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Title: os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces — Python 3.14.2 documentation

Open Graph Title: os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces

Description: Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see open(), if you want to manipulate paths, s...

Open Graph Description: Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see open(), if you want to manipulate paths, s...

Opengraph URL: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html

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og:image:alt	Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see open(), if you want to manipulate paths, s...
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Links:

	https://www.python.org/
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/contents.html
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html
File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variables	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#python-utf-8-mode
Process Parameters	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-parameters
File Object Creation	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-object-creation
File Descriptor Operations	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-descriptor-operations
Querying the size of a terminal	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
Inheritance of File Descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#inheritance-of-file-descriptors
Files and Directories	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#files-and-directories
Timer File Descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#timer-file-descriptors
Linux extended attributes	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#linux-extended-attributes
Process Management	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-management
Interface to the scheduler	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#interface-to-the-scheduler
Miscellaneous System Information	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#miscellaneous-system-information
Random numbers	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#random-numbers
Generic Operating System Services	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
io — Core tools for working with streams	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/os.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/index.html
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/library/index.html
Generic Operating System Services	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
Lib/os.py	https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.14/Lib/os.py
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
fileinput	https://docs.python.org/library/fileinput.html#module-fileinput
tempfile	https://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html#module-tempfile
shutil	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#module-shutil
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
nice()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.nice
getuid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getuid
getpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpid
kill()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.kill
wait()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.error
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.name
sys.platform	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.platform
os.uname()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.uname
platform	https://docs.python.org/library/platform.html#module-platform
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
sys.getfilesystemencoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getfilesystemencoding
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
PyConfig_Read()	https://docs.python.org/c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Read
filesystem_encoding	https://docs.python.org/c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.filesystem_encoding
filesystem_errors	https://docs.python.org/c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.filesystem_errors
PyConfig	https://docs.python.org/c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig
surrogateescape encoding error handler	https://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#surrogateescape
file system encoding	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
UnicodeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#UnicodeError
locale encoding	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-locale-encoding
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#python-utf-8-mode
PEP 540	https://peps.python.org/pep-0540/
locale encoding	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-locale-encoding
filesystem encoding	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
sys.getfilesystemencoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getfilesystemencoding
locale.getpreferredencoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/locale.html#locale.getpreferredencoding
sys.stdin	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdin
sys.stdout	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdout
sys.stderr	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stderr
error handler	https://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#error-handlers
sys.stdin	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdin
sys.stdout	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdout
sys.stderr	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stderr
os.device_encoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.device_encoding
PYTHONIOENCODING	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONIOENCODING
os.fsdecode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsdecode
os.fsencode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsencode
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
io.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.open
codecs.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#codecs.open
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#utf8-mode
PyConfig_Read()	https://docs.python.org/c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Read
-X utf8	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-X
PYTHONUTF8	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUTF8
PYTHONUTF8	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUTF8
PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE
sys.flags.utf8_mode	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.flags
UTF-8 mode on Windows	https://docs.python.org/using/windows.html#win-utf8-mode
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
PEP 686	https://peps.python.org/pep-0686/
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#utf8-mode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-parameters
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.ctermid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
mapping	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-mapping
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
putenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
sys.getfilesystemencoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getfilesystemencoding
environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
putenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
unsetenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unsetenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.reload_environ()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.reload_environ
PEP 584	https://peps.python.org/pep-0584/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
mapping	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-mapping
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
supports_bytes_environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_bytes_environ
PEP 584	https://peps.python.org/pep-0584/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.reload_environ
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
os.putenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
os.unsetenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unsetenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
os.getenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv
Files and Directories	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os-file-dir
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsencode
path-like	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
fsdecode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsdecode
os.PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsdecode
path-like	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
str	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str
fsencode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsencode
os.PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fspath
str	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
__fspath__()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike.__fspath__
str	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
abstract base class	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-abstract-base-class
pathlib.PurePath	https://docs.python.org/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.PurePath
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike.__fspath__
str	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
str	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv
getenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
getenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv
sys.getfilesystemencoding()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getfilesystemencoding
os.getenvb()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
getenvb()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
os.environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
getenvb()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
getenvb()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
supports_bytes_environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_bytes_environ
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_exec_path
environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getegid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.geteuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgrouplist
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgroups
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
getgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgroups
getgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgroups
setgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setgroups
getgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgroups
setgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setgroups
sysconfig.get_config_var()	https://docs.python.org/library/sysconfig.html#sysconfig.get_config_var
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getlogin
getpass.getuser()	https://docs.python.org/library/getpass.html#getpass.getuser
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpgrp
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpid
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getppid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpriority
PRIO_PROCESS	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PROCESS
PRIO_PGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PGRP
PRIO_USER	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_USER
PRIO_PROCESS	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PROCESS
PRIO_PGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PGRP
PRIO_USER	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_USER
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PROCESS
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PGRP
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_USER
getpriority()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpriority
setpriority()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setpriority
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_DARWIN_THREAD
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_DARWIN_PROCESS
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_DARWIN_BG
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_DARWIN_NONUI
getpriority()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getpriority
setpriority()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setpriority
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getresuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getresgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.initgroups
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
os.system()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.system
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
execv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
putenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
putenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.putenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
getenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv
getenvb()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenvb
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environb	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environb
os.reload_environ()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.reload_environ
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setegid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.seteuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setgroups
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
getgroups()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getgroups
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setns
setns(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/setns(2)
namespaces(7)	https://manpages.debian.org/namespaces(7)
CLONE_NEW* constants	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os-unshare-clone-flags
pidfd_open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pidfd_open
CLONE_NEW* constants	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os-unshare-clone-flags
fileno()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.IOBase.fileno
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
unshare()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unshare
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setpgrp
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setpgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setpriority
PRIO_PROCESS	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PROCESS
PRIO_PGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PGRP
PRIO_USER	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_USER
PRIO_PROCESS	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PROCESS
PRIO_PGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_PGRP
PRIO_USER	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PRIO_USER
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setregid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setresgid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setresuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setreuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getsid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setsid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setuid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.strerror
ValueError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ValueError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_bytes_environ
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.umask
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.uname
socket.gethostname()	https://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.gethostname
platform.uname()	https://docs.python.org/library/platform.html#platform.uname
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unsetenv
os.system()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.system
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
execv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
unsetenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unsetenv
unsetenv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unsetenv
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.environ	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ
os.reload_environ()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.reload_environ
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unshare
unshare(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/unshare(2)
CLONE_* constants	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os-unshare-clone-flags
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
setns()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setns
unshare()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unshare
unshare(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/unshare(2)
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_FILES
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_FS
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWCGROUP
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWIPC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWNET
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWNS
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWPID
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWTIME
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWUSER
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_NEWUTS
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_SIGHAND
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_SYSVSEM
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_THREAD
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLONE_VM
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-object-creation
file objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
fdopen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-descriptor-operations
fileno()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.IOBase.fileno
file object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.close
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
pipe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
fdopen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
close()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.IOBase.close
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.closerange
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.copy_file_range
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError.errno
errno.EXDEV	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EXDEV
os.copy_file_range()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.copy_file_range
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.device_encoding
None	https://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#None
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#utf8-mode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.dup
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.dup2
inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fchmod
chmod()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chmod
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fchown
chown()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chown
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdatasync
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fpathconf
ValueError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ValueError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EINVAL	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EINVAL
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fstat
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fstatvfs
statvfs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.statvfs
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsync
file object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.ftruncate
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_blocking
O_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
set_blocking()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.set_blocking
socket.socket.setblocking()	https://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.socket.setblocking
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.grantpt
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.isatty
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lockf
F_LOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_LOCK
F_TLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_TLOCK
F_ULOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_ULOCK
F_TEST	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_TEST
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_LOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_TLOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_ULOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_TEST
lockf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lockf
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.login_tty
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lseek
SEEK_SET	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_SET
SEEK_CUR	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_CUR
SEEK_END	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_END
SEEK_HOLE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_HOLE
SEEK_DATA	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_DATA
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_SET
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_CUR
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_END
lseek()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lseek
seek()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.IOBase.seek
file-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
SEEK_SET	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_SET
SEEK_CUR	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_CUR
SEEK_END	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_END
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_HOLE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SEEK_DATA
lseek()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lseek
seek()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.IOBase.seek
file-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
O_RDONLY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_RDONLY
O_WRONLY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_WRONLY
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
O_BINARY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_BINARY
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
file object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-file-object
fdopen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
InterruptedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#InterruptedError
PEP 475	https://peps.python.org/pep-0475/
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
open(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/open(2)
the MSDN	https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_RDONLY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_WRONLY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_RDWR
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_APPEND
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_CREAT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_EXCL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_TRUNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_DSYNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_RSYNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SYNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NDELAY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOCTTY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_CLOEXEC
O_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_CLOEXEC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_BINARY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOINHERIT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SHORT_LIVED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_TEMPORARY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_RANDOM
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SEQUENTIAL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_TEXT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_EVTONLY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_FSYNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SYMLINK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY
O_EVTONLY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_EVTONLY
O_FSYNC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_FSYNC
O_SYMLINK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SYMLINK
O_NOFOLLOW_ANY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_ASYNC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_DIRECT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_DIRECTORY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOFOLLOW
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NOATIME
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_PATH
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_TMPFILE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SHLOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_EXLOCK
O_PATH	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_PATH
O_TMPFILE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_TMPFILE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.openpty
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
pty	https://docs.python.org/library/pty.html#module-pty
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe2
O_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
O_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_CLOEXEC
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_fallocate
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_fadvise
POSIX_FADV_NORMAL	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_NORMAL
POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL
POSIX_FADV_RANDOM	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_RANDOM
POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED
POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_NORMAL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_RANDOM
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
posix_fadvise()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_fadvise
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pread
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_openpt
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
O_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_CLOEXEC
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.preadv
bytes-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object
RWF_HIPRI	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_HIPRI
RWF_NOWAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_NOWAIT
sysconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
os.readv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.readv
os.pread()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pread
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_NOWAIT
errno.EAGAIN	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EAGAIN
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_HIPRI
O_DIRECT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_DIRECT
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.ptsname
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pwrite
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pwritev
bytes-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object
RWF_DSYNC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_DSYNC
RWF_SYNC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_SYNC
RWF_APPEND	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_APPEND
sysconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
os.writev()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.writev
os.pwrite()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pwrite
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_DSYNC
O_DSYNC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_DSYNC
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_SYNC
O_SYNC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_SYNC
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RWF_APPEND
O_APPEND	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_APPEND
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
os.pwritev()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pwritev
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
pipe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
fdopen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
sys.stdin	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdin
InterruptedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#InterruptedError
PEP 475	https://peps.python.org/pep-0475/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.readinto
buffer object	https://docs.python.org/c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects
bytes-like	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
os.pipe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
sys.stdin	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdin
io.BufferedIOBase.readinto()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.readinto
io.BufferedIOBase.read()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.read
io.TextIOBase.read()	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html#io.TextIOBase.read
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sendfile
sendfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sendfile
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
sendfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sendfile
socket.socket.sendfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.socket.sendfile
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SF_NODISKIO
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SF_MNOWAIT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SF_SYNC
sendfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sendfile
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SF_NOCACHE
sendfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sendfile
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.set_blocking
O_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
get_blocking()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_blocking
socket.socket.setblocking()	https://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.socket.setblocking
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.splice
SPLICE_F_MOVE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_MOVE
SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK
SPLICE_F_MORE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_MORE
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError.errno
errno.EXDEV	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EXDEV
splice(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/splice(2)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_MOVE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SPLICE_F_MORE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.readv
bytes-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object
sysconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.tcgetpgrp
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.tcsetpgrp
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.ttyname
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unlockpt
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.write
os.open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.open
pipe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pipe
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
fdopen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fdopen
sys.stdout	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdout
sys.stderr	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stderr
InterruptedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#InterruptedError
PEP 475	https://peps.python.org/pep-0475/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.writev
bytes-like objects	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object
sysconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_terminal_size
terminal_size	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.terminal_size
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
shutil.get_terminal_size()	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#shutil.get_terminal_size
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.terminal_size
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.terminal_size.columns
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.terminal_size.lines
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#inheritance-of-file-descriptors
os.fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_inheritable
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.set_inheritable
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.get_handle_inheritable
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.set_handle_inheritable
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#files-and-directories
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os.supports_fd	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_fd
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
os.supports_dir_fd	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_dir_fd
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
os.supports_follow_symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_follow_symlinks
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
F_OK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_OK
R_OK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.R_OK
W_OK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.W_OK
X_OK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.X_OK
True	https://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#True
False	https://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#False
access(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/access(2)
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
os.supports_effective_ids	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_effective_ids
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
EAFP	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-EAFP
access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.F_OK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.R_OK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.W_OK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.X_OK
access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chdir
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
PermissionError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#PermissionError
NotADirectoryError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotADirectoryError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chflags
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
stat.UF_NODUMP	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_NODUMP
stat.UF_IMMUTABLE	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_IMMUTABLE
stat.UF_APPEND	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_APPEND
stat.UF_OPAQUE	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_OPAQUE
stat.UF_NOUNLINK	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_NOUNLINK
stat.UF_COMPRESSED	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_COMPRESSED
stat.UF_HIDDEN	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.UF_HIDDEN
stat.SF_ARCHIVED	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.SF_ARCHIVED
stat.SF_IMMUTABLE	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.SF_IMMUTABLE
stat.SF_APPEND	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.SF_APPEND
stat.SF_NOUNLINK	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.SF_NOUNLINK
stat.SF_SNAPSHOT	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.SF_SNAPSHOT
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chmod
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
stat.S_ISUID	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_ISUID
stat.S_ISGID	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_ISGID
stat.S_ENFMT	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_ENFMT
stat.S_ISVTX	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_ISVTX
stat.S_IREAD	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IREAD
stat.S_IWRITE	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IWRITE
stat.S_IEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IEXEC
stat.S_IRWXU	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IRWXU
stat.S_IRUSR	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IRUSR
stat.S_IWUSR	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IWUSR
stat.S_IXUSR	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IXUSR
stat.S_IRWXG	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IRWXG
stat.S_IRGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IRGRP
stat.S_IWGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IWGRP
stat.S_IXGRP	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IXGRP
stat.S_IRWXO	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IRWXO
stat.S_IROTH	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IROTH
stat.S_IWOTH	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IWOTH
stat.S_IXOTH	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_IXOTH
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
chmod()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chmod
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chown
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
shutil.chown()	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#shutil.chown
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chroot
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fchdir
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getcwd
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getcwdb
PEP 529	https://peps.python.org/pep-0529/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lchflags
chflags()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chflags
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lchmod
chmod()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chmod
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lchown
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.link
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listdir
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
fsencode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsencode
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listdrives
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listmounts
os.listvolumes()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listvolumes
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listvolumes
os.listmounts()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listmounts
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lstat
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mkdir
FileExistsError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileExistsError
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
chmod()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chmod
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
tempfile	https://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html#module-tempfile
tempfile.mkdtemp()	https://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.mkdtemp
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedirs
mkdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mkdir
mkdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mkdir
the mkdir() description	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#mkdir-modebits
makedirs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedirs
FileExistsError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileExistsError
makedirs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedirs
pardir	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pardir
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
makedirs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedirs
bpo-21082	https://bugs.python.org/issue?@action=redirect&bpo=21082
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mkfifo
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
os.unlink()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unlink
mkfifo()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mkfifo
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.mknod
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
os.makedev()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedev
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.major
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.minor
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedev
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pathconf
ValueError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ValueError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EINVAL	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EINVAL
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pathconf_names
pathconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pathconf
fpathconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fpathconf
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.readlink
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
realpath()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.realpath
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.remove
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
rmdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rmdir
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
unlink()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unlink
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.removedirs
rmdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rmdir
removedirs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.removedirs
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rename
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
FileExistsError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileExistsError
shutil.move()	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#shutil.move
IsADirectoryError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#IsADirectoryError
NotADirectoryError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotADirectoryError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
replace()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.replace
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.renames
rename()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rename
removedirs()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.removedirs
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.replace
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rmdir
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
shutil.rmtree()	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#shutil.rmtree
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
os.DirEntry	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
listdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listdir
os.DirEntry	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry
os.DirEntry	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry
is_dir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_dir
is_file()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_file
os.DirEntry.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.stat
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
name	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.name
path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.path
os.DirEntry	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
context manager	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-context-manager
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir.close
with	https://docs.python.org/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
opendir()	https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/opendir.html
readdir()	https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/readdir_r.html
FindFirstFileW	https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).aspx
FindNextFileW	https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364428(v=vs.85).aspx
context manager	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-context-manager
close()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir.close
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
ResourceWarning	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ResourceWarning
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
file descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.name
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
name	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.name
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
fsdecode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsdecode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.path
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
name	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.name
path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
fsdecode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsdecode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.inode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_dir
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
stat.S_ISDIR()	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.S_ISDIR
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
PermissionError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#PermissionError
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_file
is_dir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_dir
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_symlink
os.path.islink()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.islink
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
PermissionError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#PermissionError
FileNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.is_junction
os.path.isjunction()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.isjunction
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.DirEntry.stat
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
pathlib.Path	https://docs.python.org/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
lstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lstat
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
os.path.realpath()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.realpath
lstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lstat
fstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fstat
lstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lstat
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
os.fstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fstat
os.lstat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.lstat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mode
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ino
file index	https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363788
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_dev
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_nlink
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_uid
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_gid
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_size
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime_ns
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime_ns
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime_ns
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime
AttributeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#AttributeError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime_ns
AttributeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#AttributeError
st_atime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime
st_mtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime
st_ctime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime
st_birthtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime
st_mtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime
st_atime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime
st_atime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime_ns
st_mtime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime_ns
st_ctime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime_ns
st_birthtime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime_ns
st_atime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime
st_mtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime
st_ctime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime
st_birthtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime
st_atime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime_ns
st_mtime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime_ns
st_ctime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime_ns
st_birthtime_ns	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime_ns
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_blocks
st_size	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_size
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_blksize
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_rdev
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_flags
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_gen
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_fstype
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_rsize
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_creator
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_type
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_file_attributes
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_reparse_tag
st_file_attributes	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_file_attributes
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
IO_REPARSE_TAG_*	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
stat	https://docs.python.org/library/stat.html#module-stat
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
st_mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mode
st_ino	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ino
st_dev	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_dev
st_nlink	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_nlink
st_uid	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_uid
st_gid	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_gid
st_size	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_size
st_atime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_atime
st_mtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mtime
st_ctime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime
stat_result	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result
st_ino	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ino
st_fstype	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_fstype
st_reparse_tag	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_reparse_tag
st_mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_mode
st_ctime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ctime
st_birthtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime
st_ino	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_ino
st_rdev	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_rdev
st_dev	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_dev
st_birthtime	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat_result.st_birthtime
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.statvfs
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_dir_fd
set	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#set
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_effective_ids
set	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#set
os.access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
os.access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
os.access()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.access
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_fd
set	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#set
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os.chdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.chdir
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_follow_symlinks
set	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#set
os	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#module-os
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.symlink
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
WebAssembly platforms	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#wasm-availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sync
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.truncate
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.unlink
remove()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.remove
remove()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.remove
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.utime
utime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.utime
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
utime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.utime
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
del	https://docs.python.org/reference/simple_stmts.html#del
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
shutil.rmtree()	https://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#shutil.rmtree
rmdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rmdir
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
os.scandir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.scandir
os.listdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listdir
os.stat()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.stat
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fwalk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
walk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
paths relative to directory descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#dir-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
fwalk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fwalk
fwalk()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fwalk
dup()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.dup
rmdir()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.rmdir
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
bytes	https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.memfd_create
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_CLOEXEC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGETLB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_SHIFT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_MASK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_64KB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_512KB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_1MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_2MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_8MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_16MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_32MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_256MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_512MB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_1GB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_2GB
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.MFD_HUGE_16GB
memfd_create()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.memfd_create
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
write()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.write
select()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.select
poll()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.poll
eventfd(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/eventfd(2)
non-inheritable	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#fd-inheritance
EFD_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_CLOEXEC
EFD_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_NONBLOCK
EFD_SEMAPHORE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_SEMAPHORE
EFD_SEMAPHORE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_SEMAPHORE
eventfd_read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_read
EFD_SEMAPHORE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_SEMAPHORE
eventfd_read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_read
EFD_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_NONBLOCK
eventfd_read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_read
eventfd_write()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_write
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_read
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd_write
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_CLOEXEC
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_NONBLOCK
O_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EFD_SEMAPHORE
eventfd()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.eventfd
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#timer-file-descriptors
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_create
timerfd_create()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_create
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
select()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.select
poll()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.poll
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
int	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#int
select()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.select
poll()	https://docs.python.org/library/select.html#select.poll
clock ID	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time-clock-id-constants
time	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#module-time
time.CLOCK_REALTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_REALTIME
time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC
time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME
time.CLOCK_REALTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_REALTIME
TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC
time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME
time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC
TFD_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_NONBLOCK
TFD_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_CLOEXEC
TFD_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_NONBLOCK
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EAGAIN	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EAGAIN
TFD_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_CLOEXEC
os.close()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.close
timerfd_create(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/timerfd_create(2)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime
timerfd_settime_ns()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime_ns
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EINVAL	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EINVAL
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
timerfd_create()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_create
float	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#float
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EINVAL	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EINVAL
TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
time.CLOCK_REALTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.CLOCK_REALTIME
timerfd_create(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/timerfd_create(2)
timerfd_settime(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/timerfd_settime(2)
settimeofday(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/settimeofday(2)
clock_settime(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/clock_settime(2)
date(1)	https://manpages.debian.org/date(1)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime_ns
timerfd_settime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime
timerfd_settime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_gettime
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
timerfd_gettime(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/timerfd_gettime(2)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_gettime_ns
timerfd_gettime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_gettime
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_NONBLOCK
timerfd_create()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_create
O_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.O_NONBLOCK
TFD_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_NONBLOCK
read()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.read
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_CLOEXEC
timerfd_create()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_create
TFD_CLOEXEC	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_CLOEXEC
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
timerfd_settime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime
timerfd_settime_ns()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime_ns
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
timerfd_settime()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime
timerfd_settime_ns()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.timerfd_settime_ns
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#linux-extended-attributes
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getxattr
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listxattr
listxattr()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.listxattr
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.removexattr
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setxattr
PathLike	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PathLike
filesystem encoding and error handler	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-filesystem-encoding-and-error-handler
XATTR_REPLACE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_REPLACE
XATTR_CREATE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_CREATE
XATTR_REPLACE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_REPLACE
XATTR_CREATE	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_CREATE
specifying a file descriptor	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#path-fd
not following symlinks	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#follow-symlinks
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_SIZE_MAX
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_CREATE
setxattr()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setxattr
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.XATTR_REPLACE
setxattr()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.setxattr
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-management
exec*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.abort
signal.signal()	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.signal
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.add_dll_directory
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.path
ctypes	https://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes
with	https://docs.python.org/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
Microsoft documentation	https://msdn.microsoft.com/44228cf2-6306-466c-8f16-f513cd3ba8b5
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
porting notes	https://docs.python.org/whatsnew/3.8.html#bpo-36085-whatsnew
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execle
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlp
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlpe
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execv
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvp
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvpe
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
os.fsync()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fsync
exec*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
exec*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
execlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlp
execlpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlpe
execvp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvp
execvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvpe
exec*e	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
execl()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
execle()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execle
execv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execv
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
execle()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execle
execlpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlpe
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
execvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvpe
execl()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
execlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execlp
execv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execv
execvp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execvp
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
os.supports_fd	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.supports_fd
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os._exit
sys.exit(n)	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.exit
fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
_exit()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os._exit
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_OK
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_USAGE
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_DATAERR
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_NOINPUT
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_NOUSER
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_NOHOST
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_UNAVAILABLE
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_SOFTWARE
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_OSERR
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_OSFILE
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_CANTCREAT
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_IOERR
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_TEMPFAIL
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_PROTOCOL
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_NOPERM
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_CONFIG
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.EX_NOTFOUND
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
ssl	https://docs.python.org/library/ssl.html#module-ssl
urllib.request	https://docs.python.org/library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.request
RuntimeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#RuntimeError
os.fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
DeprecationWarning	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning
os.fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
this discussion on fork being incompatible with threads	https://discuss.python.org/t/33555
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.forkpty
pty	https://docs.python.org/library/pty.html#module-pty
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
urllib.request	https://docs.python.org/library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.request
RuntimeError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#RuntimeError
DeprecationWarning	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning
os.fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.kill
signal	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#module-signal
signal.CTRL_C_EVENT	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.CTRL_C_EVENT
signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT
signal.pthread_kill()	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.pthread_kill
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.killpg
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.nice
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pidfd_open
pidfd_open(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/pidfd_open(2)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
build-time	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getandroidapilevel
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK
waitid(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/waitid(2)
EAGAIN	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EAGAIN
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.plock
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
open()	https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open
None	https://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#None
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
subprocess.Popen	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#utf8-mode
popen()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.popen
subprocess.Popen	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen
subprocess.Popen	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen
subprocess.run()	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run
soft deprecated	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawn
subprocess.run()	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run
posix_spawn()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawn
execve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execve
posix_spawnp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawnp
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_SPAWN_OPEN
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_SPAWN_DUP2
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
sched_param	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawnp
posix_spawn()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawn
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
posix_spawn()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.posix_spawn
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.register_at_fork
os.fork()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.fork
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
PyOS_BeforeFork()	https://docs.python.org/c-api/sys.html#c.PyOS_BeforeFork
PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()	https://docs.python.org/c-api/sys.html#c.PyOS_AfterFork_Parent
PyOS_AfterFork_Child()	https://docs.python.org/c-api/sys.html#c.PyOS_AfterFork_Child
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnle
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlp
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlpe
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnv
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnve
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvp
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvpe
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Module	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess-replacements
P_NOWAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_NOWAIT
P_WAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_WAIT
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawnlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlp
spawnlpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlpe
spawnvp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvp
spawnvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvpe
spawn*e	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawnl()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawnle()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnle
spawnv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnv
spawnve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnve
spawnle()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnle
spawnlpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlpe
spawnve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnve
spawnvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvpe
spawnl()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawnlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlp
spawnv()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnv
spawnvp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvp
spawnlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlp
spawnvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvpe
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
spawnlp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlp
spawnlpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnlpe
spawnvp()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvp
spawnvpe()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnvpe
spawnle()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnle
spawnve()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnve
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
path-like object	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-path-like-object
soft deprecated	https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_NOWAIT
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_NOWAITO
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_WAIT
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_DETACH
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_OVERLAY
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
P_DETACH	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_DETACH
P_NOWAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_NOWAIT
P_OVERLAY	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_OVERLAY
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.startfile
startfile()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.startfile
pathlib	https://docs.python.org/library/pathlib.html#module-pathlib
os.path.normpath()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.normpath
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.system
sys.stdin	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.stdin
wait()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Module	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#subprocess-replacements
subprocess	https://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
auditing event	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#auditing
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.times
times(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/times(2)
times(3)	https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?time(3)
the GetProcessTimes MSDN	https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-getprocesstimes
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait
ChildProcessError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ChildProcessError
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
P_PID	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PID
P_PGID	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PGID
P_ALL	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_ALL
P_PIDFD	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PIDFD
WEXITED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WEXITED
WSTOPPED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WSTOPPED
WCONTINUED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WCONTINUED
WNOHANG	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOHANG
WNOWAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOWAIT
SIGCHLD	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.SIGCHLD
CLD_EXITED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_EXITED
WNOHANG	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOHANG
ChildProcessError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ChildProcessError
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
wait()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
WNOHANG	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOHANG
ChildProcessError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ChildProcessError
WUNTRACED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WUNTRACED
WCONTINUED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WCONTINUED
spawn*	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
P_NOWAIT	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_NOWAIT
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
InterruptedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#InterruptedError
PEP 475	https://peps.python.org/pep-0475/
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait3
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
resource.getrusage()	https://docs.python.org/library/resource.html#resource.getrusage
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
wait4()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
resource.getrusage()	https://docs.python.org/library/resource.html#resource.getrusage
wait4()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
waitstatus_to_exitcode()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PID
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PGID
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_ALL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.P_PIDFD
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
pidfd_open()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pidfd_open
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WCONTINUED
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
wait3()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait3
wait4()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WEXITED
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WSTOPPED
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WUNTRACED
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
wait3()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait3
wait4()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOHANG
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
wait3()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait3
wait4()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait4
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WNOWAIT
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_EXITED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_KILLED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_DUMPED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_TRAPPED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_STOPPED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_CONTINUED
waitid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitid
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
CLD_KILLED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_KILLED
CLD_STOPPED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.CLD_STOPPED
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitstatus_to_exitcode
ValueError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ValueError
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
WUNTRACED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WUNTRACED
WIFEXITED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFEXITED
WEXITSTATUS()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WEXITSTATUS
WIFSIGNALED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSIGNALED
WTERMSIG()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WTERMSIG
WIFSTOPPED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSTOPPED
WSTOPSIG()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WSTOPSIG
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
system()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.system
wait()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.wait
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WCOREDUMP
WIFSIGNALED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSIGNALED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFCONTINUED
SIGCONT	https://docs.python.org/library/signal.html#signal.SIGCONT
WCONTINUED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WCONTINUED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSTOPPED
WIFSTOPPED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSTOPPED
waitpid()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.waitpid
WUNTRACED	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WUNTRACED
ptrace(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/ptrace(2)
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSIGNALED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFEXITED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WEXITSTATUS
WIFEXITED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFEXITED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WSTOPSIG
WIFSTOPPED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSTOPPED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WTERMSIG
WIFSIGNALED()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.WIFSIGNALED
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#interface-to-the-scheduler
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_OTHER
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_BATCH
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_DEADLINE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_IDLE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_NORMAL
SCHED_OTHER	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_OTHER
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_SPORADIC
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_FIFO
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_RR
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param
sched_setparam()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_setparam
sched_setscheduler()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_setscheduler
sched_getparam()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_getparam
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param.sched_priority
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_get_priority_min
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_get_priority_max
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_setscheduler
sched_param	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_getscheduler
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_setparam
sched_param	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_getparam
sched_param	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_param
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_rr_get_interval
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_yield
sched_yield(2)	https://manpages.debian.org/sched_yield(2)
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_setaffinity
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_getaffinity
process_cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.process_cpu_count
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#miscellaneous-system-information
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.confstr
ValueError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#ValueError
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
errno.EINVAL	https://docs.python.org/library/errno.html#errno.EINVAL
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.confstr_names
confstr()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.confstr
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.cpu_count
process_cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.process_cpu_count
-X cpu_count	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-X
PYTHON_CPU_COUNT	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHON_CPU_COUNT
cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.cpu_count
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getloadavg
OSError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#OSError
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.process_cpu_count
cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.cpu_count
cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.cpu_count
-X cpu_count	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-X
PYTHON_CPU_COUNT	https://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHON_CPU_COUNT
process_cpu_count()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.process_cpu_count
sched_getaffinity()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sched_getaffinity
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
confstr()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.confstr
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf_names
sysconf()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sysconf
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.curdir
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pardir
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.sep
os.path.split()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.split
os.path.join()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.join
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.altsep
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.extsep
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.pathsep
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.defpath
execp	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.execl
spawnp	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.spawnl
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.linesep
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.devnull
os.path	https://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_LAZY
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_NOW
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_GLOBAL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_LOCAL
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_NODELETE
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_NOLOAD
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.RTLD_DEEPBIND
setdlopenflags()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.setdlopenflags
getdlopenflags()	https://docs.python.org/library/sys.html#sys.getdlopenflags
dlopen(3)	https://manpages.debian.org/dlopen(3)
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#random-numbers
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getrandom
os.GRND_RANDOM	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_RANDOM
GRND_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_NONBLOCK
Linux getrandom() manual page	https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getrandom.2.html
Availability	https://docs.python.org/library/intro.html#availability
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.urandom
PEP 524	https://peps.python.org/pep-0524/
getrandom()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getrandom
GRND_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_NONBLOCK
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
secrets	https://docs.python.org/library/secrets.html#module-secrets
random.SystemRandom	https://docs.python.org/library/random.html#random.SystemRandom
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_NONBLOCK
getrandom()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getrandom
GRND_NONBLOCK	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_NONBLOCK
getrandom()	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getrandom
BlockingIOError	https://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#BlockingIOError
¶	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.GRND_RANDOM
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/contents.html
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html
File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variables	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables
Python UTF-8 Mode	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#python-utf-8-mode
Process Parameters	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-parameters
File Object Creation	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-object-creation
File Descriptor Operations	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#file-descriptor-operations
Querying the size of a terminal	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
Inheritance of File Descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#inheritance-of-file-descriptors
Files and Directories	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#files-and-directories
Timer File Descriptors	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#timer-file-descriptors
Linux extended attributes	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#linux-extended-attributes
Process Management	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#process-management
Interface to the scheduler	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#interface-to-the-scheduler
Miscellaneous System Information	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#miscellaneous-system-information
Random numbers	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html#random-numbers
Generic Operating System Services	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
io — Core tools for working with streams	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/os.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/library/io.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/index.html
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/library/index.html
Generic Operating System Services	https://docs.python.org/library/allos.html
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces	https://docs.python.org/library/os.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

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