René's URL Explorer Experiment

Title: typing — Support for type hints — Python 3.15.0a5 documentation

Open Graph Title: typing — Support for type hints

Description: Source code: Lib/typing.py This module provides runtime support for type hints. Consider the function below: The function surface_area_of_cube takes an argument expected to be an instance of float,...

Open Graph Description: Source code: Lib/typing.py This module provides runtime support for type hints. Consider the function below: The function surface_area_of_cube takes an argument expected to be an instance of float,...

Opengraph URL: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html

direct link

Domain: docs.python.org

og:type	website
og:site_name	Python documentation
og:image:width	1146
og:image:height	600
og:image	https://docs.python.org/3.15/_images/social_previews/summary_library_typing_cafdca99.png
og:image:alt	Source code: Lib/typing.py This module provides runtime support for type hints. Consider the function below: The function surface_area_of_cube takes an argument expected to be an instance of float,...
twitter:card	summary_large_image
theme-color	#3776ab
readthedocs-addons-api-version	1

Links:

	https://www.python.org/
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/contents.html
typing — Support for type hints	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html
Specification for the Python Type System	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#specification-for-the-python-type-system
Type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-aliases
NewType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#newtype
Annotating callable objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callable-objects
Generics	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#generics
Annotating tuples	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-tuples
The type of class objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-type-of-class-objects
Annotating generators and coroutines	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
User-defined generic types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#user-defined-generic-types
The Any type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-any-type
Nominal vs structural subtyping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#nominal-vs-structural-subtyping
Module contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#module-contents
Special typing primitives	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-typing-primitives
Special types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-types
Special forms	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-forms
Building generic types and type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#building-generic-types-and-type-aliases
Other special directives	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#other-special-directives
Protocols	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#protocols
ABCs and Protocols for working with I/O	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#abcs-and-protocols-for-working-with-i-o
Functions and decorators	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#functions-and-decorators
Introspection helpers	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#introspection-helpers
Constant	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#constant
Deprecated aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecated-aliases
Aliases to built-in types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-built-in-types
Aliases to types in collections	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-types-in-collections
Aliases to other concrete types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-concrete-types
Aliases to container ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-container-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-asynchronous-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to other ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to contextlib ABCs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-contextlib-abcs
Deprecation Timeline of Major Features	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecation-timeline-of-major-features
Development Tools	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/pydoc.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/typing.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/pydoc.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/index.html
Development Tools	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
typing — Support for type hints	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing-support-for-type-hints
Lib/typing.py	https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Lib/typing.py
type checkers	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-static-type-checker
float	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#float
type hint	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-type-hint
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
float	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#float
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
typing	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#module-typing
typing_extensions	https://pypi.org/project/typing_extensions/
Typing cheat sheet	https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/cheat_sheet_py3.html
the mypy docs	https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html
Static Typing with Python	https://typing.python.org/en/latest/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#specification-for-the-python-type-system
Specification for the Python type system	https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/index.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-aliases
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
TypeAlias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#newtype
NewType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType
NewType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType
PEP 484	https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callable-objects
callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-callable
collections.abc.Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Callable
typing.Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Callable
int	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#int
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
overloaded functions	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#overload
Protocol	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
__call__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__call__
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
PEP 612	https://peps.python.org/pep-0612/
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#generics
type parameter syntax	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
TypeVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-tuples
list	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list
Mapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping
tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-type-of-class-objects
typing.Type[C]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Type
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#type
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
type variables	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#generics
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#type
metaclass hierarchy	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#metaclasses
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
Generator[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
Generator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
Iterable[YieldType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
Iterator[YieldType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterator
AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator
AsyncIterable[YieldType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterable
AsyncIterator[YieldType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterator
Coroutine[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType]	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Coroutine
Generator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#user-defined-generic-types
type variable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typevar
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
__class_getitem__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__class_getitem__
TypeVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
TypeVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
PEP 612	https://peps.python.org/pep-0612/
hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-hashable
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-any-type
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
int	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#int
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
object	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#object
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
object	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#object
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
object	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#object
object	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#object
object	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#object
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#nominal-vs-structural-subtyping
PEP 484	https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/
Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
PEP 484	https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/
PEP 544	https://peps.python.org/pep-0544/
Protocol	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#module-contents
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-typing-primitives
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-types
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AnyStr
constrained type variable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing-constrained-typevar
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
bytes	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
type parameter syntax	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.LiteralString
PEP 675	https://peps.python.org/pep-0675/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Never
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoReturn
bottom type	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_type
sys.exit()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/sys.html#sys.exit
assert_never()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.assert_never
NoReturn	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoReturn
Never	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Never
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Self
classmethod	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#classmethod
__enter__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__enter__
PEP 673	https://peps.python.org/pep-0673/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
type alias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-aliases
PEP 613	https://peps.python.org/pep-0613/
TypeAlias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
TypeAlias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
TypeAlias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-forms
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Union
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
union type expressions	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-union
types.UnionType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/types.html#types.UnionType
Union	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Union
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Optional
union type expressions	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-union
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
threading.Lock	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/threading.html#threading.Lock
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
PEP 612	https://peps.python.org/pep-0612/
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Annotating callable objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Literal
PEP 586	https://peps.python.org/pep-0586/
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-hashable
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
PEP 526	https://peps.python.org/pep-0526/
ClassVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
ClassVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
issubclass()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#issubclass
ClassVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
ClassVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
Final	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Final
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Final
PEP 591	https://peps.python.org/pep-0591/
Final	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Final
ClassVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Required
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
PEP 655	https://peps.python.org/pep-0655/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NotRequired
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
PEP 655	https://peps.python.org/pep-0655/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
PEP 705	https://peps.python.org/pep-0705/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated
@no_type_check	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.no_type_check
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
TypeAliasType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
TypeVarTuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple
TypeVars	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
get_type_hints()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_type_hints
get_origin()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_origin
PEP 593	https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeIs
TypeGuard	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeGuard
PEP 742	https://peps.python.org/pep-0742/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeGuard
TypeIs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeIs
PEP 647	https://peps.python.org/pep-0647/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Unpack
type variable tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typevartuple
typing.TypeVarTuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple
builtins.tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
typing.TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
PEP 692	https://peps.python.org/pep-0692/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#building-generic-types-and-type-aliases
type parameter lists	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Language Reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-classes
generic function	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-functions
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
generic functions	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-functions
generic classes	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-classes
generic type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-type-aliases
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
type parameter syntax	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
PEP 484	https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__name__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__covariant__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__contravariant__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__infer_variance__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__bound__
type parameter syntax	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
Lazy evaluation	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.evaluate_bound
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__bound__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__bound__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__bound__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__bound__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__constraints__
type parameter syntax	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
Lazy evaluation	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.evaluate_constraints
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__constraints__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__constraints__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__constraints__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__constraints__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.evaluate_default
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__default__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__default__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.has_default
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
lazily evaluated	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
type parameter	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple
type variable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typevar
type parameter lists	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
Unpack	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Unpack
PEP 646	https://peps.python.org/pep-0646/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.__name__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.evaluate_default
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.__default__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.__default__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.has_default
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVarTuple.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
lazily evaluated	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
type parameter	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
type variables	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typevar
type parameter lists	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
TypeVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
Any	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Any
cast()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.cast
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.args
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.kwargs
ParamSpecArgs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecArgs
ParamSpecKwargs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecKwargs
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.__name__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.evaluate_default
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.__default__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.__default__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.has_default
__default__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec.__default__
typing.NoDefault	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
lazily evaluated	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
TypeVar	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
type parameter	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
PEP 612	https://peps.python.org/pep-0612/
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
Annotating callable objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecArgs
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecKwargs
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
get_origin()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_origin
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#type
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__name__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__qualname__
qualified name	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-qualified-name
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__module__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__type_params__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__value__
lazily evaluated	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/executionmodel.html#lazy-evaluation
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.evaluate_value
evaluate function	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-evaluate-function
__value__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__value__
VALUE	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.VALUE
__value__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAliasType.__value__
annotationlib.call_evaluate_function()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.call_evaluate_function
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#other-special-directives
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NamedTuple
collections.namedtuple()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple
namedtuple()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple
PEP 526	https://peps.python.org/pep-0526/
super()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#super
closure variable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-closure-variable
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType
distinct types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#distinct
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType.__module__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType.__name__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NewType.__supertype__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
PEP 544	https://peps.python.org/pep-0544/
runtime_checkable()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.runtime_checkable
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
issubclass()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#issubclass
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.runtime_checkable
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
issubclass()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#issubclass
collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc
Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
ssl.SSLObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLObject
issubclass()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#issubclass
Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
ssl.SSLObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLObject
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
hasattr()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#hasattr
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
inspect.getattr_static()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/inspect.html#inspect.getattr_static
hasattr()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#hasattr
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
What’s new in Python 3.12	https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.12.html#whatsnew-typing-py312
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
dicts	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict
dict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict
identifiers	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers
mangled	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/expressions.html#private-name-mangling
NotRequired	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NotRequired
Required	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Required
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Generic	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generic
Annotations Best Practices	https://docs.python.org/dev/howto/annotations.html#annotations-howto
__total__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__total__
__required_keys__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__required_keys__
__optional_keys__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__optional_keys__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__total__
NotRequired	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NotRequired
__required_keys__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__required_keys__
__optional_keys__	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__optional_keys__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__required_keys__
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__optional_keys__
frozenset	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#frozenset
Required	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Required
NotRequired	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NotRequired
ReadOnly	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__readonly_keys__
frozenset	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#frozenset
ReadOnly	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict.__mutable_keys__
frozenset	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#frozenset
ReadOnly	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
TypedDict	https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/typeddict.html#typeddict
Required	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Required
NotRequired	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NotRequired
PEP 655	https://peps.python.org/pep-0655/
ReadOnly	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#protocols
@runtime_checkable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.runtime_checkable
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsAbs
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsBytes
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsComplex
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsFloat
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsIndex
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsInt
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsRound
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#abcs-and-protocols-for-working-with-i-o
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.IO
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TextIO
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.BinaryIO
open()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#open
io.Reader	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/io.html#io.Reader
io.Writer	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/io.html#io.Writer
collections.abc.Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#functions-and-decorators
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.cast
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.assert_type
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.assert_never
int	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#int
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
float	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#float
Never	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Never
Unreachable Code and Exhaustiveness Checking	https://typing.python.org/en/latest/guides/unreachable.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.reveal_type
sys.stderr	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/sys.html#sys.stderr
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.dataclass_transform
dataclass	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass
@dataclasses.dataclass	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass
@dataclasses.dataclass	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass
@dataclasses.dataclass	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass
bool	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#bool
bool	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#bool
bool	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#bool
bool	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#bool
tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Callable
dataclasses.field()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.field
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#id7
PEP 681	https://peps.python.org/pep-0681/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.overload
NotImplementedError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError
PEP 484	https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/
get_overloads()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_overloads
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_overloads
@overload	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.overload
@overload	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.overload
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.clear_overloads
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.final
PEP 591	https://peps.python.org/pep-0591/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.no_type_check
decorator	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-decorator
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.override
PEP 698	https://peps.python.org/pep-0698/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.type_check_only
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#introspection-helpers
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_type_hints
ForwardRef	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ForwardRef
type parameter	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#type-params
types.NoneType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/types.html#types.NoneType
@no_type_check	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.no_type_check
C.__mro__	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#type.__mro__
method resolution order	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-method-resolution-order
Annotated	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated
annotationlib.get_annotations()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.get_annotations
Security implications of introspecting annotations	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib-security
NameError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#NameError
type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-aliases
if TYPE_CHECKING	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TYPE_CHECKING
PEP 593	https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/
Annotated	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_origin
collections	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#module-collections
ParamSpecArgs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecArgs
ParamSpecKwargs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpecKwargs
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_args
Literal	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Literal
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.get_protocol_members
Protocol	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
TypeError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#TypeError
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.is_protocol
Protocol	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.is_typeddict
TypedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ForwardRef
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
annotationlib.ForwardRef	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.ForwardRef
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.evaluate_forward_ref
annotationlib.ForwardRef	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.ForwardRef
type hint	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-type-hint
annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate
annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate
Security implications of introspecting annotations	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib-security
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.NoDefault
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#constant
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TYPE_CHECKING
PEP 649	https://peps.python.org/pep-0649/
annotationlib.get_annotations()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.get_annotations
annotationlib.Format.STRING	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.STRING
annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF
NameError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#NameError
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecated-aliases
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-built-in-types
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Dict
dict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict
Mapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping
dict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict
builtins.dict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.List
list	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list
Sequence	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Sequence
Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
list	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list
builtins.list	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Set
builtins.set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#set
collections.abc.Set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Set
set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#set
typing.Set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Set
builtins.set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#set
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.FrozenSet
builtins.frozenset	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#frozenset
builtins.frozenset	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#frozenset
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple
tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
Annotating tuples	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-tuples
builtins.tuple	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#tuple
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Type
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#type
The type of class objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-of-class-objects
type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#type
builtins.type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#type
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
collections	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#module-collections
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-types-in-collections
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.DefaultDict
collections.defaultdict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict
collections.defaultdict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.OrderedDict
collections.OrderedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.OrderedDict
collections.OrderedDict	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.OrderedDict
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ChainMap
collections.ChainMap	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap
collections.ChainMap	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Counter
collections.Counter	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.Counter
collections.Counter	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.Counter
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Deque
collections.deque	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.deque
collections.deque	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.html#collections.deque
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-concrete-types
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Pattern
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Match
re.compile()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/re.html#re.compile
re.match()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/re.html#re.match
AnyStr	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AnyStr
re	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/re.html#module-re
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Text
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
str	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str
collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-container-abcs-in-collections-abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AbstractSet
collections.abc.Set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Set
collections.abc.Set	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Set
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ByteString
collections.abc.ByteString	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ByteString
buffer protocol	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects
Buffer	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Buffer
bytes	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
bytearray	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#bytearray
memoryview	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#memoryview
PEP 688	https://peps.python.org/pep-0688/#current-options
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Collection
collections.abc.Collection	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Collection
collections.abc.Collection	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Collection
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Container
collections.abc.Container	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Container
collections.abc.Container	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Container
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ItemsView
collections.abc.ItemsView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ItemsView
collections.abc.ItemsView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ItemsView
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.KeysView
collections.abc.KeysView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.KeysView
collections.abc.KeysView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.KeysView
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Mapping
collections.abc.Mapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping
collections.abc.Mapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.MappingView
collections.abc.MappingView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MappingView
collections.abc.MappingView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MappingView
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.MutableMapping
collections.abc.MutableMapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableMapping
collections.abc.MutableMapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableMapping
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.MutableSequence
collections.abc.MutableSequence	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableSequence
collections.abc.MutableSequence	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableSequence
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.MutableSet
collections.abc.MutableSet	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableSet
collections.abc.MutableSet	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableSet
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Sequence
collections.abc.Sequence	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Sequence
collections.abc.Sequence	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Sequence
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ValuesView
collections.abc.ValuesView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ValuesView
collections.abc.ValuesView	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ValuesView
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-asynchronous-abcs-in-collections-abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Coroutine
collections.abc.Coroutine	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Coroutine
Annotating generators and coroutines	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
collections.abc.Coroutine	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Coroutine
collections.abc.Coroutine	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Coroutine
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AsyncGenerator
collections.abc.AsyncGenerator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator
Annotating generators and coroutines	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
collections.abc.AsyncGenerator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator
collections.abc.AsyncGenerator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AsyncIterable
collections.abc.AsyncIterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterable
collections.abc.AsyncIterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterable
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AsyncIterator
collections.abc.AsyncIterator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterator
collections.abc.AsyncIterator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.AsyncIterator
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Awaitable
collections.abc.Awaitable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Awaitable
collections.abc.Awaitable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Awaitable
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-abcs-in-collections-abc
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Iterable
collections.abc.Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
collections.abc.Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Iterator
collections.abc.Iterator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterator
collections.abc.Iterator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterator
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Callable
collections.abc.Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Callable
Annotating callable objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callables
collections.abc.Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Callable
collections.abc.Callable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Callable
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
ParamSpec	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
Concatenate	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Concatenate
PEP 612	https://peps.python.org/pep-0612/
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Generator
collections.abc.Generator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
Annotating generators and coroutines	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
collections.abc.Generator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
collections.abc.Generator	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Generator
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Hashable
collections.abc.Hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Hashable
collections.abc.Hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Hashable
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Reversible
collections.abc.Reversible	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Reversible
collections.abc.Reversible	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Reversible
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Sized
collections.abc.Sized	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Sized
collections.abc.Sized	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Sized
contextlib	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#module-contextlib
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-contextlib-abcs
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ContextManager
contextlib.AbstractContextManager	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.AbstractContextManager
__enter__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__enter__
__exit__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__exit__
contextlib.AbstractContextManager	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.AbstractContextManager
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AsyncContextManager
contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager
__aenter__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__aenter__
__aexit__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__aexit__
contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
Generic Alias Type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#types-genericalias
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecation-timeline-of-major-features
Deprecated aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecated-aliases
PEP 585	https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/
typing.ByteString	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.ByteString
gh-91896	https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91896
typing.Text	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Text
gh-92332	https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92332
typing.Hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Hashable
typing.Sized	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.Sized
gh-94309	https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94309
typing.TypeAlias	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
PEP 695	https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/
typing.AnyStr	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#typing.AnyStr
gh-105578	https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105578
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/contents.html
typing — Support for type hints	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html
Specification for the Python Type System	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#specification-for-the-python-type-system
Type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#type-aliases
NewType	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#newtype
Annotating callable objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-callable-objects
Generics	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#generics
Annotating tuples	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-tuples
The type of class objects	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-type-of-class-objects
Annotating generators and coroutines	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#annotating-generators-and-coroutines
User-defined generic types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#user-defined-generic-types
The Any type	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#the-any-type
Nominal vs structural subtyping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#nominal-vs-structural-subtyping
Module contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#module-contents
Special typing primitives	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-typing-primitives
Special types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-types
Special forms	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#special-forms
Building generic types and type aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#building-generic-types-and-type-aliases
Other special directives	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#other-special-directives
Protocols	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#protocols
ABCs and Protocols for working with I/O	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#abcs-and-protocols-for-working-with-i-o
Functions and decorators	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#functions-and-decorators
Introspection helpers	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#introspection-helpers
Constant	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#constant
Deprecated aliases	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecated-aliases
Aliases to built-in types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-built-in-types
Aliases to types in collections	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-types-in-collections
Aliases to other concrete types	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-concrete-types
Aliases to container ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-container-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-asynchronous-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to other ABCs in collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-other-abcs-in-collections-abc
Aliases to contextlib ABCs	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#aliases-to-contextlib-abcs
Deprecation Timeline of Major Features	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html#deprecation-timeline-of-major-features
Development Tools	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/pydoc.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/typing.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/pydoc.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/index.html
Development Tools	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/development.html
typing — Support for type hints	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/typing.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/dev/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

Viewport: width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0

URLs of crawlers that visited me.