René's URL Explorer Experiment


Title: Assembly language - Wikipedia

Open Graph Title: Assembly language - Wikipedia

Generator: MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.15

direct link

Domain: en.wikipedia.org

Hey, it has json ld scripts: 
{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Assembly language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assembly_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q165436","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q165436","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-10T08:12:02Z","dateModified":"2026-02-03T21:27:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/Motorola_6800_Assembly_Language.png","headline":"any low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions"}
referrerorigin-when-cross-origin
format-detectiontelephone=no
og:imagehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Motorola_6800_Assembly_Language.png/960px-Motorola_6800_Assembly_Language.png
og:image:width753
og:image:height1200
og:typewebsite

Links:

Jump to contenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#bodyContent
Main pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents
Current eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events
Random articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random
About Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About
Contact ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
Helphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents
Learn to edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction
Community portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal
Recent changeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges
Upload filehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard
Special pageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Search https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search
Donatehttps://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Create accounthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assembly+language
Log inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assembly+language
Donatehttps://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en
Create accounthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assembly+language
Log inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assembly+language
(Top) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages
1 Assembly language syntax https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Assembly_language_syntax
2 Terminology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Terminology
3 Key concepts https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Key_concepts
3.1 Assembler https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Assembler
3.1.1 Number of passes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Number_of_passes
3.1.2 High-level assemblers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#High-level_assemblers
3.2 Assembly language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Assembly_language
3.3 "Hello, world!" on x86 Linux https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#"Hello,_world!"_on_x86_Linux
4 Language design https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Language_design
4.1 Basic elements https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Basic_elements
4.1.1 Opcode mnemonics and extended mnemonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Opcode_mnemonics_and_extended_mnemonics
4.1.2 Data directives https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Data_directives
4.1.3 Assembly directives https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Assembly_directives
4.2 Macros https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Macros
4.3 Support for structured programming https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Support_for_structured_programming
5 Use of assembly language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Use_of_assembly_language
5.1 Current usage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Current_usage
5.2 Typical applications https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Typical_applications
6 See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#See_also
7 Notes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Notes
8 References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#References
9 Further reading https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Further_reading
10 External links https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#External_links
Deutschhttps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblersprache
Françaishttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembleur
Españolhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_ensamblador
Русскийhttps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0
日本語https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E
Nederlandshttps://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembleertaal
中文https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80
Svenskahttps://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler
فارسیhttps://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C
עבריתhttps://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A3
Magyarhttps://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly
Suomihttps://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_(ohjelmointikieli)
Tiếng Việthttps://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_ng%E1%BB%AF
Norsk bokmålhttps://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler
Українськаhttps://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0
한국어https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%85%88%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4
Catalàhttps://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llenguatge_d%27assemblador
Češtinahttps://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazyk_symbolick%C3%BDch_adres
Српски / srpskihttps://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80
Românăhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbaj_de_asamblare
Bahasa Indonesiahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_rakitan
Danskhttps://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblersprog
Simple Englishhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
Българскиhttps://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA
Asturianuhttps://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llinguaxe_ensamblador
Azərbaycancahttps://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0
বাংলাhttps://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE
Bosanskihttps://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asembler
Ελληνικάhttps://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_(%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D)
Esperantohttps://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asembla_lingvo
Eestihttps://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblerkeel
Euskarahttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihiztadura-lengoaia
Gaeilgehttps://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_d%C3%ADolama
Galegohttps://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaxe_ensambladora
हिन्दीhttps://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE
Hrvatskihttps://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemblerski_jezik
Íslenskahttps://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalam%C3%A1l
ქართულიhttps://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98
Қазақшаhttps://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96
Kurdîhttps://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly
Lombardhttps://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly
Lietuviųhttps://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemblerio_kalba
Latviešuhttps://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamblervaloda
മലയാളംhttps://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7
Монголhttps://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB
Bahasa Melayuhttps://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_himpunan
Mirandéshttps://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaige_de_montaige
ਪੰਜਾਬੀhttps://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE
Scotshttps://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemmly_leid
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиhttps://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemblerski_jezik
Slovenčinahttps://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazyk_symbolick%C3%BDch_in%C5%A1trukci%C3%AD
Slovenščinahttps://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbirni_jezik
ไทยhttps://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5
اردوhttps://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86
吴语https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80
Türkçehttps://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly
粵語https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80
Italianohttps://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaggio_assembly
Тоҷикӣhttps://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8
Portuguêshttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagem_assembly
Latinahttps://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_coactionis
العربيةhttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9
සිංහලhttps://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаhttps://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler
Беларускаяhttps://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0
Idohttps://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemblolinguo
తెలుగుhttps://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7
Kadazandusunhttps://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Simbong
Piemontèishttps://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengagi_assembler
Հայերենhttps://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80
Shqiphttps://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_assembler
Edit linkshttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165436#sitelinks-wikipedia
Articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
Talkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Assembly_language
Readhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
Edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit
View historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=history
Readhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
Edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit
View historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=history
What links herehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Assembly_language
Related changeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Assembly_language
Upload filehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Permanent linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&oldid=1336448157
Page informationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=info
Cite this pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Assembly_language&id=1336448157&wpFormIdentifier=titleform
Get shortened URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssembly_language
Download QR codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssembly_language
Download as PDFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Assembly_language&action=show-download-screen
Printable versionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&printable=yes
Wikimedia Commonshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Assembly_languages
Wikibookshttps://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Assembly_languages
Wikiversityhttps://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Assembly_language
Wikidata itemhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165436
Assembly languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_languages&redirect=no
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motorola_6800_Assembly_Language.png
Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola
MC6800https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC6800
Paradigmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigm
Imperativehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programming
unstructuredhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstructured_programming
metaprogramminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaprogramming
macroshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)
structuredhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming
object-orientedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
Typing disciplinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system
Filename extensionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-IBM_2014_ASM-1
[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Ohio_2016-2
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Archer_2016-3
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Streib_2020_p.-4
low-level programming languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_programming_language
architecture'shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture
machine codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code
instructionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Saxon_1962-5
statementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(computer_science)
commentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)
directiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(programming)
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Kornelis_2010-6
labelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_(computer_science)
memory locationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_location
registershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register
macroshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_instruction
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-IBM_2014_Macro-7
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-IBM_2014_ASM-1
Kathleenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Booth
Andrew Donald Boothhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Donald_Booth
[8]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-8
utility programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_software
assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler_(computing)
Wilkeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes
Wheelerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wheeler_(computer_scientist)
Gillhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Gill
The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Preparation_of_Programs_for_an_Electronic_Digital_Computer
[9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Wilkes_1951-9
[10]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Fairhead_2017-10
source codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code
[nb 1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-11
computer architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture
x86https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
ARMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family
[11]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-OS360_2011-12
[12]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Austerlitz_2003_pp._326–360-13
[13]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Carnes_2022-14
operating systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
syntaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)
[nb 2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-15
processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_(computing)
system callhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_call
high-level programming languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language
portablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porting
interpretinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)
compilinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler
systems programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_programming
application programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming
No Silver Bullethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Silver_Bullet
Fred Brookshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Brooks
[14]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Brooks_1986_NSB-16
Linux kernelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel
Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
[15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Anguiano_kernel_sloccount-17
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=1
mnemonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic
machine instructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code
opcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(programming)
architectural registerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(computing)#ARCHITECTURAL
flaghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_field
operandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operand#Computer_science
labelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_(computer_science)
expressionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(computer_science)
addressing modeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_mode
offsetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offset_(computer_science)
debugginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging
punched cardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card
white spacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitespace_character
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=2
macroinstructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)
cross compilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_compiler
operating systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
embedded systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
microcontrollerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller
object codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_code
read-only memoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
EPROMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM
programmerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer_(hardware)
Intel hexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_hex
Motorola S-recordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_S-record
high-level assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_assembler
IF/THEN/ELSEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)#If–then(–else)
microassemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microassembler
microprogramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode
[16]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Daintith_2019-18
SDS 9 Serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS_9_Series
SDS Sigma serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS_Sigma_series
[17]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-19
Sperry Univachttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Univac
UNIVAC 1100/2200 serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC_1100/2200_series
[18]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-20
inline assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_assembler
[19]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-21
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=3
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=4
object codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_code
translatinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translator_(computing)
mnemonicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic
syntaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)
opcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
bitshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit
symbolic nameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Salomon_1992-22
macrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)
inlinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_expansion
subroutineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subroutine
instruction sethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture
optimizationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler_optimization
x86https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
jump-sizinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump-sizing
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Salomon_1992-22
RISC architectureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_architectures
instruction schedulinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_scheduling
CPU pipelinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_pipeline
[21]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-23
high-level programming languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language
Fortranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran
Algolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL
COBOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)
code generatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_generation_(compiler)
Speedcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedcode
syntaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)
CPUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit
instruction set architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture
x86https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
Intel syntaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_syntax
AT&T syntaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_syntax
GNU Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Assembler
machine codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code
FASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASM
TASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Assembler
x86 assemblyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=5
"errata"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erratum
linkerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_(computing)
no-operationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOP_(code)
peephole optimizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peephole_optimization
forward referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_reference
tapehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage
cardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card
punched paper tapehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_tape
linking processhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_(computing)
program loadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(computing)
[22]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Beck_1996-24
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=6
high-level assemblershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_assembler
IBM 700 serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_700/7000_series
IBM 7000 serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_700/7000_series
IBM System/360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360
Object-oriented programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
classeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)
objectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(computer_science)
abstractionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)
polymorphismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer_science)
inheritancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)
[23]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Hyde_2003-25
Language designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Language_design
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=7
mnemonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic
opcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
operandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operand#Computer_science
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Intel_1999-26
assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language_assembler
machine languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_language
x86https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
IA-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-32
immediate 8-bit valuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(computer_programming)
registerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register
binary codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_code
machine codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Intel_1999-26
hexadecimalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal
decimalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal
mnemonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic
MOVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOV_(x86_instruction)
[nb 3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-NB3-27
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Intel_1999-26
[25]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Evans_2006-28
[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Intel_1999-26
disassemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disassembler
high-level languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language
one-to-one correspondencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection
macrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)
computer architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture
mnemonicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic
Zilog Z80https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80
Intel 8080Ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080A
new instructionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z80_instruction_set
NEC V20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC_V20
V30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC_V30
AMDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD
[nb 4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-NB1-29
Cyrixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrix
Pig Latinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_Latin
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=8
x86https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=9
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=10
Opcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=11
high-level languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language
opcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
operandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operand
System/360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360
System/370https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/370
[26]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-SPARC_1992-30
[27]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Moxham_1996-31
IEEEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers
[28]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-32
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=12
alignmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=13
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Salomon_1992-22
[29]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Hyde_MASM-33
labelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_(computer_science)
self-documenting codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-documenting_code
GOTOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOTO
NASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netwide_Assembler
namespaceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namespace
data structureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure
source codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=14
[nb 5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-NB4-34
autocodershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocoder
[30]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Autocoder-35
HLASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLASM
pre-processorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-processor
C programming languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
PL/Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I
parametershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)
unrolledhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_unrolling
virtual machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine
SNOBOL4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOBOL4
macro assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_assembler
[31]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Griswold_1972-36
IBMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM
VM/CMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_(operating_system)
CICShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CICS
ACPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Airline_Control_Program
TPFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Facility
computer reservation systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_reservation_system
COBOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
OS/360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/360_and_successors
system generationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_generation
job streamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_stream
job control languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_control_language
utilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_programs_for_OS/360_and_successors
Turing-completehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_completeness
Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
C++https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B
[32]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Microsoft_2012_Macros-37
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=15
structured programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming
Concept-14 macro sethttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concept-14_macro_set&action=edit&redlink=1
[33]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Kessler_1970-38
Harlan Millshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlan_Mills
GOTOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOTO
spaghetti codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_code
[34]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-39
A-Naturalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A-Natural&action=edit&redlink=1
[35]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-40
Z80https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80
Whitesmiths Ltd.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitesmiths
Unixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
Idrishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_(operating_system)
Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
compilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler
opcodeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode
registershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register
[36]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-assembly-language?cat=technology-41
[37]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Provinciano_2005-42
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=16
stored-program computerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored-program_computer
citation neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
Kathleen Boothhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Booth
[38]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Dufresne_2018-43
[39]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Booth_1947-44
ARC2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEXC
Birkbeck, University of Londonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London
Andrew Boothhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Donald_Booth
John von Neumannhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann
Herman Goldstinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Goldstine
Institute for Advanced Studyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study
[39]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Booth_1947-44
[40]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Campbell-Kelly_1982-45
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSAC
bootstraphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting
David Wheelerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wheeler_(computer_scientist)
[20]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Salomon_1992-22
[41]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Campbell-Kelly_1980-46
[42]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Wheeler_1985-47
[43]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Wilkes_1949-48
Symbolic Optimal Assembly Programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_Optimal_Assembly_Program
IBM 650https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_650
[44]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Cruz_2019-49
first-generationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-generation_language
programming productivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_productivity
[45]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-50
[46]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-51
device drivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver
embedded systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
real-timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing
§ Current usagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#Current_usage
Burroughs MCPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_MCP
Executive Systems Problem Oriented Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Systems_Problem_Oriented_Language
IBM mainframehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe
COBOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
FORTRANhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORTRAN
Apple IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II
Atari 8-bit computershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers
ZX Spectrumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX_Spectrum
Commodore 64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64
Interpretedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)
BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC
Atari 2600https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_2600
Nintendo Entertainment Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System
IBM PC compatibleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible
MS-DOShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS
Turbo Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal
Lotus 1-2-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3
Doomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doom_(1993_video_game)
Sega Saturnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega_Saturn
[47]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Pettus_2008-52
TMS34010https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMS34010
Mortal Kombathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1992_video_game)
NBA Jamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Jam_(1993_video_game)
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=17
[48]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Kauler_1997-53
[49]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Hsieh_2020-54
[update]https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit
TIOBE indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIOBE_index
Visual Basichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic
[50]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-tiobe-55
optimizing compilershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimizing_compiler
[51]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Rusling_2012-56
[52]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Markoff_2005-57
[53]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-bit-field-58
[54]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-gcc-mess-59
[55]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Hyde_2008-60
[56]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-compiler-fails1-61
[57]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Click_2014-62
I/Ohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output
paginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging
clarification neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify
Atari 2600https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_2600
Commodore 64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64
graphing calculatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphing_calculator
[58]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Fargo_2008-63
demoscenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoscene
retrogaminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogaming
device drivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver
interrupt handlershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_handler
DSPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_Processor
bitwise rotationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_shift
run-timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-time_system
librarieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)
linear algebrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_algebra
BLAShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
[52]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Markoff_2005-57
[59]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-BLAS_2008-64
discrete cosine transformationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform
SIMDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_instruction,_multiple_data
x264https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X264
[60]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Videolan_2010-65
intrinsic functionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_function
Real-timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing
fly-by-wirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-by-wire
garbage collectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)
preemptive multitaskinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemptive_multitasking
lower-level languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_programming_language
timing attackshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_attack
AV1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV1
[61]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-66
[62]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-67
AVX2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVX2
ARM Neonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_(instruction_set)
IBM mainframehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe
[63]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Bosworth_2016-68
[64]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-69
nothing can be taken for grantedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusting_trust#Reflections_on_Trusting_Trust
Computer viruseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus
bootloadershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootloader
device drivershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver
Instruction set simulatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_simulator
debugginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging
cross compilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_compiler
Reverse engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering
binarieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_file
Video gameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game
ROM hackinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_hacking
computer sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science
electronic engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering
binary arithmetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_arithmetic
memory allocationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management
stack processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)
character sethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_set
interrupthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt
compilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler
[23]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Hyde_2003-25
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=18
boothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting
ROMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
BIOShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS
IBM-compatible PChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM-compatible_PC
CP/Mhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M
operating system kernelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system_kernel
debugginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging
Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)
Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
inline assemblyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_assembly
portable codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_portability
reverse engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering
disassemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disassembler
decompilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decompiler
Interactive Disassemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Disassembler
[65]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Paul_2001_NECPINW-70
[66]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_note-Paul_2002_CPI-71
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=19
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg
Computer programming portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming
Compilerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler
Comparison of assemblershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_assemblers
Disassemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disassembler
Hexadecimalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal
Information Processing Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Processing_Language
Instruction set architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture
Little man computerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_man_computer
Nibblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibble
Typed assembly languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typed_assembly_language
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=20
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-11
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-15
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-NB3_27-0
don't-care termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t-care_term
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-NB1_29-0
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-NB4_34-0
edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_language&action=edit§ion=21
ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-IBM_2014_ASM_1-0
bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-IBM_2014_ASM_1-1
"Assembler language"https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/asmr102112.htm
High Level Assembler for z/OS & z/VM & z/VSE Language Reference Version 1 Release 6https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/toc.htm
IBMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Ohio_2016_2-0
"Assembly: Review"http://web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~sivilotti.1/teaching/3903.recent/lectures/lecture14.pdf
Ohio State Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_University
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324153925/http://web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~sivilotti.1/teaching/3903.recent/lectures/lecture14.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Archer_2016_3-0
Assembly Language For Studentshttps://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3125846
CreateSpace Independent Publishinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CreateSpace_Independent_Publishing
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-1-5403-7071-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5403-7071-6
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Streib_2020_p._4-0
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1007/978-3-030-35639-2https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-35639-2
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978-3-030-35638-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-35638-5
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1863-7310https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1863-7310
S2CIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)
195930813https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195930813
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Saxon_1962_5-0
Programming the IBM 1401, a self-instructional programmed manualhttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015000480718;view=2up;seq=6
Prentice-Hallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice-Hall
LCCNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)
62-20615https://lccn.loc.gov/62-20615
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Kornelis_2010_6-0
"High Level Assembler – Opcodes overview, Assembler Directives"http://www.bixoft.nl/english/opcd00.htm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324151326/http://www.bixoft.nl/english/opcd00.htm
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"Macro instructions"https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/asmr102115.htm
High Level Assembler for z/OS & z/VM & z/VSE Language Reference Version 1 Release 6https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.asma400/toc.htm
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Coding for A.R.C.https://albert.ias.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12111/7941/Booth_Britten_Coding_for_ARC_1947.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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Wilkes, Maurice Vincenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes
Wheeler, David Johnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_John_Wheeler
Gill, Stanley J.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_J._Gill
Tomash Publishershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomash_Publishers
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Fairhead_2017_10-0
"History of Computer Languages - The Classical Decade, 1950s"https://web.archive.org/web/20200102192823/https://www.i-programmer.info/history/57-computer-languages/471-the-classical-decade.html
the originalhttps://www.i-programmer.info/history/57-computer-languages/471-the-classical-decade.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-OS360_2011_12-0
"How do assembly languages depend on operating systems?"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6859348/how-do-assembly-languages-depend-on-operating-systems
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Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324152747/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6859348/how-do-assembly-languages-depend-on-operating-systems
MVShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/360_and_successors
VSEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS/360_and_successors
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Austerlitz_2003_pp._326–360_13-0
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10.1016/b978-012068377-2/50013-9https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-012068377-2%2F50013-9
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
9780120683772https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780120683772
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Carnes_2022_14-0
"Learn Assembly Language Programming with ARM"https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/learn-assembly-language-programming-with-arm/
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Brooks, Frederick P.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Brooks
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Anguiano_kernel_sloccount_17-0
"linux kernel mainline 4.9 sloccount.txt"https://gist.github.com/ricardoanguiano/18125b7eb3f26cf83724fb60662bdd2c
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Daintith_2019_18-0
"meta-assembler"http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O11-metaassembler.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324154503/https://www.encyclopedia.com/computing/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/meta-assembler
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-19
Xerox Meta-Symbol Sigma 5-9 Computers Language and Operations Reference Manualhttp://bitsavers.org/pdf/sds/sigma/lang/900952G_metaSymbolLangRef_Oct75.pdf
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^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-20
Sperry Univac Computer Systems Meta-Assembler (MASM) Programmer Referencehttp://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/1100/asm/UP-8453_MASM_Programmers_Ref_1977.pdf
Archivedhttps://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/1100/asm/UP-8453_MASM_Programmers_Ref_1977.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-21
"How to Use Inline Assembly Language in C Code"https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Using-Assembly-Language-with-C.html
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Simon & Schuster International Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster_International_Group
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0-13-052564-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-052564-2
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200323010358/http://www.davidsalomon.name/assem.advertis/asl.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-23
"Improving processor efficiency by statically pipelining instructions"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262389375
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10.1145/2465554.2465559https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2465554.2465559
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9781450320856https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450320856
S2CIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)
8015812https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8015812
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Beck_1996_24-0
Addison Wesleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Wesley
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Hyde, Randallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Hyde
The Art of Assembly Languagehttps://web.archive.org/web/20100506233612/http://www.nostarch.com/frameset.php?startat=assembly
No Starch Presshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Starch_Press
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1-886411-97-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886411-97-2
the originalhttp://www.nostarch.com:80/frameset.php?startat=assembly
[1]https://web.archive.org/web/20200323150730/http://www.plantation-productions.com/Webster/www.artofasm.com/AoAErrata.html
[2]https://web.archive.org/web/20200323151406/http://www.plantation-productions.com/Webster/www.artofasm.com/index.html
[3]https://web.archive.org/web/20090720021936/http://www.arl.wustl.edu/~lockwood/class/cs306/books/artofasm/toc.html
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Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 2: Instruction Set Referencehttps://web.archive.org/web/20090611193346/http://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/manuals/24319102.PDF
Intel Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporation
the originalhttp://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/manuals/24319102.PDF
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Evans_2006_28-0
"x86 Assembly Guide"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs216/guides/x86.html
University of Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Virginia
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324154938/http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs216/guides/x86.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-SPARC_1992_30-0
"The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 8"https://web.archive.org/web/20111210201410/http://www.sparc.com/standards/V8.pdf
SPARC Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC_International
the originalhttp://www.sparc.com/standards/V8.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Moxham_1996_31-0
"ZINT Z80 Interpreter"http://www.z80.de/z80/z80code.htm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324155515/http://www.z80.de/z80/z80code.htm
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ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
0-7381-2752-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7381-2752-3
OCLChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)
1415906564https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1415906564
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Hyde_MASM_33-0
Hyde, Randallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Hyde
"Chapter 8. MASM: Directives & Pseudo-Opcodes"http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/CH08.PDF
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324155843/https://www.cs.yale.edu/flint/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/CH08.PDF
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Autocoder_35-0
1401 Autocoder System, Program #1401-AU-037, Version 3, Modification Level 11http://vandyke.mynetgear.com/1401/progs/autocoder/mod.11.pdf
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Griswold, Ralph E.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_E._Griswold
W. H. Freeman and Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Freeman_and_Company
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
0-7167-0447-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-0447-1
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Microsoft_2012_Macros_37-0
"Macros (C/C++), MSDN Library for Visual Studio 2008"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/503x3e3s%28v=VS.90%29.aspx
Microsoft Corp.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corp.
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324160251/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/visual-studio-2008/503x3e3s(v=vs.90)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Kessler_1970_38-0
"*Concept* Report 14 - Implementation of Macros To Permit Structured Programming in OS/360"http://skycoast.us/pscott/software/mvs/concept14.html
International Business Machines Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines_Corporation
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324160528/http://skycoast.us/pscott/software/mvs/concept14.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-39
"High Level Assembler Toolkit Feature Increases Programmer Productivity"https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/2/649/ENUSA95-1432/index.html&request_locale=en
IBMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM
the originalhttps://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/2/649/ENUSA95-1432/index.html&request_locale=en
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-40
A-Natural Language Reference Manualhttp://archive.org/details/a-natural-manual
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-assembly-language?cat=technology_41-0
"assembly language: Definition and Much More from Answers.com"https://web.archive.org/web/20090608215406/http://www.answers.com/topic/assembly-language?cat=technology
the originalhttp://www.answers.com/topic/assembly-language?cat=technology
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Provinciano_2005_42-0
"NESHLA: The High Level, Open Source, 6502 Assembler for the Nintendo Entertainment System"https://neshla.sourceforge.net/
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324161216/http://neshla.sourceforge.net/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Dufresne_2018_43-0
"Kathleen Booth: Assembling Early Computers While Inventing Assembly"https://hackaday.com/2018/08/21/kathleen-booth-assembling-early-computers-while-inventing-assembly
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324150537/https://hackaday.com/2018/08/21/kathleen-booth-assembling-early-computers-while-inventing-assembly/
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Booth, Andrew Donaldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Donald_Booth
Britten, Kathleen Hylda Valeriehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Hylda_Valerie_Britten
General considerations in the design of an all purpose electronic digital computerhttp://mt-archive.info/Booth-1947.pdf
Birkbeck College, Londonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkbeck_College,_London
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324161441/http://mt-archive.info/Booth-1947.pdf
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Campbell-Kelly_1982_45-0
Campbell-Kelly, Martinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Campbell-Kelly
IEEE Annals of the History of Computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1109/MAHC.1982.10016https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.1982.10016
S2CIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)
14861159https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14861159
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Campbell-Kelly_1980_46-0
Campbell-Kelly, Martinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Campbell-Kelly
IEEE Annals of the History of Computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1109/MAHC.1980.10009https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.1980.10009
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Wheeler_1985_47-0
"1985 Computer Pioneer Award 'For assembly language programming' David Wheeler"https://www.computer.org/web/awards/pioneer-david-wheeler
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Wilkes, Maurice Vincenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes
Bibcodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)
1949JScI...26..385Whttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949JScI...26..385W
doihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)
10.1088/0950-7671/26/12/301https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0950-7671%2F26%2F12%2F301
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Columbia Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200215063114/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/index.html
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ISSNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)
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"The Origins of Informatics"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC116189
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10.1136/jamia.1994.95236152https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjamia.1994.95236152
PMChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)
116189https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC116189
PMIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)
7719803https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7719803
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Pettus_2008_52-0
"SegaBase Volume 6 - Saturn"https://web.archive.org/web/20080713074116/http://www.eidolons-inn.net/tiki-index.php?page=SegaBase+Saturn
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CRC Presshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRC_Press
ISBNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)
978-1-48227572-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-48227572-8
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Hsieh_2020_54-0
"Programming Optimization"http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/optimize.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324163624/http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/optimize.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-tiobe_55-0
"TIOBE Index"http://www.tiobe.com/tiobe_index
TIOBE Softwarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIOBE_Software
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324163848/https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Rusling_2012_56-0
"Chapter 2 Software Basics"http://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/basics/sw.html
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324164120/http://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/basics/sw.html
ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Markoff_2005_57-0
bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Markoff_2005_57-1
Markoff, John Gregoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gregory_Markoff
"Writing the Fastest Code, by Hand, for Fun: A Human Computer Keeps Speeding Up Chips"https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/28/technology/28super.html?_r=1
The New York Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200323163333/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/28/technology/writing-the-fastest-code-by-hand-for-fun-a-human-computer-keeps.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-bit-field_58-0
"Bit-field-badness"https://web.archive.org/web/20100205120952/http://hardwarebug.org/2010/01/30/bit-field-badness/
the originalhttp://hardwarebug.org/2010/01/30/bit-field-badness/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-gcc-mess_59-0
"GCC makes a mess"https://web.archive.org/web/20100316212040/http://hardwarebug.org/2009/05/13/gcc-makes-a-mess/
the originalhttp://hardwarebug.org/2009/05/13/gcc-makes-a-mess/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Hyde_2008_60-0
Hyde, Randallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Hyde
"The Great Debate"https://web.archive.org/web/20080616110102/http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/Page_TechDocs/GreatDebate/debate1.html
the originalhttp://webster.cs.ucr.edu/Page_TechDocs/GreatDebate/debate1.html
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-compiler-fails1_61-0
"Code sourcery fails again"https://web.archive.org/web/20100402221204/http://hardwarebug.org/2008/11/28/codesourcery-fails-again/
the originalhttp://hardwarebug.org/2008/11/28/codesourcery-fails-again/
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Click, Cliffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Click
"A Crash Course in Modern Hardware"http://www.infoq.com/presentations/click-crash-course-modern-hardware
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324164402/https://www.infoq.com/presentations/click-crash-course-modern-hardware/
^https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languages#cite_ref-Fargo_2008_63-0
"68K Programming in Fargo II"http://tifreakware.net/tutorials/89/a/calc/fargoii.htm
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080702181616/http://tifreakware.net/tutorials/89/a/calc/fargoii.htm
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"BLAS Benchmark-August2008"http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/index.php?title=Benchmark-August2008
Archivedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200324164844/http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/index.php?title=Benchmark-August2008
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