René's URL Explorer Experiment

{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DiscussionForumPosting","headline":"Helpers for getting references to singletons","articleBody":"**Feature or enhancement**\r\n\r\nThere are lots of places where a new reference to a singleton is needed. This is done in a variety of ways:\r\n\r\n```\r\n1.  obj = Py_NewRef(Py_None);\r\n\r\n2.  obj = Py_None;\r\n    Py_INCREF(obj);\r\n\r\n3.  Py_INCREF(Py_None);\r\n    obj = Py_None;\r\n\r\n4.  obj = Py_None;\r\n    Py_INCREF(Py_None);\r\n\r\n5.  obj = (Py_INCREF(Py_None), Py_None);\r\n```\r\n\r\nThe proposal is to add another way that can hopefully become idiomatic:\r\n\r\n```\r\n6.  obj = Py_RefNone();\r\n```\r\n\r\nThe following singletons are considered:\r\n- `None`\r\n- `NotImplemented`\r\n- `Ellipsis`\r\n- `False`\r\n- `True`\r\n\r\nIn the internal API, helpers for the following singletons can be added:\r\n- The strings returned by `_Py_ID` and `_Py_STR`\r\n- The integers 0 and 1\r\n\r\n**Pitch**\r\n\r\nOne advantage of using the new helpers is that it abstracts away the necessity to increment the reference count if [immortal instances](https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/19474) are implemented.\r\n\r\nAlternatively, if immortal instances aren't implemented and all singletons are made per-interpreter, it will slightly reduce the performance overhead by making sure that the singletons are only looked up once (compared to patterns 3, 4, and 5, where the singletons are obtained twice).\r\n\r\n**Previous discussion**\r\n\r\n\u003c!--\r\n  New features to Python should first be discussed elsewhere before creating issues on GitHub,\r\n  for example in the \"ideas\" category (https://discuss.python.org/c/ideas/6) of discuss.python.org,\r\n  or the python-ideas mailing list (https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/).\r\n  Use this space to post links to the places where you have already discussed this feature proposal:\r\n--\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c!--\r\nYou can freely edit this text. Remove any lines you believe are unnecessary.\r\n--\u003e\r\n","author":{"url":"https://github.com/hvenev","@type":"Person","name":"hvenev"},"datePublished":"2022-04-25T19:42:05.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":2},"url":"https://github.com/91927/cpython/issues/91927"}