René's URL Explorer Experiment


Title: Data Protection Directive - Wikipedia

Open Graph Title: Data Protection Directive - Wikipedia

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Domain: en.wikipedia.org

Hey, it has json ld scripts: 
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(Top) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive
1 Context https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Context
2 Content https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Content
2.1 Scope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Scope
2.2 Principles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Principles
2.2.1 Transparency https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Transparency
2.2.2 Legitimate purpose https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Legitimate_purpose
2.2.3 Proportionality https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Proportionality
2.3 Supervisory authority and the public register of processing operations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Supervisory_authority_and_the_public_register_of_processing_operations
2.4 Transfer of personal data to third countries https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Transfer_of_personal_data_to_third_countries
3 Implementation by the member states https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Implementation_by_the_member_states
4 Replacement by the General Data Protection Regulation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Replacement_by_the_General_Data_Protection_Regulation
5 Comparison with other jurisdictions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Comparison_with_other_jurisdictions
5.1 Comparison with United States data protection law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#Comparison_with_United_States_data_protection_law
6 See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#See_also
7 References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#References
8 External links https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#External_links
Catalàhttps://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directiva_de_Protecci%C3%B3_de_Dades
Danskhttps://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databeskyttelsesdirektivet
Deutschhttps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richtlinie_95/46/EG_(Datenschutzrichtlinie)
Españolhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directiva_de_Protecci%C3%B3n_de_Datos
Euskarahttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datuak_Babesteko_Zuzentaraua
Françaishttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_95/46/CE_sur_la_protection_des_donn%C3%A9es_personnelles
Nederlandshttps://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richtlijn_95/46/EG
Norsk bokmålhttps://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personverndirektivet
Portuguêshttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diretiva_de_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Dados
Suomihttps://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direktiivi_95/46/EY
Svenskahttps://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataskyddsdirektivet
Українськаhttps://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85
中文https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4
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Wikidata itemhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q911488
European Union directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)
European Parliamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament
Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council
Journalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union
L281, 23 November 1995, p. 31–50http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31995L0046
Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission
a serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Global_surveillance
Global surveillancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surveillance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globe_eye_icon.svg
Originshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_global_surveillance
Pre-2013https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(1970%E2%80%932013)
2013–presenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_global_surveillance_disclosures
Reactionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_global_surveillance_disclosures
List of government mass surveillance projectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_government_mass_surveillance_projects
XKeyscorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XKeyscore
PRISMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM
ECHELONhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON
Sentienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)
Carnivorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_(software)
Dishfirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishfire
Stone Ghosthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Ghost
Temporahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempora
Frenchelonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchelon
Fairviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairview_(surveillance_program)
MYSTIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)
DCSNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Collection_System_Network
Boundless Informanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundless_Informant
Bullrunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullrun_(decryption_program)
Pinwalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinwale
Stingrayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray_phone_tracker
SORMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORM
RAMPART-Ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMPART-A
Mastering the Internethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastering_the_Internet
Jindalee Operational Radar Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jindalee_Operational_Radar_Network
FVEYhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Eyes
ASDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Signals_Directorate
CSEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Security_Establishment
GCSBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Communications_Security_Bureau
GCHQhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCHQ
NSAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency
BNDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service
BSSNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cyber_and_Crypto_Agency
CNIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)
DIHhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters
DGSEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security
KGBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB
MSShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)
JSCUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Sigint_Cyber_Unit
Spetssvyazhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia
Unit 8200https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_8200
The Doughnuthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Doughnut
Fort Meadehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Meade
Menwith Hillhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Menwith_Hill
Pine Gaphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Gap
Southern Cross Cablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cross_Cable#Spying_and_interception
Utah Data Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Data_Center
Bad Aibling Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Aibling_Station
Dagger Complexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagger_Complex
GCHQ Budehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCHQ_Bude
UKUSA Agreementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement
Lustrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lustre_(treaty)
USA Freedom Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Freedom_Act
FISA amendmentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008
Data Retention Directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Retention_Directive
GDPRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation
National Intelligence Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Intelligence_Law
Cybersecurity Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China
Investigatory Powers Act 2016https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigatory_Powers_Act_2016
FISA Improvements Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISA_Improvements_Act
Other proposalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_reforms_of_mass_surveillance_by_the_United_States
Mass surveillancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance
Corporatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_surveillance
Industryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_industry
Culture of fearhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_fear
Secure communicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_communication
Security sector governance and reformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_sector_governance_and_reform
SIGINThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signals_intelligence
Call detail recordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_detail_record
Surveillance issues in smart citieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities
Intelligence fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_field
Espionagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage
Intelligence agencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_agency
Cryptographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography
Torhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(network)
VPNshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network
TLShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security
Human rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights
Privacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_privacy
Libertyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties
Satelliteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite
Stop Watching Ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Watching_Us
Nothing to hide argumenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_to_hide_argument
vhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Global_surveillance
thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Global_surveillance
ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_surveillance
European Union directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_directive
personal datahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_data
European Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union
privacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_law
human rights lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_law
fundamental rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_rights
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-1
General Data Protection Regulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-BlackmerGDPR16-2
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=1
privacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy
Council of Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe
European Convention on Human Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-3
European Court of Human Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights
Willis Warehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Ware
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-4
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-5
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-6
OECDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-ReferenceA-7
OECDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD
data privacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_privacy
OECDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-ReferenceA-7
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-ReferenceA-7
Council of Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe
Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Datahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Individuals_with_regard_to_Automatic_Processing_of_Personal_Data
[8]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-8
Stasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasi
Bundesdatenschutzgesetzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesdatenschutzgesetz
European Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=2
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natural personhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_person
credit card numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number
naturalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_person
artificial personhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristic_person
jurisprudencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudence
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public interesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interest
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[9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-9
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edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=9
European Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union
Article 29 Working Partyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_29_Working_Party
Safe Harbour Principleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Safe_Harbor_Privacy_Principles
[10]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-10
EU–US Privacy Shieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU%E2%80%93US_Privacy_Shield
EU–US Data Privacy Frameworkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU%E2%80%93US_Data_Privacy_Framework
[11]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-R89-11
passenger name recordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_name_record
[12]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-12
Jonathan Faullhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Faull
[13]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-Faull-13
[14]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-14
not specific enough to verifyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability
[15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-15
Czech Republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic
[11]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-R89-11
data protectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_privacy
Privacy Act of 1974https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974
Estoniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia
Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece
[16]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-16
not specific enough to verifyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=10
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=11
European Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission
General Data Protection Regulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-MLGNew12-17
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-MLGNew12-17
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-BlackmerGDPR16-2
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-BlackmerGDPR16-2
privacy policieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=12
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=13
[update]https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit
[18]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-18
Video Privacy Protection Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Privacy_Protection_Act
Cable Television Protection and Competition Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Television_Protection_and_Competition_Act
[19]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-19
Fair Credit Reporting Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Credit_Reporting_Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-20
[21]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-21
[22]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-22
[23]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-23
Bill Clintonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton
Al Gorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-24
laissez-faire economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laissez-faire_economics
[25]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-25
First Amendmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
United States Constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution
[26]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-26
United States Supreme Courthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court
[27]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-27
[28]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-28
World War IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
Communisthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist
[29]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-29
[30]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-30
[31]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-31
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-ReferenceA-7
[32]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-32
[33]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-33
Big Techhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech
[34]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-34
Alibabahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group
Tencenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent
[35]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-35
[36]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-auto-36
[37]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-37
propagandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda
[38]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-38
[39]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_note-39
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=14
Auditing information securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditing_information_security
Data governancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_governance
Data Protection Act 1998https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998
Data Protection (Jersey) Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_(Jersey)_Law
Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_Privacy_and_Electronic_Communications
ePrivacy Regulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPrivacy_Regulation
Information Commissionerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Commissioner
Information privacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_privacy
Information technology audithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology_audit
International Safe Harbor Privacy Principleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Safe_Harbor_Privacy_Principles
National data protection authoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_data_protection_authorities
Personal Data Privacy and Security Act of 2009https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Data_Privacy_and_Security_Act_of_2009
Safe harbourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_harbor_(law)
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"GDPR: Getting Ready for the New EU General Data Protection Regulation"https://web.archive.org/web/20180514111300/https://www.infolawgroup.com/2016/05/articles/gdpr/gdpr-getting-ready-for-the-new-eu-general-data-protection-regulation/
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-3
"EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights"https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/council-europe/79840/eu-accession-european-convention-human-rights_en
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Ware, Willis H.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Ware
RAND and the information evolution: a history in essays and vignetteshttps://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/corporate_pubs/2008/RAND_CP537.pdf
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Elliot Richardsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Richardson
Privacy Act of 1974https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-6
Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Datahttp://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,2340,en_2649_34255_1815186_1_1_1_1,00.html
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"Modernisation of the Data Protection 'Convention 108'"https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/28-january-data-protection-day-factsheet
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-9
"Protection of personal data"http://ec.europa.eu/justice/data-protection/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-10
"Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) – 6 October 2015"http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=169195&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=162892
ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-R89_11-0
bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-R89_11-1
"A divided Europe wants to protect its personal data wanted by the U.S."http://www.rue89.com/2008/03/04/a-divided-europe-wants-to-protect-its-personal-data-wanted-by-the-us
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20110522052052/http://www.rue89.com/2008/03/04/a-divided-europe-wants-to-protect-its-personal-data-wanted-by-the-us
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Rue 89https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_89
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-12
"New EU-US PNR Agreement on the processing and transfer of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data"https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021643/http://www.libertysecurity.org/article1591.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-Faull_13-0
"Brussels attacks new U.S. security demands"http://euobserver.com/9/25657
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-14
Statewatch newsletterhttp://www.statewatch.org/news/
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"Memorandum of Understanding Between the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic and the Department of Homeland Security of the United States of America Regarding the United States Visa Waiver Program and Related Enhanced Security Measures"http://www.statewatch.org/news/2008/mar/us-czech-mou-visas-etc.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-16
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"New draft European data protection regime"https://web.archive.org/web/20160325215842/http://mlawgroup.de/news/publications/detail.php?we_objectID=227
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-18
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-19
"CABLE TELEVISION CONSUMER PROTECTION AND COMPETITION ACT OF 1992"https://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/OSEC/library/legislative_histories/1439.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-20
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-21
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-22
"A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce"https://web.archive.org/web/20061221114651/http://www.technology.gov/digeconomy/framewrk.htm
the originalhttp://www.technology.gov/digeconomy/framewrk.htm
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-23
"You Cheated, You Lied: The Safe Harbor Agreement and its Enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol70/iss6/29/
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-25
"A Semi-Automated Methodology for Extracting Access Control Rules from the European Data Protection Directive"https://web.archive.org/web/20190410065222/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7517741&punumber=7517741
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-26
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-27
Roe v. Wadehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe_v._Wade
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-28
California Constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Constitution
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-29
Ryan Moshell, ...And Then There was one: The Outlook for a Self-Regulatory United States Amidst a Global Trend Toward Comprehensive Data Protection, 37 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 357, 358http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/text37&div=19&id=&page=
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-30
"The History Place – World War II in Europe Timeline: November 9/10 1938 – Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass"http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/knacht-bio.htm
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-31
"The Great Cookie Caper: Internet Privacy and Target Marketing at Home and Abroad Notes & Comments 15"http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/stlr15&div=27&id=&page=
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-32
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-33
clarification neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify
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"Fuzzy Anonymity Rules Could Stymie EU's Big Data Sharing Ideas"https://www.cpomagazine.com/data-privacy/fuzzy-anonymity-rules-could-stymie-eus-big-data-sharing-ideas/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-35
"Beijing's battle to control its homegrown tech giants"https://www.todayonline.com/world/beijings-battle-control-its-homegrown-tech-giants
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-auto_36-0
"DIGITAL ECONOMY REPORT 2019: VALUE CREATION AND CAPTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/der2019_overview_en.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-37
"Value-added of China's digital economy totals 5 trillion USD in 2019: white paper - Xinhua | English.news.cn"https://web.archive.org/web/20201027024155/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/03/c_139186711.htm#:~:text=SHANGHAI,%20July%203%20(Xinhua),China%20Academy%20of%20Information%20and
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"EU vows tougher response on hybrid threats"https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-vows-tougher-response-on-hybrid-threats-hacking-misinformation-cyberattacks/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive#cite_ref-39
"GDPR vs NDPA: Key Differences Explained"https://privacyneedle.com/general-privacy/gdpr-vs-ndpa-key-differences-explained/
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_Protection_Directive&action=edit§ion=16
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such datahttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31995L0046
EU data protection pagehttps://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en
2000/520/EC: Commission Decision of 26 July 2000 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequacy of the protection provided by the safe harbour privacy principles and related frequently asked questions issued by the US Department of Commerce (notified under document number C(2000) 2441)https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02000D0520-20000825
Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sectorhttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02002L0058-20091219
Procedure 2012/0011/CODhttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/HIS/?uri=CELEX:52012AE1303
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