.html
Python-Future documentationhttps://python-future.org/index.html
Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibilityhttps://python-future.org/index.html
https://python-future.org/index.html#easy-clean-reliable-python-2-3-compatibility
https://python-future.org/index.html#contents
What’s Newhttps://python-future.org/whatsnew.html
What’s new in version 1.0.0 (2024-02-21)https://python-future.org/whatsnew.html#what-s-new-in-version-1-0-0-2024-02-21
Previous versionshttps://python-future.org/whatsnew.html#previous-versions
Overview: Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibilityhttps://python-future.org/overview.html
Statushttps://python-future.org/overview.html#status
Featureshttps://python-future.org/overview.html#features
Code exampleshttps://python-future.org/overview.html#code-examples
Automatic conversion to Py2/3-compatible codehttps://python-future.org/overview.html#automatic-conversion-to-py2-3-compatible-code
Futurize: 2 to bothhttps://python-future.org/overview.html#futurize-2-to-both
Automatic translationhttps://python-future.org/overview.html#automatic-translation
Pre-commit hookshttps://python-future.org/overview.html#pre-commit-hooks
Licensinghttps://python-future.org/overview.html#licensing
Docshttps://python-future.org/overview.html#docs
Next stepshttps://python-future.org/overview.html#next-steps
Quick-start guidehttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html
Installationhttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#installation
If you are writing code from scratchhttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#if-you-are-writing-code-from-scratch
To convert existing Python 3 codehttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#to-convert-existing-python-3-code
To convert existing Python 2 codehttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#to-convert-existing-python-2-code
Standard library reorganizationhttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#standard-library-reorganization
Python 2-only dependencieshttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#python-2-only-dependencies
Next stepshttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html#next-steps
Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible codehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
Setuphttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#setup
Essential syntax differenceshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#essential-syntax-differences
printhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#print
Raising exceptionshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#raising-exceptions
Catching exceptionshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#catching-exceptions
Divisionhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#division
Long integershttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#long-integers
Octal constantshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#octal-constants
Backtick reprhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#backtick-repr
Metaclasseshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#metaclasses
Strings and byteshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#strings-and-bytes
Unicode (text) string literalshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#unicode-text-string-literals
Byte-string literalshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#byte-string-literals
basestringhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#basestring
unicodehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#unicode
StringIOhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#stringio
Imports relative to a packagehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#imports-relative-to-a-package
Dictionarieshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#dictionaries
Iterating through dict keys/values/itemshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#iterating-through-dict-keys-values-items
dict keys/values/items as a listhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#dict-keys-values-items-as-a-list
Custom class behaviourhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#custom-class-behaviour
Custom iteratorshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#custom-iterators
Custom __str__ methodshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#custom-str-methods
Custom __nonzero__ vs __bool__ method:https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#custom-nonzero-vs-bool-method
Lists versus iteratorshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#lists-versus-iterators
xrangehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#xrange
rangehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#range
maphttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#map
imaphttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#imap
zip, iziphttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#zip-izip
filter, ifilterhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#filter-ifilter
Other builtinshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#other-builtins
File IO with open()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#file-io-with-open
reduce()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#reduce
raw_input()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#raw-input
input()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#input
file()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#file
exechttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#exec
execfile()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#execfile
unichr()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#unichr
intern()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#intern
apply()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#apply
chr()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#chr
cmp()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#cmp
reload()https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#reload
Standard libraryhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#standard-library
dbm moduleshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#dbm-modules
commands / subprocess moduleshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#commands-subprocess-modules
StringIO modulehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#stringio-module
http modulehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#http-module
xmlrpc modulehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#xmlrpc-module
html escaping and entitieshttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#html-escaping-and-entities
html parsinghttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#html-parsing
urllib modulehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#urllib-module
Tkinterhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#tkinter
socketserverhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#socketserver
copy_reg, copyreghttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#copy-reg-copyreg
configparserhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#configparser
queuehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#queue
repr, reprlibhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#repr-reprlib
UserDict, UserList, UserStringhttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#userdict-userlist-userstring
itertools: filterfalse, zip_longesthttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html#itertools-filterfalse-zip-longest
Importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html
__future__ importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#future-imports
Imports of builtinshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#imports-of-builtins
Implicit importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#implicit-imports
Explicit importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#explicit-imports
Standard library importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#standard-library-imports
Direct importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#direct-imports
Aliased importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#aliased-imports
External standard-library backportshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#external-standard-library-backports
Included full backportshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#included-full-backports
Using Python 2-only dependencies on Python 3https://python-future.org/imports.html#using-python-2-only-dependencies-on-python-3
Should I import unicode_literals?https://python-future.org/imports.html#should-i-import-unicode-literals
Benefitshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#benefits
Drawbackshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#drawbacks
Others’ perspectiveshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#others-perspectives
Next stepshttps://python-future.org/imports.html#next-steps
What else you need to knowhttps://python-future.org/what_else.html
byteshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#bytes
strhttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#str
dicthttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#dict
Memory-efficiency and alternativeshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#memory-efficiency-and-alternatives
inthttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#int
isinstancehttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#isinstance
Passing data to/from Python 2 librarieshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#passing-data-to-from-python-2-libraries
Native string typehttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#native-string-type
open()https://python-future.org/what_else.html#open
Custom __str__ methodshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#custom-str-methods
Custom iteratorshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#custom-iterators
Binding a method to a classhttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#binding-a-method-to-a-class
Metaclasseshttps://python-future.org/what_else.html#metaclasses
Automatic conversion to Py2/3https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
futurize: Py2 to Py2/3https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#futurize-py2-to-py2-3
Stage 1: “safe” fixeshttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#stage-1-safe-fixes
Stage 2: Py3-style code with wrappers for Py2https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#stage-2-py3-style-code-with-wrappers-for-py2
Separating text from byteshttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#separating-text-from-bytes
Post-conversionhttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#post-conversion
futurize quick-start guidehttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#futurize-quick-start-guide
Step 0: setuphttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#step-0-setup
Step 1: modern Py2 codehttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#step-1-modern-py2-code
Step 2: working Py3 code that still supports Py2https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#step-2-working-py3-code-that-still-supports-py2
pasteurize: Py3 to Py2/3https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#pasteurize-py3-to-py2-3
Known limitationshttps://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html#known-limitations
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)https://python-future.org/faq.html
Who is this for?https://python-future.org/faq.html#who-is-this-for
Why upgrade to Python 3?https://python-future.org/faq.html#why-upgrade-to-python-3
Porting philosophyhttps://python-future.org/faq.html#porting-philosophy
Why write Python 3-style code?https://python-future.org/faq.html#why-write-python-3-style-code
Can’t I just roll my own Py2/3 compatibility layer?https://python-future.org/faq.html#can-t-i-just-roll-my-own-py2-3-compatibility-layer
What inspired this project?https://python-future.org/faq.html#what-inspired-this-project
Maturityhttps://python-future.org/faq.html#maturity
How well has it been tested?https://python-future.org/faq.html#how-well-has-it-been-tested
Is the API stable?https://python-future.org/faq.html#is-the-api-stable
Relationship between python-future and other compatibility toolshttps://python-future.org/faq.html#relationship-between-python-future-and-other-compatibility-tools
How does this relate to 2to3?https://python-future.org/faq.html#how-does-this-relate-to-2to3
Can I maintain a Python 2 codebase and use 2to3 to automatically convert to Python 3 in the setup script?https://python-future.org/faq.html#can-i-maintain-a-python-2-codebase-and-use-2to3-to-automatically-convert-to-python-3-in-the-setup-script
What is the relationship between future and six?https://python-future.org/faq.html#what-is-the-relationship-between-future-and-six
What is the relationship between python-future and python-modernize?https://python-future.org/faq.html#what-is-the-relationship-between-python-future-and-python-modernize
Platform and version supporthttps://python-future.org/faq.html#platform-and-version-support
Which versions of Python does python-future support?https://python-future.org/faq.html#which-versions-of-python-does-python-future-support
Supporthttps://python-future.org/faq.html#support
Is there a mailing list?https://python-future.org/faq.html#is-there-a-mailing-list
Contributinghttps://python-future.org/faq.html#contributing
Can I help?https://python-future.org/faq.html#can-i-help
Where is the repo?https://python-future.org/faq.html#where-is-the-repo
Standard library incompatibilitieshttps://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html
array.array()https://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html#array-array
array.array.read()https://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html#array-array-read
base64.decodebytes() and base64.encodebytes()https://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html#base64-decodebytes-and-base64-encodebytes
re.ASCIIhttps://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html#re-ascii
struct.pack()https://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html#struct-pack
Older interfaceshttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html
future.moves interfacehttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html#future-moves-interface
Comparing future.moves and six.moveshttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html#comparing-future-moves-and-six-moves
import_ and from_import functionshttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html#import-and-from-import-functions
Context-manager for import hookshttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html#context-manager-for-import-hooks
install_hooks() call (deprecated)https://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html#install-hooks-call-deprecated
Changes in previous versionshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html
Changes in version 0.18.3 (2023-01-13)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-18-3-2023-01-13
Changes in version 0.18.2 (2019-10-30)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-18-2-2019-10-30
Changes in version 0.18.1 (2019-10-09)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-18-1-2019-10-09
Changes in version 0.18.0 (2019-10-09)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-18-0-2019-10-09
Changes in version 0.17.1 (2018-10-30)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-17-1-2018-10-30
Changes in version 0.17.0 (2018-10-19)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-17-0-2018-10-19
Changes in version 0.16.0 (2016-10-27)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-16-0-2016-10-27
Changes in version 0.15.2 (2015-09-11)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-15-2-2015-09-11
Changes in version 0.15.1 (2015-09-09)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-15-1-2015-09-09
Changes in version 0.15.0 (2015-07-25)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-15-0-2015-07-25
Changes in version 0.14.3 (2014-12-15)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-14-3-2014-12-15
Changes in version 0.14.2 (2014-11-21)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-14-2-2014-11-21
Changes in version 0.14.1 (2014-10-02)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-14-1-2014-10-02
Changes in version 0.14.0 (2014-10-02)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-14-0-2014-10-02
Bug fixeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#bug-fixes
Internal cleanupshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#internal-cleanups
Deprecationshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#deprecations
Changes in version 0.13.1 (2014-09-23)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-13-1-2014-09-23
Changes in version 0.13.0 (2014-08-13)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-13-0-2014-08-13
Deprecationshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#id1
New featureshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#new-features
Bug fixeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#id2
Changes in version 0.12.4 (2014-07-18)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-12-4-2014-07-18
Changes in version 0.12.3 (2014-06-19)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-12-3-2014-06-19
Changes in version 0.12.2 (2014-05-25)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-12-2-2014-05-25
Changes in version 0.12.1 (2014-05-14)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-12-1-2014-05-14
Changes in version 0.12.0 (2014-05-06)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-12-0-2014-05-06
More robust standard-library import hookshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#more-robust-standard-library-import-hooks
newobject base object defines fallback Py2-compatible special methodshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#newobject-base-object-defines-fallback-py2-compatible-special-methods
past.builtins module improvedhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#past-builtins-module-improved
surrogateescape error handlerhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#surrogateescape-error-handler
newlist typehttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#newlist-type
listvalues and listitemshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#listvalues-and-listitems
Testshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#tests
Refactoring of future.standard_library.* -> future.backportshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#refactoring-of-future-standard-library-future-backports
Backported http.server and urllib moduleshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#backported-http-server-and-urllib-modules
Internal refactoringhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#internal-refactoring
Bug fixeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#id3
Changes in version 0.11.4 (2014-05-25)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-11-4-2014-05-25
Changes in version 0.11.3 (2014-02-27)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-11-3-2014-02-27
Improved compatibility with requestshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#improved-compatibility-with-requests
Conversion scripts explicitly install import hookshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#conversion-scripts-explicitly-install-import-hooks
futurize script no longer adds unicode_literals by defaulthttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#futurize-script-no-longer-adds-unicode-literals-by-default
Changes in version 0.11 (2014-01-28)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-11-2014-01-28
past packagehttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#past-package
Auto-translation of Python 2 modules upon importhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#auto-translation-of-python-2-modules-upon-import
Separate pasteurize scripthttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#separate-pasteurize-script
pow()https://python-future.org/changelog.html#pow
input() no longer disabled globally on Py2https://python-future.org/changelog.html#input-no-longer-disabled-globally-on-py2
Deprecated feature: auto-installation of standard-library import hookshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#deprecated-feature-auto-installation-of-standard-library-import-hooks
Internal changeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#internal-changes
Changes in version 0.10.2 (2014-01-11)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-10-2-2014-01-11
New context-manager interface to standard_library.hookshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#new-context-manager-interface-to-standard-library-hooks
Changes in version 0.10.0 (2013-12-02)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-10-0-2013-12-02
Backported dict typehttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#backported-dict-type
Utility functions raise_ and exec_https://python-future.org/changelog.html#utility-functions-raise-and-exec
Bugfixeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#bugfixes
Changes in version 0.9 (2013-11-06)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-9-2013-11-06
isinstance checks are supported natively with backported typeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#isinstance-checks-are-supported-natively-with-backported-types
futurize: minimal imports by defaulthttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#futurize-minimal-imports-by-default
Looser type-checking for the backported str objecthttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#looser-type-checking-for-the-backported-str-object
suspend_hooks() context manager added to future.standard_libraryhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#suspend-hooks-context-manager-added-to-future-standard-library
Changes in version 0.8 (2013-10-28)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#changes-in-version-0-8-2013-10-28
Python 2.6 supporthttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#python-2-6-support
Unused modules removedhttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#unused-modules-removed
isinstance() added to future.builtins (v0.8.2)https://python-future.org/changelog.html#isinstance-added-to-future-builtins-v0-8-2
Summary of all changeshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html#summary-of-all-changes
Licensing and creditshttps://python-future.org/credits.html
Licencehttps://python-future.org/credits.html#licence
Sponsorshttps://python-future.org/credits.html#sponsors
Authorhttps://python-future.org/credits.html#author
Maintainershttps://python-future.org/credits.html#maintainers
Contributorshttps://python-future.org/credits.html#contributors
Suggestions and Feedbackhttps://python-future.org/credits.html#suggestions-and-feedback
Other Creditshttps://python-future.org/credits.html#other-credits
API Reference (in progress)https://python-future.org/reference.html
future.builtins Interfacehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#module-future.builtins
Backported types from Python 3https://python-future.org/reference.html#module-future.types
For more information:https://python-future.org/reference.html#for-more-information
range()https://python-future.org/reference.html#range
super()https://python-future.org/reference.html#super
round()https://python-future.org/reference.html#round
future.standard_library Interfacehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#module-future.standard_library
Limitationshttps://python-future.org/reference.html#limitations
RenameImporthttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.RenameImport
cache_py2_modules()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.cache_py2_modules
detect_hooks()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.detect_hooks
disable_hooks()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.disable_hooks
enable_hooks()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.enable_hooks
exclude_local_folder_importshttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.exclude_local_folder_imports
from_import()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.from_import
hookshttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.hooks
import_()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.import_
install_aliases()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.install_aliases
install_hooks()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.install_hooks
is_py2_stdlib_module()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.is_py2_stdlib_module
remove_hooks()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.remove_hooks
restore_sys_modules()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.restore_sys_modules
scrub_future_sys_modules()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules
scrub_py2_sys_modules()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.scrub_py2_sys_modules
suspend_hookshttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.standard_library.suspend_hooks
future.utils Interfacehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#module-future.utils
as_native_str()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.as_native_str
binary_typehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.binary_type
bind_method()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.bind_method
exec_()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.exec_
implements_iterator()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.implements_iterator
is_new_style()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.is_new_style
isbytes()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.isbytes
isidentifier()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.isidentifier
isint()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.isint
isnewbytes()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.isnewbytes
istext()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.istext
iteritems()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.iteritems
iterkeys()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.iterkeys
itervalues()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.itervalues
native()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.native
native_byteshttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.native_bytes
native_strhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.native_str
native_str_to_bytes()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.native_str_to_bytes
old_div()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.old_div
python_2_unicode_compatible()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.python_2_unicode_compatible
raise_()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.raise_
raise_with_traceback()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.raise_with_traceback
reraise()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.reraise
text_typehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.text_type
tobytes()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.tobytes
viewitems()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.viewitems
viewkeys()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.viewkeys
viewvalues()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.viewvalues
with_metaclass()https://python-future.org/reference.html#future.utils.with_metaclass
past.builtins Interfacehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#module-past.builtins
basestringhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.basestring
chr()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.chr
cmp()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.cmp
dicthttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.dict
execfile()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.execfile
filter()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.filter
intern()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.intern
longhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.long
map()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.map
raw_input()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.raw_input
reduce()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.reduce
reload()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.reload
strhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.str
unichr()https://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.unichr
unicodehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.unicode
xrangehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.builtins.xrange
Forward-ported types from Python 2https://python-future.org/reference.html#module-past.types
basestringhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.types.basestring
longhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.types.long
olddicthttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.types.olddict
oldstrhttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.types.oldstr
unicodehttps://python-future.org/reference.html#past.types.unicode
https://python-future.org/index.html#indices-and-tables
Indexhttps://python-future.org/genindex.html
Module Indexhttps://python-future.org/py-modindex.html
Search Pagehttps://python-future.org/search.html
https://python-future.org/index.html
Table of Contentshttps://python-future.org/#contents
What’s Newhttps://python-future.org/whatsnew.html
Overview: Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibilityhttps://python-future.org/overview.html
Quick-start guidehttps://python-future.org/quickstart.html
Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible codehttps://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
Importshttps://python-future.org/imports.html
What else you need to knowhttps://python-future.org/what_else.html
Automatic conversion to Py2/3https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)https://python-future.org/faq.html
Standard library incompatibilitieshttps://python-future.org/stdlib_incompatibilities.html
Older interfaceshttps://python-future.org/older_interfaces.html
Changes in previous versionshttps://python-future.org/changelog.html
Licensing and creditshttps://python-future.org/credits.html
API Reference (in progress)https://python-future.org/reference.html

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