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{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DiscussionForumPosting","headline":"Setting macosx as the default backend causes an ImportError","articleBody":"In matplotlib 3.0.0 or newer, the build setting the macosx backend as the default backend for the wheel build of matplotlib causes an ImportError:\r\n\r\n```\r\n○ python test.py --verbose-debug\r\n$HOME=/Users/goldbaum\r\nCONFIGDIR=/Users/goldbaum/.matplotlib\r\nmatplotlib data path: /Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data\r\nloaded rc file /Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc\r\nmatplotlib version 3.0.2\r\ninteractive is False\r\nplatform is darwin\r\nloaded modules: ['builtins', 'sys', '_frozen_importlib', '_imp', '_warnings', '_thread', '_weakref', '_frozen_importlib_external', '_io', 'marshal', 'posix', 'zipimport', 'encodings', 'codecs', '_codecs', 'encodings.aliases', 'encodings.utf_8', '_signal', '__main__', 'encodings.latin_1', 'io', 'abc', '_weakrefset', 'site', 'os', 'errno', 'stat', '_stat', 'posixpath', 'genericpath', 'os.path', '_collections_abc', '_sitebuiltins', 'sysconfig', '_sysconfigdata_m_darwin_darwin', '_osx_support', 're', 'enum', 'types', 'functools', '_functools', 'collections', 'operator', '_operator', 'keyword', 'heapq', '_heapq', 'itertools', 'reprlib', '_collections', 'weakref', 'collections.abc', 'sre_compile', '_sre', 'sre_parse', 'sre_constants', '_locale', 'copyreg', '_bootlocale', 'importlib', 'importlib._bootstrap', 'importlib._bootstrap_external', 'warnings', 'importlib.util', 'importlib.abc', 'importlib.machinery', 'contextlib', 'mpl_toolkits', 'matplotlib', 'atexit', 'distutils', 'distutils.version', 'inspect', 'ast', '_ast', 'dis', 'opcode', '_opcode', 'linecache', 'tokenize', 'token', 'locale', 'logging', 'time', 'traceback', 'string', '_string', 'threading', 'pathlib', 'fnmatch', 'ntpath', 'urllib', 'urllib.parse', 'pprint', 'shutil', 'zlib', 'bz2', '_compression', '_bz2', 'lzma', '_lzma', 'pwd', 'grp', 'subprocess', 'signal', '_posixsubprocess', 'select', 'selectors', 'math', 'tempfile', 'random', 'hashlib', '_hashlib', '_blake2', '_sha3', 'bisect', '_bisect', '_random', 'urllib.request', 'base64', 'struct', '_struct', 'binascii', 'email', 'http', 'http.client', 'email.parser', 'email.feedparser', 'email.errors', 'email._policybase', 'email.header', 'email.quoprimime', 'email.base64mime', 'email.charset', 'email.encoders', 'quopri', 'email.utils', 'socket', '_socket', 'datetime', '_datetime', 'email._parseaddr', 'calendar', 'email.message', 'uu', 'email._encoded_words', 'email.iterators', 'ssl', 'ipaddress', 'textwrap', '_ssl', 'urllib.error', 'urllib.response', '_scproxy', 'matplotlib.cbook', 'glob', 'gzip', 'numbers', 'numpy', '__future__', 'numpy._globals', 'numpy.__config__', 'numpy.version', 'numpy._import_tools', 'numpy.add_newdocs', 'numpy.lib', 'numpy.lib.info', 'numpy.lib.type_check', 'numpy.core', 'numpy.core.info', 'numpy.core.multiarray', 'numpy.core.umath', 'numpy.core._internal', 'numpy.compat', 'numpy.compat._inspect', 'numpy.compat.py3k', 'ctypes', '_ctypes', 'ctypes._endian', 'numpy.core.numerictypes', 'numpy.core.numeric', 'pickle', '_compat_pickle', '_pickle', 'numpy.core.fromnumeric', 'numpy.core._methods', 'numpy.core.arrayprint', 'numpy.core.defchararray', 'numpy.core.records', 'numpy.core.memmap', 'numpy.core.function_base', 'numpy.core.machar', 'numpy.core.getlimits', 'numpy.core.shape_base', 'numpy.core.einsumfunc', 'numpy.testing', 'unittest', 'unittest.result', 'unittest.util', 'unittest.case', 'difflib', 'unittest.suite', 'unittest.loader', 'unittest.main', 'argparse', 'copy', 'gettext', 'unittest.runner', 'unittest.signals', 'numpy.testing._private', 'numpy.testing._private.utils', 'gc', 'numpy.lib.utils', 'numpy.testing._private.decorators', 'numpy.testing._private.nosetester', 'numpy.testing._private.pytesttester', 'numpy.lib.ufunclike', 'numpy.lib.index_tricks', 'numpy.lib.function_base', 'numpy.lib.twodim_base', 'numpy.lib.histograms', 'numpy.matrixlib', 'numpy.matrixlib.defmatrix', 'numpy.linalg', 'numpy.linalg.info', 'numpy.linalg.linalg', 'numpy.linalg.lapack_lite', 'numpy.linalg._umath_linalg', 'numpy.lib.stride_tricks', 'numpy.lib.mixins', 'numpy.lib.nanfunctions', 'numpy.lib.shape_base', 'numpy.lib.scimath', 'numpy.lib.polynomial', 'numpy.lib.arraysetops', 'numpy.lib.npyio', 'numpy.lib.format', 'numpy.lib._datasource', 'numpy.lib._iotools', 'numpy.lib.financial', 'decimal', '_decimal', 'numpy.lib.arrayterator', 'numpy.lib.arraypad', 'numpy.lib._version', 'numpy.core._multiarray_tests', 'numpy._distributor_init', 'numpy.fft', 'numpy.fft.info', 'numpy.fft.fftpack', 'numpy.fft.fftpack_lite', 'numpy.fft.helper', 'numpy.polynomial', 'numpy.polynomial.polynomial', 'numpy.polynomial.polyutils', 'numpy.polynomial._polybase', 'numpy.polynomial.chebyshev', 'numpy.polynomial.legendre', 'numpy.polynomial.hermite', 'numpy.polynomial.hermite_e', 'numpy.polynomial.laguerre', 'numpy.random', 'numpy.random.info', 'cython_runtime', 'mtrand', 'numpy.random.mtrand', 'numpy.ctypeslib', 'numpy.ma', 'numpy.ma.core', 'numpy.ma.extras', 'matplotlib.cbook.deprecation', 'matplotlib.rcsetup', 'matplotlib.fontconfig_pattern', 'pyparsing', 'matplotlib.colors', 'matplotlib._color_data', 'cycler', 'six', 'six.moves', 'matplotlib._version', 'json', 'json.decoder', 'json.scanner', '_json', 'json.encoder', 'dateutil', 'dateutil._version']\r\nCACHEDIR=/Users/goldbaum/.matplotlib\r\nUsing fontManager instance from /Users/goldbaum/.matplotlib/fontlist-v300.json\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):\r\n  File \"test.py\", line 1, in \u003cmodule\u003e\r\n    from matplotlib import pyplot\r\n  File \"/Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py\", line 2374, in \u003cmodule\u003e\r\n    switch_backend(rcParams[\"backend\"])\r\n  File \"/Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py\", line 207, in switch_backend\r\n    backend_mod = importlib.import_module(backend_name)\r\n  File \"/Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py\", line 126, in import_module\r\n    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)\r\n  File \"/Users/goldbaum/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py\", line 14, in \u003cmodule\u003e\r\n    from matplotlib.backends import _macosx\r\nImportError: Python is not installed as a framework. The Mac OS X backend will not be able to function correctly if Python is not installed as a framework. See the Python documentation for more information on installing Python as a framework on Mac OS X. Please either reinstall Python as a framework, or try one of the other backends. If you are using (Ana)Conda please install python.app and replace the use of 'python' with 'pythonw'. See 'Working with Matplotlib on OSX' in the Matplotlib FAQ for more information.\r\n```\r\n\r\nThis could be fixed by not setting macosx as the default backend in the matplotlibrc that gets shipped with the wheel.","author":{"url":"https://github.com/ngoldbaum","@type":"Person","name":"ngoldbaum"},"datePublished":"2018-11-12T19:22:13.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":2},"url":"https://github.com/6/matplotlib-wheels/issues/6"}