René's URL Explorer Experiment

Title: Version specifiers - Python Packaging User Guide

color-scheme	light dark
readthedocs-project-slug	python-packaging-user-guide
readthedocs-version-slug	latest
readthedocs-resolver-filename	/specifications/version-specifiers/
readthedocs-http-status	200

Links:

Skip to content	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#furo-main-content
Python Packaging User Guide	https://packaging.python.org/
Python Packaging User Guide	https://packaging.python.org/
Overview of Python Packaging	https://packaging.python.org/overview/
The Packaging Flow	https://packaging.python.org/flow/
Tutorials	https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/
Installing Packages	https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/
Managing Application Dependencies	https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/managing-dependencies/
Packaging Python Projects	https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/packaging-projects/
Guides	https://packaging.python.org/guides/
Installation	https://packaging.python.org/guides/section-install/
Install packages in a virtual environment using pip and venv	https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/
Installing packages using virtualenv	https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-virtualenv/
Installing stand alone command line tools	https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-stand-alone-command-line-tools/
Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers	https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-linux-tools/
Installing scientific packages	https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-scientific-packages/
Building and Publishing	https://packaging.python.org/guides/section-build-and-publish/
Writing your pyproject.toml	https://packaging.python.org/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/
Packaging and distributing projects	https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/
Dropping support for older Python versions	https://packaging.python.org/guides/dropping-older-python-versions/
Packaging binary extensions	https://packaging.python.org/guides/packaging-binary-extensions/
Packaging namespace packages	https://packaging.python.org/guides/packaging-namespace-packages/
Creating and packaging command-line tools	https://packaging.python.org/guides/creating-command-line-tools/
Creating and discovering plugins	https://packaging.python.org/guides/creating-and-discovering-plugins/
Using TestPyPI	https://packaging.python.org/guides/using-testpypi/
Making a PyPI-friendly README	https://packaging.python.org/guides/making-a-pypi-friendly-readme/
Publishing package distribution releases using GitHub Actions CI/CD workflows	https://packaging.python.org/guides/publishing-package-distribution-releases-using-github-actions-ci-cd-workflows/
How to modernize a setup.py based project?	https://packaging.python.org/guides/modernize-setup-py-project/
Licensing examples and user scenarios	https://packaging.python.org/guides/licensing-examples-and-user-scenarios/
Hosting	https://packaging.python.org/guides/section-hosting/
Package index mirrors and caches	https://packaging.python.org/guides/index-mirrors-and-caches/
Hosting your own simple repository	https://packaging.python.org/guides/hosting-your-own-index/
Tool recommendations	https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/
Analyzing PyPI package downloads	https://packaging.python.org/guides/analyzing-pypi-package-downloads/
Discussions	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/
Versioning	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/versioning/
Deploying Python applications	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/deploying-python-applications/
pip vs easy_install	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/pip-vs-easy-install/
install_requires vs requirements files	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/install-requires-vs-requirements/
Distribution package vs. import package	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/distribution-package-vs-import-package/
Package Formats	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/package-formats/
src layout vs flat layout	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/src-layout-vs-flat-layout/
Is setup.py deprecated?	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/setup-py-deprecated/
Single-sourcing the Project Version	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/single-source-version/
Supporting downstream packaging	https://packaging.python.org/discussions/downstream-packaging/
PyPA specifications	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/
Package Distribution Metadata	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-distribution-metadata/
Names and normalization	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/name-normalization/
Core metadata specifications	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/
Version specifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/
Dependency specifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/dependency-specifiers/
pyproject.toml specification	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/pyproject-toml/
Dependency Groups	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/dependency-groups/
Inline script metadata	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/inline-script-metadata/
Platform compatibility tags	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/platform-compatibility-tags/
Well-known Project URLs in Metadata	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/well-known-project-urls/
glob patterns	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/glob-patterns/
License Expression	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/license-expression/
Package Installation Metadata	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-installation-metadata/
Recording installed projects	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/recording-installed-packages/
Entry points specification	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/entry-points/
Recording the Direct URL Origin of installed distributions	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/direct-url/
Direct URL Data Structure	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/direct-url-data-structure/
Python Virtual Environments	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/virtual-environments/
Externally Managed Environments	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/externally-managed-environments/
Package Distribution File Formats	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-distribution-formats/
Source distribution format	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/source-distribution-format/
Binary distribution format	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/binary-distribution-format/
Package Index Interfaces	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-package-indices/
The .pypirc file	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/pypirc/
Simple repository API	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/simple-repository-api/
File Yanking	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/file-yanking/
Index hosted attestations	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/index-hosted-attestations/
Project Status Markers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/project-status-markers/
Python Description Formats	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-python-description-formats/
build-details.json	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/build-details/
v1.0	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/build-details/v1.0/
Reproducible Environments	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/section-reproducible-environments/
pylock.toml Specification	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/pylock-toml/
PyPA schemas	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/schemas/
Project Summaries	https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/
Glossary	https://packaging.python.org/glossary/
How to Get Support	https://packaging.python.org/support/
Contribute to this guide	https://packaging.python.org/contribute/
News	https://packaging.python.org/news/
Back to top	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/
View this page	https://github.com/pypa/packaging.python.org/blob/main/source/specifications/version-specifiers.rst?plain=true
Edit this page	https://github.com/pypa/packaging.python.org/edit/main/source/specifications/version-specifiers.rst
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-specifiers
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#definitions
RFC 2119	https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119.html
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#public-version-identifiers
Appendix: Parsing version strings with regular expressions	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-specifiers-regex
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#local-version-identifiers
PEP 459	https://peps.python.org/pep-0459/
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#final-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#developmental-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-epochs
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#normalization
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#case-sensitivity
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#integer-normalization
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-release-separators
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-release-spelling
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-pre-release-number
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-release-separators
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-release-spelling
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-post-release-number
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-post-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#development-release-separators
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-development-release-number
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#local-version-segments
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#preceding-v-character
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#leading-and-trailing-whitespace
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#examples-of-compliant-version-schemes
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#summary-of-permitted-suffixes-and-relative-ordering
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-ordering-across-different-metadata-versions
PEP 241	https://peps.python.org/pep-0241/
PEP 314	https://peps.python.org/pep-0314/
PEP 345	https://peps.python.org/pep-0345/
PEP 386	https://peps.python.org/pep-0386/
PEP 386	https://peps.python.org/pep-0386/
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatibility-with-other-version-schemes
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#semantic-versioning
Semantic versioning	https://semver.org/
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#dvcs-based-version-labels
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#olson-database-versioning
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#id5
Compatible release	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatible-release
Version matching	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-matching
Version exclusion	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-exclusion
Inclusive ordered comparison	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#inclusive-ordered-comparison
Exclusive ordered comparison	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#exclusive-ordered-comparison
Arbitrary equality	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#arbitrary-equality
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
Handling of pre-releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#handling-of-pre-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatible-release
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-matching
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-exclusion
Version matching	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-matching
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#inclusive-ordered-comparison
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#exclusive-ordered-comparison
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#arbitrary-equality
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#handling-of-pre-releases
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#examples
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#direct-references
hashlib	https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#module-hashlib
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#file-urls
MSDN	https://web.archive.org/web/20130321051043/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2006/12/06/file-uris-in-windows.aspx
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#summary-of-differences-from-pkg-resources-parse-version
PEP 440	https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#appendix-parsing-version-strings-with-regular-expressions
Public version identifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#public-version-identifiers
packaging	https://github.com/pypa/packaging
¶	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#history
PEP 440	https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/
Next Dependency specifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/dependency-specifiers/
Previous Core metadata specifications	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
@pradyunsg	https://pradyunsg.me
Furo	https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo
Version specifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/
Definitions	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#definitions
Version scheme	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-scheme
Public version identifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#public-version-identifiers
Local version identifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#local-version-identifiers
Final releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#final-releases
Pre-releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-releases
Post-releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-releases
Developmental releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#developmental-releases
Version epochs	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-epochs
Normalization	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#normalization
Case sensitivity	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#case-sensitivity
Integer Normalization	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#integer-normalization
Pre-release separators	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-release-separators
Pre-release spelling	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#pre-release-spelling
Implicit pre-release number	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-pre-release-number
Post release separators	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-release-separators
Post release spelling	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#post-release-spelling
Implicit post release number	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-post-release-number
Implicit post releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-post-releases
Development release separators	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#development-release-separators
Implicit development release number	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#implicit-development-release-number
Local version segments	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#local-version-segments
Preceding v character	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#preceding-v-character
Leading and Trailing Whitespace	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#leading-and-trailing-whitespace
Examples of compliant version schemes	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#examples-of-compliant-version-schemes
Summary of permitted suffixes and relative ordering	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#summary-of-permitted-suffixes-and-relative-ordering
Version ordering across different metadata versions	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-ordering-across-different-metadata-versions
Compatibility with other version schemes	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatibility-with-other-version-schemes
Semantic versioning	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#semantic-versioning
DVCS based version labels	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#dvcs-based-version-labels
Olson database versioning	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#olson-database-versioning
Version specifiers	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#id5
Compatible release	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatible-release
Version matching	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-matching
Version exclusion	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#version-exclusion
Inclusive ordered comparison	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#inclusive-ordered-comparison
Exclusive ordered comparison	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#exclusive-ordered-comparison
Arbitrary equality	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#arbitrary-equality
Handling of pre-releases	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#handling-of-pre-releases
Examples	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#examples
Direct references	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#direct-references
File URLs	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#file-urls
Summary of differences from pkg_resources.parse_version	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#summary-of-differences-from-pkg-resources-parse-version
Appendix: Parsing version strings with regular expressions	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#appendix-parsing-version-strings-with-regular-expressions
History	https://packaging.python.org/specifications/version-specifiers/#history

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