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Title: GitHub - artemzi/wtfpython: A collection of interesting, subtle, and tricky Python snippets.

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Description: A collection of interesting, subtle, and tricky Python snippets. - artemzi/wtfpython

Open Graph Description: A collection of interesting, subtle, and tricky Python snippets. - artemzi/wtfpython

X Description: A collection of interesting, subtle, and tricky Python snippets. - artemzi/wtfpython

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	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-what-the-fck-python--
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	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#table-of-contents
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Some fancy Title	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#some-fancy-title
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation
Usage	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#usage
👀 Examples	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-examples
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💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation
Well, something is fishy...	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#well-something-is-fishy
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-1
Time for some hash brownies!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#time-for-some-hash-brownies
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-2
Evaluation time discrepancy	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#evaluation-time-discrepancy
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-3
Modifying a dictionary while iterating over it	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#modifying-a-dictionary-while-iterating-over-it
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-1
Deleting a list item while iterating over it	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#deleting-a-list-item-while-iterating-over-it
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-2
Backslashes at the end of string	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#backslashes-at-the-end-of-string
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-4
Let's make a giant string!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#lets-make-a-giant-string
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-5
String concatenation interpreter optimizations.	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#string-concatenation-interpreter-optimizations
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-3
Yes, it exists!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#yes-it-exists
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-4
is is not what it is!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#is-is-not-what-it-is
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-5
is not ... is not is (not ...)	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#is-not--is-not-is-not-
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-6
The function inside loop sticks to the same output	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-function-inside-loop-sticks-to-the-same-output
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-7
Loop variables leaking out of local scope!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#loop-variables-leaking-out-of-local-scope
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-6
A tic-tac-toe where X wins in the first attempt!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#a-tic-tac-toe-where-x-wins-in-the-first-attempt
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-7
Beware of default mutable arguments!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#beware-of-default-mutable-arguments
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-8
Same operands, different story!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#same-operands-different-story
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-9
Mutating the immutable!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#mutating-the-immutable
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-10
Using a variable not defined in scope	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#using-a-variable-not-defined-in-scope
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-11
The disappearing variable from outer scope	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-disappearing-variable-from-outer-scope
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-12
Return return everywhere!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#return-return-everywhere
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-13
When True is actually False	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#when-true-is-actually-false
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-14
Be careful with chained operations	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#be-careful-with-chained-operations
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-15
Name resolution ignoring class scope	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#name-resolution-ignoring-class-scope
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-8
From filled to None in one instruction...	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#from-filled-to-none-in-one-instruction
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-9
Explicit typecast of strings	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#explicit-typecast-of-strings
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-16
Class attributes and instance attributes	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#class-attributes-and-instance-attributes
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-17
Catching the Exceptions!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#catching-the-exceptions
💡 Explanation	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-10
Midnight time doesn't exist?	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#midnight-time-doesnt-exist
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-18
What's wrong with booleans?	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#whats-wrong-with-booleans
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-19
Needle in a Haystack	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#needle-in-a-haystack
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-20
The surprising comma	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-surprising-comma
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-21
For what?	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#for-what
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-22
not knot!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#not-knot
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-23
Let's see if you can guess this?	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#lets-see-if-you-can-guess-this
💡 Explanation:	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-24
Minor Ones	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#minor-ones
TODO: Hell of an example!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#todo-hell-of-an-example
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Acknowledgements	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#acknowledgements
Some nice Links!	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#some-nice-links
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	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#structure-of-the-examples
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#some-fancy-title
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#usage
here	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-examples
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#skipping-lines
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-1
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	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-2
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#time-for-some-hash-brownies
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-3
answer	https://stackoverflow.com/a/32211042/4354153
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#evaluation-time-discrepancy
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-4
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	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#modifying-a-dictionary-while-iterating-over-it
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-5
thread	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44763802/bug-in-python-dict
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#deleting-a-list-item-while-iterating-over-it
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-6
thread	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45877614/how-to-change-all-the-dictionary-keys-in-a-for-loop-with-d-items
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#backslashes-at-the-end-of-string
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-7
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#lets-make-a-giant-string
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-8
timeit	https://docs.python.org/3/library/timeit.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#string-concatenation-interpreter-optimizations
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-9
here	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24245324/about-the-changing-id-of-an-immutable-string
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#yes-it-exists
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-10
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#is-is-not-what-it-is
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-11
https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html	https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#is-not--is-not-is-not-
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-12
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-function-inside-loop-sticks-to-the-same-output
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-13
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#loop-variables-leaking-out-of-local-scope
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-14
What’s New In Python 3.0	https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#a-tic-tac-toe-where-x-wins-in-the-first-attempt
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-15
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython/blob/master/images/tic-tac-toe/after_row_initialized.png
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython/blob/master/images/tic-tac-toe/after_board_initialized.png
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#beware-of-default-mutable-arguments
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-16
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#same-operands-different-story
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-17
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#mutating-the-immutable
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-18
https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html	https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#using-a-variable-not-defined-in-scope
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-19
this	http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2014_python_scope_and_namespaces.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-disappearing-variable-from-outer-scope
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-20
https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#except	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#except
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#return-return-everywhere
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-21
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#when-true-is-actually-false
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-22
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#be-careful-with-chained-operations
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-23
https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#not-in	https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#not-in
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#name-resolution-ignoring-class-scope
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-24
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#from-filled-to-none-in-one-instruction
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-25
here	http://docs.python.org/2/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#explicit-typecast-of-strings
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-26
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#class-attributes-and-instance-attributes
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-27
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#catching-the-exceptions
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-28
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#midnight-time-doesnt-exist
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-29
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#whats-wrong-with-booleans
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-30
answer	https://stackoverflow.com/a/8169049/4354153
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#needle-in-a-haystack
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-31
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#the-surprising-comma
this	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython/issues/1
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-32
fixed in Python 3.6	https://bugs.python.org/issue9232
this	https://bugs.python.org/issue9232#msg248399
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#for-what
this	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/issues/23
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-33
Python grammar	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/grammar.html
this	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython/issues/11
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#not-knot
this	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython/issues/1
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-34
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#lets-see-if-you-can-guess-this
this	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython/issues/9
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-explanation-35
Python language reference	https://docs.python.org/2/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#minor-ones
sequences	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-sequence
thread	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3654830/why-are-there-no-and-operators-in-python
Global Interpreter Lock	https://wiki.python.org/moin/GlobalInterpreterLock
multiprocessing	https://docs.python.org/2/library/multiprocessing.html
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#todo-hell-of-an-example
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#contributing
issue	https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfPython
CONTRIBUTING.md	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#acknowledgements
wtfjs	https://github.com/denysdovhan/wtfjs
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#some-nice-links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH4XF6pKKmk	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH4XF6pKKmk
https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/3cu6ej/what_are_some_wtf_things_about_python	https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/3cu6ej/what_are_some_wtf_things_about_python
https://sopython.com/wiki/Common_Gotchas_In_Python	https://sopython.com/wiki/Common_Gotchas_In_Python
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/530530/python-2-x-gotchas-and-landmines	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/530530/python-2-x-gotchas-and-landmines
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1011431/common-pitfalls-in-python	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1011431/common-pitfalls-in-python
	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#-license
	http://www.wtfpl.net
Satwik Kansal	https://satwikkansal.xyz
bit.ly/wtfpython	https://bit.ly/wtfpython
Readme	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#readme-ov-file
WTFPL license	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#WTFPL-1-ov-file
Contributing	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython#contributing-ov-file
Please reload this page	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython
Activity	https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/artemzi/wtfpython/activity
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