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Title: Reference Counting — Python 3.15.0a5 documentation

Open Graph Title: Reference Counting

Description: The functions and macros in this section are used for managing reference counts of Python objects.

Open Graph Description: The functions and macros in this section are used for managing reference counts of Python objects.

Opengraph URL: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/refcounting.html

direct link

Domain: docs.python.org

og:type	website
og:site_name	Python documentation
og:image:width	1146
og:image:height	600
og:image	https://docs.python.org/3.15/_images/social_previews/summary_c-api_refcounting_8cfb322e.png
og:image:alt	The functions and macros in this section are used for managing reference counts of Python objects.
twitter:card	summary_large_image
theme-color	#3776ab
readthedocs-addons-api-version	1

Links:

	https://www.python.org/
The Very High Level Layer	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/veryhigh.html
Exception Handling	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/exceptions.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/exceptions.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/veryhigh.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
Python/C API Reference Manual	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/index.html
Reference Counting	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#reference-counting
Py_ssize_t	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_REFCNT
Stable ABI	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/stable.html#stable
immortal	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immortal
Py_SET_REFCNT()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_SET_REFCNT
free threaded	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-free-threading
PyUnstable_Object_IsUniquelyReferenced()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/object.html#c.PyUnstable_Object_IsUniquelyReferenced
PyUnstable_Object_IsUniqueReferencedTemporary()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/object.html#c.PyUnstable_Object_IsUniqueReferencedTemporary
Py_REFCNT()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_REFCNT
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
Py_ssize_t	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_SET_REFCNT
Python build with Free Threading	https://docs.python.org/dev/using/configure.html#free-threading-build
immortal	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immortal
immortal	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immortal
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_INCREF
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
immortal	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immortal
borrowed reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-borrowed-reference
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_NewRef()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_NewRef
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
Py_XINCREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XINCREF
some objects	https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XINCREF
Py_INCREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_INCREF
Py_XNewRef()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XNewRef
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_NewRef
Stable ABI	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/stable.html#stable
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_INCREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_INCREF
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
Py_XNewRef()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XNewRef
Py_INCREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_INCREF
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XNewRef
Stable ABI	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/stable.html#stable
Py_NewRef()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_NewRef
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
immortal	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-immortal
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_XDECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XDECREF
some objects	https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/
__del__()	https://docs.python.org/dev/reference/datamodel.html#object.__del__
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XDECREF
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_CLEAR
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_IncRef
Stable ABI	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/stable.html#stable
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_XINCREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XINCREF
PyObject	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/structures.html#c.PyObject
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DecRef
Stable ABI	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/stable.html#stable
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_XDECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XDECREF
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_SETREF
strong reference	https://docs.python.org/dev/glossary.html#term-strong-reference
Py_CLEAR()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_CLEAR
¶	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XSETREF
Py_SETREF	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_SETREF
Py_XDECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_XDECREF
Py_DECREF()	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF
The Very High Level Layer	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/veryhigh.html
Exception Handling	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/exceptions.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/dev/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/c-api/refcounting.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/dev/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/dev/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/exceptions.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/veryhigh.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.15.0a5 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/dev/index.html
Python/C API Reference Manual	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/index.html
Reference Counting	https://docs.python.org/dev/c-api/refcounting.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/dev/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

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