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	https://www.python.org/
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/contents.html
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html
Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-indentation-for-grouping-of-statements
Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-am-i-getting-strange-results-with-simple-arithmetic-operations
Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate
Why are Python strings immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-python-strings-immutable
Why must ‘self’ be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls
Why can’t I use an assignment in an expression?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-i-use-an-assignment-in-an-expression
Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-methods-for-some-functionality-e-g-list-index-but-functions-for-other-e-g-len-list
Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-join-a-string-method-instead-of-a-list-or-tuple-method
How fast are exceptions?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-fast-are-exceptions
Why isn’t there a switch or case statement in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python
Can’t you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-t-you-emulate-threads-in-the-interpreter-instead-of-relying-on-an-os-specific-thread-implementation
Why can’t lambda expressions contain statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-lambda-expressions-contain-statements
Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-python-be-compiled-to-machine-code-c-or-some-other-language
How does Python manage memory?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-does-python-manage-memory
Why doesn’t CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-cpython-use-a-more-traditional-garbage-collection-scheme
Why isn’t all memory freed when CPython exits?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-all-memory-freed-when-cpython-exits
Why are there separate tuple and list data types?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-there-separate-tuple-and-list-data-types
How are lists implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-lists-implemented-in-cpython
How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-dictionaries-implemented-in-cpython
Why must dictionary keys be immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-dictionary-keys-be-immutable
Why doesn’t list.sort() return the sorted list?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-do-you-specify-and-enforce-an-interface-spec-in-python
Why is there no goto?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-there-no-goto
Why can’t raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-raw-strings-r-strings-end-with-a-backslash
Why doesn’t Python have a “with” statement for attribute assignments?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-python-have-a-with-statement-for-attribute-assignments
Why don’t generators support the with statement?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-don-t-generators-support-the-with-statement
Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-colons-required-for-the-if-while-def-class-statements
Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-allow-commas-at-the-end-of-lists-and-tuples
Programming FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/programming.html
Library and Extension FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/library.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/faq/design.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/library.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/programming.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
Python Frequently Asked Questions	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/index.html
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id2
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#design-and-history-faq
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#design-and-history-faq
Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-indentation-for-grouping-of-statements
Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-am-i-getting-strange-results-with-simple-arithmetic-operations
Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate
Why are Python strings immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-python-strings-immutable
Why must ‘self’ be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls
Why can’t I use an assignment in an expression?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-i-use-an-assignment-in-an-expression
Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-methods-for-some-functionality-e-g-list-index-but-functions-for-other-e-g-len-list
Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-join-a-string-method-instead-of-a-list-or-tuple-method
How fast are exceptions?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-fast-are-exceptions
Why isn’t there a switch or case statement in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python
Can’t you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-t-you-emulate-threads-in-the-interpreter-instead-of-relying-on-an-os-specific-thread-implementation
Why can’t lambda expressions contain statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-lambda-expressions-contain-statements
Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-python-be-compiled-to-machine-code-c-or-some-other-language
How does Python manage memory?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-does-python-manage-memory
Why doesn’t CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-cpython-use-a-more-traditional-garbage-collection-scheme
Why isn’t all memory freed when CPython exits?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-all-memory-freed-when-cpython-exits
Why are there separate tuple and list data types?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-there-separate-tuple-and-list-data-types
How are lists implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-lists-implemented-in-cpython
How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-dictionaries-implemented-in-cpython
Why must dictionary keys be immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-dictionary-keys-be-immutable
Why doesn’t list.sort() return the sorted list?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-do-you-specify-and-enforce-an-interface-spec-in-python
Why is there no goto?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-there-no-goto
Why can’t raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-raw-strings-r-strings-end-with-a-backslash
Why doesn’t Python have a “with” statement for attribute assignments?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-python-have-a-with-statement-for-attribute-assignments
Why don’t generators support the with statement?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-don-t-generators-support-the-with-statement
Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-colons-required-for-the-if-while-def-class-statements
Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-allow-commas-at-the-end-of-lists-and-tuples
Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id3
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-indentation-for-grouping-of-statements
Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id4
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-am-i-getting-strange-results-with-simple-arithmetic-operations
Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id5
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate
float	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#float
float	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#float
floating-point arithmetic	https://docs.python.org/dev/tutorial/floatingpoint.html#tut-fp-issues
Why are Python strings immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id6
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-python-strings-immutable
Why must ‘self’ be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id7
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls
__init__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__
Why can’t I use an assignment in an expression?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id8
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-i-use-an-assignment-in-an-expression
PEP 572	https://peps.python.org/pep-0572/
Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id9
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-methods-for-some-functionality-e-g-list-index-but-functions-for-other-e-g-len-list
https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2006-November/004643.html	https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2006-November/004643.html
Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id10
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-join-a-string-method-instead-of-a-list-or-tuple-method
split()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str.split
join()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#str.join
How fast are exceptions?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id11
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-fast-are-exceptions
try	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#try
except	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#except
Why isn’t there a switch or case statement in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id12
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python
getattr()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#getattr
Can’t you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id13
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-t-you-emulate-threads-in-the-interpreter-instead-of-relying-on-an-os-specific-thread-implementation
Stackless Python	https://github.com/stackless-dev/stackless/wiki
Why can’t lambda expressions contain statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id14
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-lambda-expressions-contain-statements
Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id15
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-python-be-compiled-to-machine-code-c-or-some-other-language
Cython	https://cython.org/
Nuitka	https://nuitka.net/
How does Python manage memory?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id16
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-does-python-manage-memory
CPython	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-CPython
gc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/gc.html#module-gc
Jython	https://www.jython.org
PyPy	https://pypy.org
with	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
Why doesn’t CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id17
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-cpython-use-a-more-traditional-garbage-collection-scheme
Why isn’t all memory freed when CPython exits?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id18
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-all-memory-freed-when-cpython-exits
atexit	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/atexit.html#module-atexit
Why are there separate tuple and list data types?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id19
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-there-separate-tuple-and-list-data-types
os.listdir('.')	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/os.html#os.listdir
immutable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immutable
mutable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-mutable
hashable	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-hashable
How are lists implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id20
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-lists-implemented-in-cpython
How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id21
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-dictionaries-implemented-in-cpython
hash()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#hash
Why must dictionary keys be immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id22
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-dictionary-keys-be-immutable
KeyError	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/exceptions.html#KeyError
is	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/expressions.html#is
__eq__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__eq__
__hash__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__
Why doesn’t list.sort() return the sorted list?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id23
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
list.sort()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list.sort
sorted()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#sorted
How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id24
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-do-you-specify-and-enforce-an-interface-spec-in-python
abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/abc.html#module-abc
isinstance()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#isinstance
issubclass()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#issubclass
collections.abc	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc
Iterable	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Iterable
Container	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Container
MutableMapping	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableMapping
doctest	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/doctest.html#module-doctest
unittest	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/unittest.html#module-unittest
list.append()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list.append
list.append()	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#list.append
Why is there no goto?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id25
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-there-no-goto
if	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#if
or	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/expressions.html#or
and	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/expressions.html#and
if	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#if
else	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#else
while	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#while
for	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#for
continue	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#continue
break	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/simple_stmts.html#break
Why can’t raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id26
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-raw-strings-r-strings-end-with-a-backslash
Why doesn’t Python have a “with” statement for attribute assignments?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id27
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-python-have-a-with-statement-for-attribute-assignments
with	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
with	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
with	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2016-May/040070.html	https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2016-May/040070.html
Why don’t generators support the with statement?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id28
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-don-t-generators-support-the-with-statement
contextlib.closing(generator)	https://docs.python.org/dev/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.closing
with	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/compound_stmts.html#with
Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id29
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-colons-required-for-the-if-while-def-class-statements
Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#id30
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-allow-commas-at-the-end-of-lists-and-tuples
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/dev/contents.html
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html
Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-indentation-for-grouping-of-statements
Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-am-i-getting-strange-results-with-simple-arithmetic-operations
Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate
Why are Python strings immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-python-strings-immutable
Why must ‘self’ be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-self-be-used-explicitly-in-method-definitions-and-calls
Why can’t I use an assignment in an expression?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-i-use-an-assignment-in-an-expression
Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but functions for other (e.g. len(list))?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-use-methods-for-some-functionality-e-g-list-index-but-functions-for-other-e-g-len-list
Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-join-a-string-method-instead-of-a-list-or-tuple-method
How fast are exceptions?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-fast-are-exceptions
Why isn’t there a switch or case statement in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python
Can’t you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-t-you-emulate-threads-in-the-interpreter-instead-of-relying-on-an-os-specific-thread-implementation
Why can’t lambda expressions contain statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-lambda-expressions-contain-statements
Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#can-python-be-compiled-to-machine-code-c-or-some-other-language
How does Python manage memory?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-does-python-manage-memory
Why doesn’t CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-cpython-use-a-more-traditional-garbage-collection-scheme
Why isn’t all memory freed when CPython exits?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-all-memory-freed-when-cpython-exits
Why are there separate tuple and list data types?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-there-separate-tuple-and-list-data-types
How are lists implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-lists-implemented-in-cpython
How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-are-dictionaries-implemented-in-cpython
Why must dictionary keys be immutable?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-must-dictionary-keys-be-immutable
Why doesn’t list.sort() return the sorted list?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-list-sort-return-the-sorted-list
How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#how-do-you-specify-and-enforce-an-interface-spec-in-python
Why is there no goto?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-is-there-no-goto
Why can’t raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-can-t-raw-strings-r-strings-end-with-a-backslash
Why doesn’t Python have a “with” statement for attribute assignments?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-doesn-t-python-have-a-with-statement-for-attribute-assignments
Why don’t generators support the with statement?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-don-t-generators-support-the-with-statement
Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-are-colons-required-for-the-if-while-def-class-statements
Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html#why-does-python-allow-commas-at-the-end-of-lists-and-tuples
Programming FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/programming.html
Library and Extension FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/library.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/faq/design.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/library.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/programming.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
Python Frequently Asked Questions	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/index.html
Design and History FAQ	https://docs.python.org/dev/faq/design.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/dev/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

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