René's URL Explorer Experiment


Title: Punjabi language - Wikipedia

Open Graph Title: Punjabi language - Wikipedia

Generator: MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12

direct link

Domain: en.wikipedia.org

Hey, it has json ld scripts: 
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Links:

Jump to contenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#bodyContent
Main pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents
Current eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events
Random articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random
About Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About
Contact ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
Helphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents
Learn to edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction
Community portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal
Recent changeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges
Upload filehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard
Special pageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Search https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search
Donatehttps://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Create accounthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Punjabi+language
Log inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Punjabi+language
Donatehttps://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Create accounthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Punjabi+language
Log inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Punjabi+language
(Top) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
1 History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#History
1.1 Etymology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Etymology
1.2 Origin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Origin
1.3 Arabic and Persian influences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Arabic_and_Persian_influences
1.4 Modern times https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Modern_times
2 Geographic distribution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Geographic_distribution
2.1 Pakistan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Pakistan
2.2 India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#India
2.3 Punjabi diaspora https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Punjabi_diaspora
2.4 Punjabi speakers by country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Punjabi_speakers_by_country
3 Major dialects https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Major_dialects
3.1 Standard Punjabi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Standard_Punjabi
3.2 Eastern Punjabi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Eastern_Punjabi
3.3 Western Punjabi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Western_Punjabi
4 Phonology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Phonology
4.1 Diphthongs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Diphthongs
4.2 Tone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Tone
4.2.1 Mechanics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Mechanics
4.3 Gemination https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Gemination
5 Grammar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Grammar
6 Vocabulary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Vocabulary
7 Writing systems https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Writing_systems
8 Sample text https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Sample_text
9 Literature development https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Literature_development
9.1 Medieval period https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Medieval_period
9.2 Modern period https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Modern_period
10 Status https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Status
10.1 In Pakistan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#In_Pakistan
10.2 In India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#In_India
11 Advocacy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Advocacy
11.1 Governmental academies and institutes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Governmental_academies_and_institutes
11.2 Software https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Software
12 Gallery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Gallery
13 See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#See_also
14 Notes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Notes
15 References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#References
15.1 Citations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Citations
15.2 Sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Sources
16 Further reading https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Further_reading
17 External links https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#External_links
Afrikaanshttps://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandjabi
አማርኛhttps://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%90%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%83%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B
Aragonéshttps://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_panchabi
अंगिकाhttps://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
العربيةhttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9
مصرىhttps://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89
অসমীয়াhttps://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE
Asturianuhttps://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_panyab%C3%AD
अवधीhttps://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80
Azərbaycancahttps://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99ncab_dili
تۆرکجهhttps://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C
Башҡортсаhttps://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%B1_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5
Беларускаяhttps://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96
Българскиhttps://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA
भोजपुरीhttps://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
বাংলাhttps://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE
বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরীhttps://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0
Brezhoneghttps://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandjabeg
Catalàhttps://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
کوردیhttps://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C
Češtinahttps://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%88d%C5%BE%C3%A1b%C5%A1tina
Чӑвашлаhttps://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
Cymraeghttps://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwnjabeg
Danskhttps://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi
Deutschhttps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
Zazakihttps://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencabki
Ελληνικάhttps://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9
Esperantohttps://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C4%9Daba_lingvo
Españolhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_punyab%C3%AD
Eestihttps://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabi_keel
Euskarahttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabera
فارسیhttps://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C
Suomihttps://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabi
Françaishttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendjabi
Nordfriiskhttps://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
Fryskhttps://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BBndjaabsk
Gaeilgehttps://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phuinse%C3%A1ibis
Gàidhlighttps://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_(c%C3%A0nan)
Galegohttps://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_panxab%C3%AD
ગુજરાતીhttps://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE
Hausahttps://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Punjab
客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngîhttps://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi-ng%C3%AE
עבריתhttps://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99
हिन्दीhttps://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
Fiji Hindihttps://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi_bhasa
Hrvatskihttps://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dnopand%C5%BEapski_jezik
Magyarhttps://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandzs%C3%A1bi_nyelv
Հայերենhttps://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB
Interlinguahttps://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_panjabi
Bahasa Indonesiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Punjab
Ilokanohttps://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Punjabi
Idohttps://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabana_linguo
Íslenskahttps://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BAndjab%C3%AD
Medžuslovjanskyhttps://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pend%C5%BEabsky_jezyk
Italianohttps://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_punjabi
日本語https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E8%AA%9E
Patoishttps://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languij
ქართულიhttps://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90
Kumoringhttps://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Punjabi
Қазақшаhttps://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
ಕನ್ನಡhttps://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86
한국어https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%80%EC%9E%90%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4
کٲشُرhttps://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%D9%B2%D8%A8%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86
Kurdîhttps://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_pencab%C3%AE
Комиhttps://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
Latinahttps://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Paniabica
Ligurehttps://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_punjabi
Lietuviųhttps://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEab%C5%B3_kalba
Latviešuhttps://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabu_valoda
मैथिलीhttps://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
Malagasyhttps://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_penjaby
Македонскиhttps://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA
മലയാളംhttps://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7
Монголhttps://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB
मराठीhttps://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
Bahasa Melayuhttps://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Punjabi
မြန်မာဘာသာhttps://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8
مازِرونیhttps://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C
नेपालीhttps://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
नेपाल भाषाhttps://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
Nederlandshttps://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi
Norsk nynorskhttps://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
Norsk bokmålhttps://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
Occitanhttps://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi
ଓଡ଼ିଆhttps://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE
Иронhttps://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
ਪੰਜਾਬੀhttps://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE
Papiamentuhttps://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi
Picardhttps://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjabi
Polskihttps://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pend%C5%BCabski
Piemontèishttps://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_panjabi_oriental
پنجابیhttps://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C
پښتوhttps://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87
Portuguêshttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_panjabi
Runa Simihttps://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panyapi_simi
Românăhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_punjab%C4%83
Русскийhttps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
संस्कृतम्https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤhttps://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4
Scotshttps://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi_leid
سنڌيhttps://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A
Davvisámegiellahttps://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabigiella
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиhttps://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEapski_jezik
Simple Englishhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Slovenčinahttps://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BE%C3%A1b%C4%8Dina
سرائیکیhttps://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86
Shqiphttps://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_penxhabe
Српски / srpskihttps://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA
Svenskahttps://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi
Kiswahilihttps://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipunjabi_cha_Mashariki
தமிழ்https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF
ತುಳುhttps://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86
తెలుగుhttps://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7
Тоҷикӣhttps://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D3%A3
ไทยhttps://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A
Tagaloghttps://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Panyabi
Tolışihttps://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99n%C4%8Dabi_zyvon
Toki ponahttps://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/toki_Pansapi
Türkçehttps://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencap%C3%A7a
Татарча / tatarçahttps://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurchehttps://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89
Українськаhttps://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0
اردوhttps://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаhttps://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjob_tili
Tiếng Việthttps://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Punjab
Winarayhttps://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinunjabi
吴语https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AF%AD
მარგალურიhttps://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90
閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gíhttps://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab-g%C3%AD
粵語https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E6%B8%A3%E5%88%A5%E6%96%87
中文https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E
Edit linkshttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58635#sitelinks-wikipedia
Articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Talkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Punjabi_language
Readhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
View sourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit
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Readhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
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What links herehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Punjabi_language
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Cite this pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Punjabi_language&id=1364285506&wpFormIdentifier=titleform
Get shortened URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPunjabi_language
Switch to legacy parserhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&useparsoid=0
Download as PDFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Punjabi_language&action=show-download-screen
Printable versionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&printable=yes
Wikimedia Commonshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Punjabi_language
Wikibookshttps://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Punjabi
Wikifunctionshttps://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1083
Wikivoyagehttps://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Punjabi_phrasebook
Wikidata itemhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58635
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_gurmukhi_shahmukhi.png
Shahmukhi scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
Gurmukhi scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
[pəɲˈd͡ʒaːbːi]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg/Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg.mp3
ⓘhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg
Punjab regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab
Punjabishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabis
[a]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-1
Language familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family
Indo-Europeanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
Indo-Iranianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages
Indo-Aryanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages
Northwesternhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages#Northwestern_Zone
Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrit
[b]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-3
Apabhraṃśahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhraṃśa
Old Punjabihttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Old%20Punjabi
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Languages_of_India-4
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bhatia-2013-5
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Routledge-6
Middle Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Origin
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-7
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Austin-2008-8
Early Modern Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Modern_times
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Language_in_South_Asia-9
Standard Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Standard_Punjabi
Punjabi dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects
Writing systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system
Shāhmukhīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
Gurmukhīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
Punjabi Braillehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Braille
Laṇḍāhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laṇḍā_scripts
Multanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multani_script
Tākrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takri
Devanāgarīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
Anandpur Lipihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandpur_Lipi
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_languages_of_India
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India
[c]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-12
Haryanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana
[d]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-14
Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi
[e]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-16
West Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal
[f]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-18
Regulated byhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_regulators
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
[13]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-19
ISO 639-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1
pahttps://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes-keyword.php?SearchType=iso_639_1&SearchTerm=pa
ISO 639-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2
panhttps://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=352
ISO 639-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-3
panhttps://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pan
panhttps://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pan
pnbhttps://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pnb
Glottologhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottolog
lahn1241https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241
Linguaspherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory
59-AAF-ehttp://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=59-AAF-e
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geographical_distribution_of_Punjabi_language.png
IPAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
rendering supporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues
question marks, boxes, or other symbolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character
Unicodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode
Help:IPAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA
a serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Punjabi_culture
Punjabishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region
Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Punjab
Folklorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_folklore
Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab
Punjabishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabis
Nationalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism
Diasporahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora
Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan
United Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Punjabis
United Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Americans
Mexican Americanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans
Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians
Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Australians
New Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders
Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians
Culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Punjab
Clothinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_clothing
Cuisinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine
Dancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab
Festivalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_festivals
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_festivals_(Pakistan)
Literaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_literature
Mediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Punjabi_media
Musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Punjab
Religionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Punjab
Folk religionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_practices_in_Punjab
Islamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims
Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Sikhs
Hinduismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Hindus
Jainismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism_in_Punjab
Christianityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Christians
Sporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Kabaddi
Televisionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Punjabi-language_television_channels
Majhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majha
Malwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)
Doabahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doaba
Puadhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puadh
Bagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagar_tract
Pothwarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau
Derajathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derajat
Bhattianahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhattiana
Chhachhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhachh
Kachhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachhi_(Punjab)
Doabshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doab#The_Punjab_Doabs
Sindh Sagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh_Sagar_Doab
Chajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaj_Doab
Rachnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachna_Doab
Barihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari_Doab
Bisthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bist_Doab
Barshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Region
Sandalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandal_Bar
Kiranahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirana_Bar
Neelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeli_Bar
Ganjihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganji_Bar
Gondalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondal_Bar
Junglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle_Bar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Punjab
Punjab portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Punjab
vhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Punjabis
thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Punjabis
ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabis
[g]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-22
[h]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-23
Indo-Aryan languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
[16]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-24
[i]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-25
2023 Pakistani censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pakistani_census
2011 censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Census_of_India
significant overseas diasporahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora
Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
United Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom
United Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
Gulf stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf
Shahmukhi alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
Perso-Arabic scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet
Gurmukhi alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
Indic scriptshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_scripts
Indo-European language familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
lexical tonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)
Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language
tributarieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
Indus Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River
Turko-Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turko-Persian
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-26
South Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
[18]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-27
[19]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-28
cognatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate
Indo-Europeanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
Greekhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language
Lithuanianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
Punjab regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region
physiographicallyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography
Indus Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River
tributarieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributaries
Beas Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beas_River
Sutlejhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutlej
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tilla_Jogian.jpg
Tilla Jogianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilla_Jogian
Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrit
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_language
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-29
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrit
Paishachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paishachi
Apabhraṃśahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhraṃśa
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Singh-2019-2
[21]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-30
Nath Yogihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nath
[22]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Hoiberg_2000-31
Shauraseni Apbhramsahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit
[22]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Hoiberg_2000-31
Amir Khusrauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Khusrau
[23]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-32
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Languages_of_India-4
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bhatia-2013-5
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Routledge-6
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-7
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Austin-2008-8
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Language_in_South_Asia-9
Persian language in the Indian subcontinenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Arabichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
Modern Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Persian
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab
Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-33
Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language
[25]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-34
[26]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-35
Turkichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages
Sikh empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Punjab under the Britishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Punjab
Pakistani Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_Punjab
[27]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-36
second millenniumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_millennium
lexicallyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_semantics
Portuguesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India
Greekhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language
Japanesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language
Chinesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
[28]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-37
zhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative
ɣhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative
qhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive
ʃhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative
xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative
fhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative
Sanskrit borrowingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsama
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language
Haryanvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanvi
Pashtohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto
Hindustanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
Punjab, Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
Punjab, Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan
hypercorrecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercorrect
Sanskritizedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskritized
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more citationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability
improve this articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Punjabi_language
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Learn how and when to remove this messagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bhatia-2013-5
Western Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnda
Eastern Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Eastern_Punjabi_(Charda_Punjab)
Majhi dialecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majhi_dialect
Majhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majha
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
Gurmukhīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhī
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_English
Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_India
Shahmukhīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
Urdu alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet
Nastaʿlīq charactershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaʿlīq_script
Punjabi phonologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_phonology
Urdu alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet
Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language
Arabichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
Lahndic dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnda
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Pakistani provinceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
Indian stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_India
in Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan
[29]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-38
[30]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-39
Western Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnda
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Pothwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari
[31]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-The_Times_of_India-2008-40
List of states and union territories of India by Punjabi speakershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_Punjabi_speakers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jalianwalabag.JPG
Jallianwala Baghhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh
Amritsarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsar
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab
Haryanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana
Amritsarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsar
Ludhianahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludhiana
Chandigarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh
Jalandharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalandhar
Ambalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambala
Patialahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiala
Bathindahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathinda
Hoshiarpurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoshiarpur
Firozpurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firozpur
Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_in_india.png
Bagrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language
Bhatealihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhateali_language
[32]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-41
[33]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-42
Punjabi diasporahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_language_by_SA1_(Woolgoolga).svg
Australian Bureau of Statisticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics
New South Waleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales
Woolgoolgahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolgoolga
Sandy Beachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Beach,_New_South_Wales?action=edit&redlink=1
Safety Beachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_Beach,_New_South_Wales?action=edit&redlink=1
2021 censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Australian_census
minority languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_language
Punjabi peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_people
[31]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-The_Times_of_India-2008-40
[34]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-43
in the United Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom
[35]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-44
[36]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-45
[37]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-46
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
Saudi Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia
Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
UKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom
[38]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-47
USAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
UAEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates
Punjabi dialects and languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages
educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education
news broadcastinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_broadcasting
Majhi dialecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majhi_dialect
Google Translatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
Lahorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
[39]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-48
[40]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-49
Pakistani Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_Punjab
Indian Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Punjab
Rajasthanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan
Haryanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana
Majhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majhi_dialect
Malwaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwai_dialect
Doabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doabi_dialect
Puadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puadhi_dialect
Lubankihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubanki_dialect
[41]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-50
Lahndahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnda
Punjabi varietieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages
Pakistani Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan
Hazara regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_region
Azad Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir
Indian Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Punjab
Fazilkahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazilka
[42]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-51
[43]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle1979198-52
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Pahari-Pothwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Inkuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inku_language
Jhangvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhangvi_dialect
Shahpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahpuri
Dhannihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhanni_dialect
Thalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thali_dialect
mixed varietyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_language
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languages
Khetranihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khetrani_language
[44]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-53
vowel lengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length
centralised vowelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vowel
[45]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle2003587-54
Vowelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel
Fronthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel
Centralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vowel
Backhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel
Closehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_vowel
iːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel
uːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel
Near-closehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_vowel
ɪhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel
ʊhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel
Close-midhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_vowel
eːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel
oːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel
Midhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_vowel
əhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel
Open-midhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_vowel
ɛːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel
ɔːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel
Openhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel
aːhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel
nasal analogueshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_vowel
[46]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle2003588-55
Consonantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant
Labialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant
Dentalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_consonant
Alveolarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant
Retroflexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex
Post-alv.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant
Palatalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant
Velarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant
Uvularhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_consonant
Glottalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant
Nasalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_stop
mhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal
nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal
[47]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-56
ɳhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal
ɲhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal
[48]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:0-57
ŋhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal
[48]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:0-57
Stophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_consonant
Affricatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant
phttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive
t̪https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive
ʈhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive
t͡ʃhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate
khttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive
qhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive
pʰhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant
tʰhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant
ʈʰhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant
t͡ʃʰhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant
kʰhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant
bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive
d̪https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive
ɖhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive
d͡ʒhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate
ɡhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive
Fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant
fhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative
shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative
ʃhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative
xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative
zhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative
ɣhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative
ɦhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative
Rhotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant
ɾhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_tap_or_flap
rhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill
ɽhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap
Approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant_consonant
ʋhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant
lhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant
ɭhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant
[49]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-58
jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant
voiceless retroflex fricativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative
Hindustanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language
[50]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle2003589-59
retroflex lateralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_lateral
approximanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_approximant
flaphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_flap
[51]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasica199197-60
[52]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-61
[53]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-62
softenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language#Perso-Arabic_script
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
Hindustanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language
Phonotacticallyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonotactics
monophthongisedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophthongization
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
lexical toneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)
[54]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-63
[55]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bailey-64
[56]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-65
[57]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bowden-66
tone contourshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_contours
[55]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bailey-64
Punjabi University, Patialahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_University,_Patiala
[58]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-67
[59]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-68
[j]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-69
[60]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-70
[61]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-71
[62]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-72
[63]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-pu300-73
[63]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-pu300-73
[55]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bailey-64
[64]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-74
voiced aspirates /ʱ/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant#Breathy-voiced_release
voiced glottal fricative /ɦ/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative
੍ਹ "perī̃ hāhā"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi#Subscript_letters
ھ "dō-caśmī hē"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi#Difference_from_Persian_and_Urdu
[57]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bowden-66
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
[65]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-75
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Jhangvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhangvi_dialect
Shahpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahpuri_dialect
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
Gurmukhi scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_script
[57]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Bowden-66
Burushaskihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burushaski
Gujarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Kalamihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalami_language
Shinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shina_language
Torwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torwali_language
[66]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-76
Geminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination
adhakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi#Gemination
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
tashdīdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadda
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
[67]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasica1991149-77
Brahmic scriptshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_scripts
loan wordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan_word
[k]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-78
[l]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-79
[m]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-80
Punjabi grammarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_grammar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
SOVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject–object–verb
[68]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-81
postpositionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postposition
grammatical casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case
[69]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-82
gendershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender
numbershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number
caseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case
directhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_case
obliquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_case
vocativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case
ablativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablative_case
locativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case
instrumentalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_case
postpositionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postposition
adverbialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb
[70]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-83
Adjectiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective
[71]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-84
T-V distinctionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-V_distinction
inflectionalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection
casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case
particleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle
postpositionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postposition
prepositionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
oblique casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_case
verbalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb
aspecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect
tensehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense
moodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood
lexical basehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)
[72]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-85
Indo-Aryan languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_language
tadbhavhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadbhava
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
[73]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Frawley2003-86
[74]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-87
Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language
[73]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Frawley2003-86
Shahmukhi alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
اhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ا
بhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ب
پhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/پ
تhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ت
ٹhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ٹ
ثhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ث
جhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ج
چhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/چ
حhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ح
خhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/خ
دhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/د
ڈhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ڈ
ذhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ذ
رhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ر
ڑhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ڑ
زhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ز
ژhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ژ
سhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/س
شhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ش
صhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ص
ضhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ض
طhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ط
ظhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ظ
عhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ع
غhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/غ
فhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ف
قhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ق
کhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ک
گhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/گ
لhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ل
ࣇhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ࣇ
مhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/م
نhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ن
ݨhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ݨ
ںhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ں
وhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/و
هhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ه
ھhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ھ
ءhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ء
یhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ی
ےhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ے
Perso-Arabic scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet
Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet
Transliterationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic
Diacriticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_diacritics
Hamzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza
Numeralshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals
Numerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_numerals
vhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Arabic-script_sidebar
thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic-script_sidebar
ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic-script_sidebar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_Loves_Women_South_Asia_Logo-pa.png
synchronic digraphiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronic_digraphia
[75]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatia2008128-88
[76]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201612–13-89
[77]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain200353,_57–8-90
Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhs
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
Brahmichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_scripts
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
Perso-Arabichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perso-Arabic
Urdu alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet
Devanagarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
[78]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-91
Punjabi Hindushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Hindus
[79]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTENayar196646_ff-92
[80]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201612-93
[81]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle2003594-94
[82]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-95
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
Brahmichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_scripts
Laṇḍāhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laṇḍā
[81]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackle2003594-94
[83]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201615-96
Punjabi Braillehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Braille
IASThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAST
diphthongshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthongs
Lahorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
Transliterationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration
IPAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Lahorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
Karachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Ravi Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_River
Punjabi literaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_literature
Fariduddin Ganjshakarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar
[84]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-97
Bulleh Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulleh_Shah
Shah Hussainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Hussain
Sultan Bahuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Bahu
Shah Sharafhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Sharaf
Waris Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waris_Shah
Saleh Muhammad Safoorihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Muhammad_Safoori
Mian Muhammad Bakshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mian_Muhammad_Bakhsh
Khwaja Ghulam Faridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwaja_Ghulam_Farid
Sikhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh
[85]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-98
Guru Granth Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhī_alphabet
Sikh scriptureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_scriptures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Varan_Gyan_Ratnavali.jpg
Varan Gyan Ratnavalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varan_Bhai_Gurdas
Bhai Gurdashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhai_Gurdas
Janamsakhishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janamsakhis
Guru Nanakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanak
qissehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Qisse
Heer Ranjhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heer_Ranjha
Waris Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waris_Shah
Sohni Mahiwalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohni_Mahiwal
Mirza Sahibanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Sahiban
Sassui Punnhunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassui_Punnhun
Qadaryarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadaryar
[86]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-99
Vaarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaar
Shah Mohammadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Mohammad
[87]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg
Ghadar di Gunjhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadar_di_Gunj
Ghadar Partyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadar_Party
Modernismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism
Nanak Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanak_Singh
Amrita Pritamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita_Pritam
Puran Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puran_Singh
Dhani Ram Chatrikhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhani_Ram_Chatrik
Diwan Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_Singh
Ustad Damanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Daman
Mohan Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohan_Singh_(poet)
Shareef Kunjahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shareef_Kunjahi
Shafqat Tanvir Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafqat_Tanvir_Mirza
Ahmad Salimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Salim
Najm Hosain Syedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najm_Hosain_Syed
Munir Niazihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munir_Niazi
Ali Arshad Mirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Arshad_Mir
Jaswant Singh Kanwalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_Kanwal
Amrita Pritamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita_Pritam
Jaswant Singh Rahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_Rahi
Shiv Kumar Batalvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiv_Kumar_Batalvi
Surjit Patarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjit_Patar
Pashhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pash
Sikh Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire
British East India Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company
Second Anglo-Sikh Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War
Bengali languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_alphabet
gurdwarashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwara
scheduled languages of Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduled_languages_of_India
Indian State of Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Haryanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana
regional ethnic languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan
Punjab, Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan
[88]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-101
Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_English
[89]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-102
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi-speakers_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg
mother tonguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_tongue
Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan
2017 Pakistan Censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Pakistan_Census
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_prachar_demand.jpg
Motilal Nehru'shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilal_Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru
[90]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-103
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
West Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Pakistan
Bengalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
East Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabis
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
ethnoreligioushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group
[91]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-104
Pakistan Broadcasting Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Broadcasting_Corporation
Constitution of Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan
[92]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-105
Bengali languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
[93]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-106
University of the Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab
[94]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-107
[95]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-108
Lollywoodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollywood
Lollywoodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollywood
[96]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-109
[97]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-110
Zia-ul Haqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq
[98]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:1-111
[99]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:2-112
[99]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:2-112
[100]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-113
[101]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-114
[102]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-115
Lahorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
[103]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-116
[104]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-117
Supreme Court of Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan
Government of Punjab, Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan
[105]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-118
[106]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-119
Lahorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
International Mother Language Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mother_Language_Day
[107]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-120
[108]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-121
[109]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-122
[110]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-123
[111]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-124
[112]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-125
[113]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-126
[99]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:2-112
[98]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:1-111
[114]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-127
[99]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-:2-112
[115]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-128
[116]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-129
[117]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-130
[118]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-131
Maryam Nawazhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Nawaz
[119]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-132
[120]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-133
[121]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-134
Punjabi language revitalisation movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Language_Movement
[122]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-135
Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Indian_Constitution
[123]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Khokhlova-136
Punjabi Suba movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Suba_movement
[124]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-137
[125]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-138
West Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal
[12]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-The_Telegraph-2012-17
[126]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-139
[127]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-140
dubioushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement
discusshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Punjabi_language#Dubious
[128]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-141
[123]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Khokhlova-136
[129]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-142
[130]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-143
[131]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-144
Punjabi Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_University
Hebrew University of Jerusalemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem
[132]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-145
[133]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-146
Punjabipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabipedia
[134]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-147
[135]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-148
The Dhahan Prizehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dhahan_Prize
[136]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-149
Ludhianahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludhiana
[137]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-150
[138]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-151
Punjab statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_state
[139]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-152
[140]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-153
Jammu and Kashmir UThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)
[141]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-154
Lahore, Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore,_Pakistan
[142]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-155
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_academy_ludhiana.jpeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_academy_delhi.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jammu_and_Kashmir_academy_of_art_culture_and_literature.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjab_institute_of_language_art_and_culture.jpeg
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
InPagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InPage
Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft
Windows Vistahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista
Microsoft Office 2007https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007
Language Interface Packhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Interface_Pack
[143]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-156
Linuxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
[144]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-157
Applehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.
Mobile deviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device
[145]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-158
Google Searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search
[146]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-159
Google Translatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
[147]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-160
[148]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-161
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Large-sized_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_that_was_handwritten_by_Pratap_Singh_Giani_and_completed_in_1908_C.E._03.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahmukhi1.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bhulay_Shah.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Munir_niazi.gif
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Das_Buch_der_Schrift_(Faulmann)_138.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punjabi_language_sign_board_at_hanumangarh_rajasthan_india.jpeg
Hanumangarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanumangarh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Temple_(Harmandir_Sahib)_in_Amritsar,_India.jpg
Punjab portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Punjab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg
Languages portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Languages
Bhangra (music)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangra_(music)
Khalsa bolehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalsa_bole
List of Punjabi-language newspapershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Punjabi-language_newspapers
Punjabi cinemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_cinema
Punjabi Language Movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Language_Movement
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-1
2011 Indian Censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_Census
2023 Pakistani Censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pakistani_Census
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
1981https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_Pakistan#1981
2017https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census
Saudi Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia
Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians
United Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Punjabis
United Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Americans
Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Australians
§ Geographic distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Geographic_distribution
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-3
Paishachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paishachi
Saurashenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit
Gandharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhari_language
Middle Indo-Aryan languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan_languages
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-Singh-2019-2
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-12
[8]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-10
[9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-11
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-14
[10]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-13
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-16
[11]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-15
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-18
[12]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-The_Telegraph-2012-17
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-22
/pʌnˈdʒɑːbi/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English
pun-JAH-beehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key
[14]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-20
Shahmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi
Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
[pə̞ˈɲd͡ʒaːbːi]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg/Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg.mp3
ⓘhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.ogg
[15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_note-21
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-23
British Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English
Romanizedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15919
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-25
2011 Indian Censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_Census
2023 Pakistani Censushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pakistani_Census
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
1981https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_Pakistan#1981
2017https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census
Saudi Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia
Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians
United Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Punjabis
United Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Americans
Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Australians
§ Geographic distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Geographic_distribution
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-69
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-78
Gurmukhi letterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_letter?action=edit&redlink=1
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-79
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-80
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Singh-2019_2-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Singh-2019_2-1
"The Origin Theories of Punjabi Language: A Context of Historiography of Punjabi Language"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353680383
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Languages_of_India_4-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Languages_of_India_4-1
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9788123729367https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788123729367
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bhatia-2013_5-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bhatia-2013_5-1
3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bhatia-2013_5-2
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781136894602https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136894602
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Routledge_6-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Routledge_6-1
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781136451089https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136451089
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_7-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_7-1
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780195139778https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195139778
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Austin-2008_8-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Austin-2008_8-1
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780520255609https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520255609
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Language_in_South_Asia_9-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Language_in_South_Asia_9-1
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781139465502https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139465502
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-10
"NCLM 52nd Report"https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf
the originalhttp://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-11
"Punjab mandates all signage in Punjabi, in Gurmukhi script"https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/punjab-mandates-all-signage-in-punjabi-in-gurmukhi-script/article30881840.ece
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200222140301/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/punjab-mandates-all-signage-in-punjabi-in-gurmukhi-script/article30881840.ece
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-13
"All milestones, signboards in Haryana to bear info in English, Hindi and Punjabi: Education Minister"https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/all-milestones-signboards-in-haryana-to-bear-info-in-english-hindi-and-punjabi-education-minister-6297747/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200314065123/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/all-milestones-signboards-in-haryana-to-bear-info-in-english-hindi-and-punjabi-education-minister-6297747/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-15
"Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Punjabi-Urdu-made-official-languages-in-Delhi/articleshow/43388.cms
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210314171554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/punjabi-urdu-made-official-languages-in-delhi/articleshow/43388.cms
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-The_Telegraph-2012_17-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-The_Telegraph-2012_17-1
"Multi-lingual Bengal"https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232340/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp
The Telegraphhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Calcutta)
the originalhttps://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-19
"Punjabi matric exam on Aug 26"https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/patiala/punjabi-matric-exam-on-aug-26-128241
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200819214819/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/patiala/punjabi-matric-exam-on-aug-26-128241
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-20
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-21
Routledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-1-138-79385-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-79385-9
LCCNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)
2015042069https://lccn.loc.gov/2015042069
OCLChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)
948602857https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948602857
OLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_(identifier)
35828315Mhttps://openlibrary.org/books/OL35828315M
Wikidatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)
Q23831241https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23831241
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-24
"The World Factbook - WORLD"https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society
the originalhttps://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-26
Cambridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-521-52291-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52291-5
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-27
"Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive"https://web.archive.org/web/20181201141824/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.1:375.hobson
the originalhttp://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.1:375.hobson
cite webhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web
linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-28
"A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary with Transliteration, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout"https://web.archive.org/web/20181201141645/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%96&searchhws=yes
the originalhttp://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%96&searchhws=yes
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-29
The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)https://web.archive.org/web/20170121195057/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-81-7010-301-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7010-301-1
the originalhttps://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&dq=punjabi+prakrit+language&pg=PA166
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-30
Panjab And Panjabihttp://archive.org/details/panjabandpanjabi_202003
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Hoiberg_2000_31-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Hoiberg_2000_31-1
Students' Britannica Indiahttps://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&q=Punjabi+language+Nath+Saints&pg=PA214
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-85229-760-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-760-5
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230402155537/https://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&q=Punjabi+language+Nath+Saints&pg=PA214
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-32
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780429622069https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429622069
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-33
East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjabhttps://books.google.com/books?id=UUdYFH9skIkC&pg=PA81
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9788170103608https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170103608
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180209045039/https://books.google.com/books?id=UUdYFH9skIkC&pg=PA81
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-34
The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjabhttps://books.google.com/books?id=EUPc5pDWKikC&pg=PA35
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780520262690https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520262690
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180209045039/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUPc5pDWKikC&pg=PA35
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-35
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choicehttps://books.google.com/books?id=52aicl9l7rwC&pg=PA314
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9789004201453https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004201453
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180209045040/https://books.google.com/books?id=52aicl9l7rwC&pg=PA314
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-36
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choicehttps://books.google.com/books?id=52aicl9l7rwC&q=urdu+words+in+punjabi&pg=PA314
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-90-04-20145-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20145-3
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230402155506/https://books.google.com/books?id=52aicl9l7rwC&q=urdu+words+in+punjabi&pg=PA314
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-37
A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volumehttps://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA87
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9788170992141https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170992141
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180209045039/https://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA87
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-38
"Population Census Organization"https://web.archive.org/web/20090926230905/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/index.html
the originalhttp://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/index.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-39
"CCI defers approval of census results until elections"https://www.dawn.com/news/1410447
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200620161758/https://www.dawn.com/news/1410447/cci-defers-approval-of-census-results-until-elections
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-The_Times_of_India-2008_40-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-The_Times_of_India-2008_40-1
"Punjabi is 4th most spoken language in Canada"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Punjabi_is_Canadas_2nd_most_top_language/articleshow/2782138.cms
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161114140743/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Punjabi_is_Canadas_2nd_most_top_language/articleshow/2782138.cms
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-41
"Statement 1 : Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011"https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220201042328/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-42
"Growth of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001"http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement7.aspx
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150220040137/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement7.aspx
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-43
"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country] - Mother tongue"https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220620062958/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-44
"2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/2011censusquickstatisticsforenglandandwales/2013-01-30#tab-Main-language
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150924114917/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/STB-2011-census--quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales--march-2011.html#tab-Main-language
"Table AT_002_2011 – Language used at home other than English (detailed), Scotland"https://web.archive.org/web/20210305105638/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/additional_tables/AT_002_2011.xls
the originalhttps://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/additional_tables/AT_002_2011.xls
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-45
"US survey puts Punjabi speakers in US at 2.8 lakh"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/us-survey-puts-punjabi-speakers-in-us-at-2-8-lakh/articleshow/62121520.cms
The Times of Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210422124317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/us-survey-puts-punjabi-speakers-in-us-at-2-8-lakh/articleshow/62121520.cms
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-46
"Punjabi speaking countries"https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-47
"Language, England and Wales: Census 2021"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/language/bulletins/languageenglandandwales/census2021
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-48
https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/pjhss/article/download/1637/1058/8469
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20250814025705/https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/pjhss/article/download/1637/1058/8469
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/pjhss/article/download/1637/1058/8469https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/pjhss/article/download/1637/1058/8469
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20250814025705/https://internationalrasd.org/journals/index.php/pjhss/article/download/1637/1058/8469
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-49
https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/punjabi-language/
https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/punjabi-language/https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/punjabi-language/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-50
"Glottolog 4.8 - Greater Panjabic"https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230713015712/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-51
Punjabi languagehttps://www.ethnologue.com/language/lah
Ethnologuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnologue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paywall
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle1979198_52-0
Shackle 1979https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle1979
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-53
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781000831597https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000831597
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle2003587_54-0
Shackle 2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle2003588_55-0
Shackle 2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-56
CiteSeerXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)
10.1.1.695.1248https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.695.1248
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:0_57-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:0_57-1
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-58
Unicodehttps://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U08A0.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200228072827/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U08A0.pdf
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
Arabic Extended-Ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_Extended-A
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle2003589_59-0
Shackle 2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasica199197_60-0
Masica 1991https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFMasica1991
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-61
"SAMPA for Hindi and Punjabi based on their Acoustic and Phonetic Characteristics"https://www.academia.edu/3350695
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230326031533/https://www.academia.edu/3350695
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-62
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0631198154https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0631198154
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-63
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-3-11-014388-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-014388-1
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Western Paharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pahari
Sylhetihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylheti_language
Dardic languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardic_languages
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bailey_64-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bailey_64-1
3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bailey_64-2
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-65
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bowden_66-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bowden_66-1
3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Bowden_66-2
"Punjabi Tonemics and the Gurmukhi Script: A Preliminary Study"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3982&context=etd
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180417192042/https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3982&context=etd
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-67
Wikidatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)
Q113676548https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113676548
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-68
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-70
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-71
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-72
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-pu300_73-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-pu300_73-1
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-74
"An experimental investigation of tonogenesis in Punjabi".https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0929.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180418161201/https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0929.pdf
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-75
"Laryngeal Tonal characteristics of Punjabi: An Experimental Study"http://www.tdil.meity.gov.in/WSI/papers/updated-ICHCI_SL%20SA.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180418092956/http://www.tdil.meity.gov.in/WSI/papers/updated-ICHCI_SL%20SA.pdf
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-76
"Tonal features in languages of northern Pakistan"http://www.geocities.ws/kcs_kalam/tonefeat.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200728101201/http://www.geocities.ws/kcs_kalam/tonefeat.pdf
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasica1991149_77-0
Masica 1991https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFMasica1991
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-81
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-82
"WALS Online – Language Panjabi"https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_pan
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20191212073124/https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_pan
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-83
Shackle (2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-84
Shackle (2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-85
Masica (1991https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFMasica1991
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Frawley2003_86-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Frawley2003_86-1
Oxford University Presshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-19-513977-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513977-8
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-87
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-415-00320-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00320-9
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhatia2008128_88-0
Bhatia 2008https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFBhatia2008
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201612–13_89-0
Bhardwaj 2016https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFBhardwaj2016
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain200353,_57–8_90-0
Jain 2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFJain2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-91
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781000831597https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000831597
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENayar196646_ff_92-0
Nayar 1966https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFNayar1966
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201612_93-0
Bhardwaj 2016https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFBhardwaj2016
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle2003594_94-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackle2003594_94-1
Shackle 2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFShackle2003
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-95
"Punjabi Language – Structure, Writing & Alphabet – MustGo"https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/punjabi/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220123124609/https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/punjabi/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhardwaj201615_96-0
Bhardwaj 2016https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#CITEREFBhardwaj2016
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-97
Shiv Kumar Batalvihttp://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/shiv%20batalvi/Shiv%20batalvi.htm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20030410071639/http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/shiv%20batalvi/Shiv%20batalvi.htm
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-98
Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the Worldhttps://archive.org/details/encyclopediadias00embe
1077https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadias00embe/page/n1100
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-306-48321-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-48321-9
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-99
"Representations of Piety and Community in Late-nineteenth-century Punjabi Qisse"https://web.archive.org/web/20190106223100/http://www.unc.edu/depts/cdeisi/abstracts.html
Columbia Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University
the originalhttp://www.unc.edu/depts/cdeisi/abstracts.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-100
Indian Literaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Literature
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-101
"The implications of trends in Punjabi: As a covert and/or an overt Prestige in Pakistan"https://www.ahbabtrust.org/ojs/index.php/jicc/article/view/188
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.46896/jicc.v3i01.188https://doi.org/10.46896%2Fjicc.v3i01.188
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240419195902/https://www.ahbabtrust.org/ojs/index.php/jicc/article/view/188
cite journalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal
linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_June_2026
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-102
"Facts about Pakistan"https://web.archive.org/web/20220204114529/http://opr.gov.pk/Detail/ZmI0YjVhNTEtZTE0OS00NDcxLWE0NDEtNGI2ZDY3N2UxYzg3
the originalhttp://opr.gov.pk/Detail/ZmI0YjVhNTEtZTE0OS00NDcxLWE0NDEtNGI2ZDY3N2UxYzg3
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-103
"Punjabis themselves are oppressing their language"https://www.dawn.com/news/1738234/punjabis-themselves-are-oppressing-their-language
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-104
"Why Punjabis in Pakistan Have Abandoned Punjabi"https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/ishtiaq-ahmed-pakistan-punjab-south-asian-languages-punjabi-language-world-news-16791/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230409074915/https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/ishtiaq-ahmed-pakistan-punjab-south-asian-languages-punjabi-language-world-news-16791/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-105
"Chapter 4: "General." of Part XII: "Miscellaneous""http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch4.html
cite webhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web
linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-106
"Linguistic cleansing: the sad fate of Punjabi in Pakistan"http://www.gowanusbooks.com/punjabi.htm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161029194115/http://www.gowanusbooks.com/punjabi.htm
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-107
"University of the Punjab – Examinations"http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/ba_gen_pattern.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170208022145/http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/ba_gen_pattern.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-108
"Department of Punjabi"http://pu.edu.pk/home/department/32/Department-of-Punjabi
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161127220237/http://pu.edu.pk/home/department/32/Department-of-Punjabi
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-109
"The colonisation of language"http://tribune.com.pk/story/841584/the-colonisation-of-language/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150912044311/http://tribune.com.pk/story/841584/the-colonisation-of-language/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-110
"Intelligentsia urges govt to promote Punjabi language"https://web.archive.org/web/20150630230024/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/07-Feb-2015/intelligentsia-urges-govt-to-promote-punjabi-language
the originalhttp://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/07-Feb-2015/intelligentsia-urges-govt-to-promote-punjabi-language
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:1_111-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:1_111-1
"Punjabi, a dying language?"https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1285138-punjabi-a-dying-language
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:2_112-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:2_112-1
3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:2_112-2
4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-:2_112-3
"Why Punjabis in Pakistan Have Abandoned Punjabi"https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/ishtiaq-ahmed-pakistan-punjab-south-asian-languages-punjabi-language-world-news-16791/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-113
"Punjabis Without Punjabi"http://apnaorg.com/articles/ishtiaq8/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170525144848/http://apnaorg.com/articles/ishtiaq8/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-114
"Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor | Pakistan Press International"http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161127220151/http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-115
"Urdu-isation of Punjab – The Express Tribune"http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161127215535/http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-116
"Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi"http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160307142807/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-117
"Sufi poets can guarantee unity"http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20151030021751/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-118
"Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above"http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150916165410/http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-119
"Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP"http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20151021133224/http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-120
"Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi – People & Society – Herald"https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161223065731/http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-121
"Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160927231834/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-122
"Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi"http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160307142807/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-123
"How to Preserve the Punjabi Language"https://web.archive.org/web/20260104205237/https://www.americanpakistan.org/blog-main-feature/punjabi
the originalhttps://www.americanpakistan.org/blog-main-feature/punjabi
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-124
"Punjabi tops as 'most spoken language' in Pakistan"https://www.geo.tv/latest/574766-punjabi-tops-as-most-spoken-language-in-pakistan
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-125
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341314184_PUNJABI_LANGUAGE_IN_PAKISTAN_PAST_PRESENT_AND_FUTUREhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/341314184_PUNJABI_LANGUAGE_IN_PAKISTAN_PAST_PRESENT_AND_FUTURE
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-126
"Apnay Kaar Wich Punjabi Pardesi"https://voicepk.net/2024/12/apnay-kaar-wich-punjabi-pardesi/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-127
"The fight to keep Punjabi alive in Pakistan"https://indianexpress.com/article/research/the-fight-to-keep-punjabi-alive-in-pakistan-9949120/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-128
"How Punjab Can Reclaim Its Language And Lead A More Inclusive Pakistan"https://www.thefridaytimes.com/15-Oct-2025/punjab-can-reclaim-language-lead-inclusive-pakistan
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-129
"Pakistan's Punjab Assembly allows lawmakers to use of Punjabi language in house"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistans-punjab-assembly-allows-lawmakers-to-use-of-punjabi-language-in-house/articleshow/110783754.cms
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-130
"Pak Pb assembly OKs resolution to make Pbi compulsory subject"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/pakistan-punjab-assembly-approves-punjabi-language-as-compulsory-subject/articleshow/114795207.cms
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-131
"Punjabi to be introduced as subject in schools: Maryam"https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1166476-punjabi-to-be-introduced-as-subject-in-schools-maryam
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-132
"CM Maryam Nawaz Sharif Directs to Promote Punjabi ..."https://dgpr.punjab.gov.pk/node/65674
dead linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-133
"CM Maryam orders promotion of Punjabi language"https://www.brecorder.com/news/40394239
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-134
"CM Maryam orders historic steps to promote Punjabi language"https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/919929-cm-maryam-orders-historic-steps-to-promote-punjabi-language
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-135
"Punjabi nationalism"https://www.dawn.com/news/1859272/punjabi-nationalism
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Khokhlova_136-0
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-Khokhlova_136-1
"Majority Language Death"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/4600/1/02Khokhlova.pdf
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/4600/1/02Khokhlova.pdf
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-137
"Fifty Years of Punjab Politics (1920–70)"http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=2123&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX
Panjab Digital Libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjab_Digital_Library
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20190106204510/http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=2123&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-138
"Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab"https://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1017/S0021911808001204https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911808001204
S2CIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)
56127067https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56127067
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170525141617/https://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-139
JSTORhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)
4414869https://www.jstor.org/stable/4414869
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-140
52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in Indiahttps://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf
the originalhttp://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-141
"Serial killer"http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/serial-killer/130865.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150916044000/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/serial-killer/130865.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-142
"SGPC claims Haryana govt ignoring Punjabi language"http://www.hindustantimes.com/amritsar/sgpc-claims-haryana-govt-ignoring-punjabi-language/article1-1374818.aspx
dead linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-143
"Punjabi's of Delhi couldn't get justice for Punjabi language"http://punjabnewsexpress.com/news/mainpage.aspx?name=news%5C41059-punjabi-s-of-delhi-couldn-t-get-justice-for-punjabi-language
permanent dead linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-144
"Sikh bodies oppose DU's 'anti-Punjabi' move"http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130710/punjab.htm#1
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180519214547/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130710/punjab.htm#1
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-145
"final"https://web.archive.org/web/20161124024441/http://punjabiuniversity.ac.in/pbiuniweb/pages/departments/newresearchdepartment.html
the originalhttp://punjabiuniversity.ac.in/pbiuniweb/pages/departments/newresearchdepartment.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-146
"ACTDPL, Punjabi University, Patiala"http://www.learnpunjabi.org/about.aspx
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161210232833/http://learnpunjabi.org/about.aspx
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-147
"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ"https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005250/http://punjabipedia.org/aboutus.aspx
the originalhttp://punjabipedia.org/aboutus.aspx
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-148
"Pbi University launches Punjabipedia | punjab | Hindustan Times"http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/pbi-university-launches-punjabipedia/story-4nxtGZT4ajuIY02MbjwouN.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161123201247/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/pbi-university-launches-punjabipedia/story-4nxtGZT4ajuIY02MbjwouN.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-149
"The Dhahan Prize | The Dhahan Prize for Punjabi Literature"http://dhahanprize.com/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170227040500/http://www.dhahanprize.com/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-150
"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੱਕਾ : ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਵਨ, ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ"http://www.quamiekta.com/2017/05/03/36257/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170503114809/http://www.quamiekta.com/2017/05/03/36257/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-151
"Sirsa again elected Punjabi Sahit Akademi president"http://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/ludhiana/community/sirsa-again-elected-punjabi-sahit-akademi-president/223834.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180813111927/https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/ludhiana/community/sirsa-again-elected-punjabi-sahit-akademi-president/223834.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-152
"Punjabi Academy"https://web.archive.org/web/20170718101904/http://punjabiacademy.com/
the originalhttp://www.punjabiacademy.com/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-153
"JK Cultural Academy"https://web.archive.org/web/20161123081031/http://jkculture.nic.in/seminars.htm
the originalhttp://jkculture.nic.in/seminars.htm#
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-154
"पंजाबी सीखने वाले छात्रों को अगले माह बटेगा एकल प्रोत्साहन राशि"http://m.livehindustan.com/news/lucknow/article1-punjabi-academy-581875.amp.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200728101205/https://www.livehindustan.com/news/lucknow/article1-punjabi-academy-581875.amp.html
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-155
"Welcome to Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture | Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture"https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180642/http://www.pilac.punjab.gov.pk/
the originalhttps://pilac.punjab.gov.pk/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-156
"Microsoft Download Center"https://www.microsoft.com/pa-in/download
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161123205551/https://www.microsoft.com/pa-in/download
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-157
"Punjabi Linux (punlinux) download | SourceForge.net"https://sourceforge.net/projects/punlinux/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161123203353/https://sourceforge.net/projects/punlinux/
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-158
"Connecting to the iTunes Store"https://web.archive.org/web/20161123203742/https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/punjabi-keyboard/id428805745?mt=8
iTuneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes
the originalhttps://itunes.apple.com/in/app/punjabi-keyboard/id428805745?mt=8
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-159
"Google"https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=DYs1WMq5FvGK8QebkZzoBQ
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180809113422/https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=DYs1WMq5FvGK8QebkZzoBQ
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-160
"Google ਅਨੁਵਾਦ"https://translate.google.co.in/?hl=pa&tab=wT
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161229033335/https://translate.google.co.in/?hl=pa
↑https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#cite_ref-161
"Cloud ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ ਔਨਲਾਈਨ ਅਜਮਾਓ – Google ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ"https://www.google.com/intl/pa/inputtools/try/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170112124745/https://www.google.com/intl/pa/inputtools/try/
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.4324/9781315760803https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315760803
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781138793859https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138793859
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1017/CBO9780511619069.008https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511619069.008
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780511619069https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780511619069
Grierson, George A.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Abraham_Grierson
Linguistic Survey of Indiahttp://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=9-1&pages=843
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-0-415-77294-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77294-5
Masica, Colinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Masica
The Indo-Aryan Languageshttps://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&q=indo-aryan+languages
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Minority Politics in the Punjabhttps://books.google.com/books?id=WBrWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9781400875948https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400875948
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"Marginality and language use: the example of peripatetics in Afghanistan"http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015077550260;view=1up;seq=11
Shackle, Christopherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Shackle
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.xhttps://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x
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0079-1636https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0079-1636
"Panjabi"https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&q=indo-aryan+languages&pg=PA581
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Western Punjabi editionhttps://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia
English to Punjabi Dictionaryhttp://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20100310134224/http://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/
Wayback Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
Proposal to encode ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING ABOVEhttps://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24046-arabic-noon-ring.pdf
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Grammarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_grammar
Gurmukhi scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_script
Shahmukhi scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet
Punjabi Braillehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Braille
Dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialects_of_the_Punjab
Literaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_literature
Punjabi nationalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism
Punjabiyathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabiyat
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Languages of Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India
Officiallanguageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_with_official_recognition_in_India
Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_English
8th schedulehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India
Constitution of Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India
Assamesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_language
Bengalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
Kannadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada
Malayalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam
Marathihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language
Odiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
Tamilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language
Teluguhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language
Bodohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro_language_(India)
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Gujaratihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_language
Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi
Kashmirihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language
Konkanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkani_language
Maithilihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_language
Meiteihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_language
Nepalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_language
Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Santalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santali_language
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Angikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angika
Bhojpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhojpuri_language
Chhattisgarhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language
Garohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garo_language
Gurunghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurung_language
Hohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_language
Kamatapurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRNB_lects
Khariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharia_language
Khasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasi_language
Khorthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khortha_language
Kokborokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokborok
Kurmalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmali_language
Kurukhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_language
Lepchahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language
Limbuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_language
Magahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magahi_language
Magarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magar_language
Mizohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizo_language
Mundarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundari_language
Newarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar_language
Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_languages
Rajbangshihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpuri_language
Sadrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadri_language
Sherpahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherpa_language
Sikkimesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_language
Sunwarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwar_language
Tamanghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamang_language
Majorunofficiallanguageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India
Over 1 millionspeakershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#More_than_one_million_speakers
Awadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awadhi_language
Baghelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagheli_language
Bagrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language
Bajjikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajjika
Bhilihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhili_language
Bundelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeli_language
Brajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj_Bhasha
Dhundharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhundari_language
Garhwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwali_language
Gondihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_language
Harautihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harauti_language
Haryanvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanvi_language
Kangrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangri_dialect
Khandeshihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khandeshi_language
Kumaonihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaoni_language
Lambadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambadi
Malvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvi_language
Marwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language
Mewarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language
Nimadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimadi_language
Rajasthanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languages
Surjapurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjapuri_language
Tuluhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulu_language
Wagdihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagdi
Varhadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varhadi_dialect
100,000 – 1 millionspeakershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#100,000_to_one_million_speakers
Adihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_language
Angamihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angami_language
Aohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language
Badagahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badaga_language
Dimasahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimasa_language
Halbihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbi_language
Karbihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbi_language
Khottahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khotta_Bhasha
Kodavahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodava_language
Kolamihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolami_language
Konyakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konyak_language
Korkuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korku_language
Koyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koya_language
Kuihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kui_language_(India)
Kuvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvi_language
Ladakhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_language
Lothahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotha_language
Maltohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malto_language
Misinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mising_language
Nishihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishi_language
Phomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phom_language
Rabhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabha_language
Semahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sema_language
Sorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora_language
Tangkhulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangkhul_language
Thadouhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thadou_language
Linguistic historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India
Classicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_languages_of_India
Multilingualismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism_in_India
Endangeredhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India
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Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
nationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_language
Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_English
administrative unithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan
Azad Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Gujarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language
Kashmirihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language
Kundal Shahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language
Pahari-Pothwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari
Balochistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan
Balochihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language
Brahuihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_language
Dehwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehwari_language
Hazaragihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect
Jadgalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadgali_language
Khetranihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khetrani_language
Lasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasi_language
Pashtohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Wanetsihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanetsi
Gilgit-Baltistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan
Baltihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_language
Burushaskihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burushaski
Dawoodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawoodi_language
Khowarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khowar_language
Purgihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgi_language
Gujarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language
Sarikolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarikoli_language
Shinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shina_language
Wakhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi_language
Khyber Pakhtunkhwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa
Badeshihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badeshi
Baterihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateri_language
Chilissohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilisso_language
Damelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameli_language
Gujarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language
Gawar-Batihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language
Gawrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawri_language
Gowrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowro_language
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Indus Kohistanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Kohistani
Kalamihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalami_language
Kalashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasha_language
Kalkotihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkoti_language
Kamvirihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamviri_dialect
Khowarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khowar_language
Kohistani Shinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohistani_Shina
Mankiyalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankiyali_language
Munjihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munji_language
Ormurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormuri
Palulahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palula_language
Pashtohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Sarikolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarikoli_language
Sawihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)
Shekhanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhani_dialect
Torwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torwali_language
Ushojihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushoji_language
Wakhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi_language
Wazirihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziri_language
Yidghahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidgha_language
Punjabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan
Bagrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language
Balochihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Haryanvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanvi_language
Marwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language
Mewarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language
Pahari-Pothwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari
Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Rajasthanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languages
Rangrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Sindhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh
Aerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer_language
Bagrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language
Bengalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
Bhayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaya_language
Dhatkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhatki_language
Goariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaria_language
Gujaratihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_language
Jandavrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jandavra_language
Jogihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogi_language
Kachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language
Parkarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language
Wadiyarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language
Kutchihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchi_language
Loarkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loarki_language
Marwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language
Memonihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoni_language
Mewarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language
Odhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od_language
Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
Rajasthanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languages
Rangrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Vaghrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaghri_language
Indo-Aryan languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages
Dardic languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardic_languages
Iranic languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages
Pakistani Sign Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language
Arabichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
Persianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Pakistani Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_in_Pakistan
Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi
Chagataihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_language
vhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages
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Indo-Aryan languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages
Dardichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardic_languages
Kashmirihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language
Kishtwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishtwari
Pogalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogali
Shinaichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shina_languages
Brokskathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokskat_language
Kalkotihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkoti_language
Kohistani Shinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohistani_Shina
Kundal Shahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language
Sawihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)
Shinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shina_language
Palulahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palula_language
Ushojihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushoji_language
Damelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameli_language
Gawar-Batihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language
Nangalamihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangalami_language
Shumashtihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shumashti_language
Kohistanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohistani_languages
Baterihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateri_language
Chilissohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilisso_language
Gawrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawri_language
Gowrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowro_language
Indus Kohistanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Kohistani_language
Tirahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirahi_language
Torwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torwali_language
Mankiyalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankiyali_language
Wotapuri–Katarqalaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wotapuri-Katarqalai_language
Chitrali Kalashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasha_language
Urtsuniwarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtsuniwar
Khowarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khowar
Gandharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhari_language
Pashayihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashayi_languages
Northernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indo-Aryan_languages
Dotelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doteli
Jumlihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumli_language
Nepalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_language
Garhwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwali_language
Kumaonihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaoni_language
Westernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pahari
Dogrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogri_language
Kangrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangri_language
Bhadarwahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhadarwahi_language
Churahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churahi
Bhatealihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhateali
Bilaspurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaspuri
Chambealihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambeali
Gaddihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaddi_language
Pangwalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangwali
Mandealihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandeali
Mahasu Paharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahasu_Pahari
Jaunsarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunsari_language
Kulluihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullui
Pahari Kinnaurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari_Kinnauri_language
Hindurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduri_language
Sirmaurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirmauri_language
Sarazihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarazi_language
Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages
Sansihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansi_language
Lahndahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahnda
Hindkohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko
Inkuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inku_language
Khetranihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khetrani_language
Pahari-Pothwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari
Saraikihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languages
Jadgalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadgali_language
Kholosihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kholosi_language
Kutchihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchi_language
Luwatihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwati_language
Memonihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoni_language
Sindhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language
Gujaratihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_languages
Aerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer_language
Gujaratihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_language
Lisan ud-Dawathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisan_ud-Dawat
Jandavrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jandavra_language
Kachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language
Parkarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language
Wadiyarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language
Saurashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurashtra_language
Vaghrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaghri_language
Rajasthanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languages
Bagrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language
Dhatkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhatki_language
Dhundarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhundari_language
Goariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaria_language
Gujarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language
Harautihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harauti_language
Lambadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambadi
Loarkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loarki_language
Malvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvi_language
Marwarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language
Mewarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language
Mewatihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewati_language
Ahirwatihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahirwati
Nimadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimadi_language
Odhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od_language
Shekhawatihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhawati_language
Bhilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhil_languages
Bhilihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhili_language
Bhilalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhilali_language
Chodrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodri_language
Dhodia–Kuknahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhodia–Kukna_language
Dhankihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhanki_language
Dublihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubli_language
Bauriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauria_language
Bhilorihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhilori_language
Mawchihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawchi_language
Magarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magari_language
Palya Barelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palya_Bareli_language
Pauri Barelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauri_Bareli_language
Rathwi Barelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathwi_Bareli_language
Pardhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardhi_language
Gamithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamit_language
Kaltohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalto_language
Vasavihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasavi_language
Wagdihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagdi
Vaagri Boolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaagri_Booli_language
Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language
Northernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Romani_dialects
Angloromanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angloromani
Scottish Canthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Cant
Welsh Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Romani_language
Finnish Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Romani_language
Laiuse Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laiuse_Romani_language
Scandoromanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandoromani
Sinte Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinte_Romani
Balkan Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Romani
Rumelian Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumelian_Romani
Zargari Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zargari_Romani
Baltic Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Romani
Calóhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caló_language
Carpathian Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Romani
Bohemian Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Romani
Greek Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Greek
Serbian Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Serbian_language
Vlax Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlax_Romani_language
Kalderash Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalderash_Romani_language
Erromintxelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromintxela_language
Khandeshihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khandeshi_language
Dawoodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawoodi_language
Domarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domari_language
Kurbethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbet_language
Lomavrenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomavren_language
Centralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages
Braj Bhashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj_Bhasha
Bundelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeli_language
Haryanvihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanvi_language
Hindustanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language
Kauravihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauravi_dialect
Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi
Hinglishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinglish
Urdishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdish
Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu
Deccanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccani_language
Judeo-Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Urdu
Hyderabadi Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabadi_Urdu
Rekhtahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekhta
Kannaujihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauji_language
Sansihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansi_language
Sadhukkadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhukkadi
Awadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awadhi_language
Baghelihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagheli_language
Chhattisgarhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language
Fiji Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Hindi
Paryahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parya_language
Easternhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages
Biharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihari_languages
Bhojpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhojpuri_language
Caribbean Hindustanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani
Magahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magahi_language
Maithilihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_language
Angikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angika
Bajjikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajjika
Sadrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadri_language
Kurmalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmali_language
Khorthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khortha_language
Tharuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharu_languages
Kochilahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochila_Tharu
Buksahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksa_language
Majhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majhi_language
Musasahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musasa_language
Kumhalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumhali_language
Bote-Daraihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bote-Darai_language
Danwarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danwar_language
Gauda–Kamarupahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauda–Kamarupa_languages
Bengalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language
dialectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_dialects
Bishnupriya Manipurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language
Hajonghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajong_language
Kharia Tharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharia_Thar_language
Kurmukarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmukar_language
Mal Pahariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_Paharia_language
Noakhalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noakhali_language
Sylhetihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylheti_language
Tanchangyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanchangya_language
Chittagonianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagonian_language
Chakmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_language
Rohingyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_language
Assamesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_language
Kamrupihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamrupi_dialects
Dehanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehan_dialect
Goalpariyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalpariya_dialects
Kayorthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewat_language
Rajbanshi (Nepal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajbanshi_language_(Nepal)
Rangpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpuri_language
Surjapurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjapuri_language
Odiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language
Sambalpurihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpuri_language
Desiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desia_language
Bhatrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatri_language
Bodo Parjahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_Parja_language
Relihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli_language
Kupiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupia_language
Halbichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbic_languages
Halbihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbi_language
Kamarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamar_language
Bhunjiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhunjia_language_(Halbic)
Naharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahari_language
Marathi–Konkanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi-Konkani_languages
Marathihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language
Varhadihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varhadi_dialect
Andhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andh_language
Berar Deccanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berar-Deccan_Marathi
Varlihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varli_language
Phudagihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phudagi_language
Katkarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katkari_language
Kadodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadodi_language
Konkanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkani_language
Maharashtrian Konkanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrian_Konkani
Nawayathihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawayathi
Dhivehihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi_language
Sinhalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_language
Veddahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedda_language
Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
Vedichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit
Classicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Sanskrit
Mitanni superstratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_superstrate_in_Mitanni
Middlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan_languages
Ashokan Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashokan_Prakrit
Pālihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali
Early Ardhamagadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit
Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrit
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_Hybrid_Sanskrit
Dramatic Prakritshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatic_Prakrit
Ardhamagadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit
Magadhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit
Maharashtrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtri_Prakrit
Shaurasenihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit
Epigraphical Hybrid Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphical_Hybrid_Sanskrit
Gāndhārīhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhari_language
Gaudihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudi_Prakrit
Monumental Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumental_Prakrit
Paishachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paishachi
Apabhraṃśahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhraṃśa
Abahatthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abahattha
Apabhraṃśahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhraṃśa
Eluhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elu
Kamarupihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarupi_Prakrit
Khasa Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasa_Prakrit_language
Proto-Indo-Iranianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language
Proto-Indo-Aryanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Aryan_language
Early Romanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Romani
Badeshihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badeshi
Bazigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazigar_language
Chinali–Lahulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinali–Lahul_languages
Chinalihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinali_language
Lahul Loharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahul_Lohar_language
Sheikhgalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikhgal
Andaman Creole Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Creole_Hindi
Bombay Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Hindi
Haflong Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haflong_Hindi
Kurbethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbet_language
Nagamesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagamese_creole
Nefamesehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefamese
Veddahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedda_language
Indo-Iranian languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages
Nuristani languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristani_languages
Iranian languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages
vhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics
thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics
ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics
Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
topicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan
Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pakistan
Stone agehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age
Soanianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soanian
Mehrgarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrgarh
Indus Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Indo-Iranicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Iranians
Indo-Aryanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_period
Achaemenidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire
Seleucid Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire
Greco-Bactrianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom
Mauryahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empire
Indo-Greekhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom
Gandharahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhara
Indo-Scythianshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom
Kushanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushan_Empire
Indo-Sassanidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom
Indo-Hephthalitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephthalites
Kambojashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambojas
Rai dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_dynasty
Shahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_Shahis
Palahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_Empire
Solankihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty
Muhammad ibn al-Qasimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim
Ghaznavidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavids
Ghuridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty
Mamlukhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)
Khaljihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalji_dynasty
Tughlaqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty
Sayyidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty
Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynasty
Timuridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Empire
Mughalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire
East India Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_India
Durranihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durrani_Empire
Sikh Confederacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misl
Sikh Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire
First Anglo-Afghan Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War
First Anglo-Sikh Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War
Second Anglo-Sikh Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War
Rebellionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857
British Rajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj
Second Anglo-Afghan Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War
Durand Linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durand_Line
Third Anglo-Afghan Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War
Aligarh Movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh_Movement
Hindi–Urdu controversyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi–Urdu_controversy
Pakistan Movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Movement
Muslim Leaguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League
Two nation theoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)
Jinnah's 14 Pointshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah
Lahore Resolutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution
Direct Action Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action_Day
Partitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India
Independencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947
Dominion of Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan
Monarchy of Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan
Governor-Generalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan
Princely stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan
1947 Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947–1948
Liaquat–Nehru Pacthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaquat–Nehru_Pact
Baghdad Pacthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Pact
1947–presenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947–present)
Indus Treatyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty
1965 Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965
1971 Movementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)
1971 Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War
Project-706https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project-706
Islamisationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisation_in_Pakistan
Balochistan insurgencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan
KPK insurgencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa
Kargil Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_War
Liberalizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d'état
Geographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan
Beacheshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan
Desertshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan
Glaciershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan
Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan
Lakeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan
Mountainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan
Passeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan
Rivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan
Topographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan
Valleyshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan
Waterfallshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan
Wetlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan
Arabian Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea
Gwatar Bayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwatar_Bay
Indus Plainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain
Pothohar Plateauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau
Salt Rangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Range
Sistan Basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistan_Basin
Geologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan
Coal fieldshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan
Gas fieldshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan
Mineralshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan
Oil fieldshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan
Volcanoeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan
Floodshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan
Botanical gardenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan
Ecoregionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan
Climate changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan
Environmental issueshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan
Forestshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan
Protected areashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan
national parkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan
game reserveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan
sanctuarieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan
Wildlifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan
florahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan
faunahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan
Zooshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan
Archaeological siteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan
Bordershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan
Climatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan
weather recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan
Bordershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan
Natural disastershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan
earthquakeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan
floodshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan
Subdivisionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan
provinceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan
districtshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan
citieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan
World Heritage Siteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan
Governancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan
Presidenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistan
National Security Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)
C2NShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)
NCAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)
National governmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan
Cabinethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan
Ministrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan
Prime Ministerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan
Provincial governmentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan
Governorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors
Chief Ministershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers
Local governmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan
Union councilshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan
Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan
Senate (upper house)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan
Chairmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan
National Assembly (lower house)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan
Speakerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan
Provincial assemblieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan
Judicialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan
Supreme Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan
Supreme Courthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan
Chief Justicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan
Federal Shariat Courthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court
High Courtshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan
District Courtshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan
Politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan
Electionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan
Foreign relationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan
Feudalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan
Political partieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan
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