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Title: The Python Tutorial — Python 3.14.2 documentation

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Description: Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax an...

Open Graph Description: Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax an...

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Links:

	https://www.python.org/
Changelog	https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html
1. Whetting Your Appetite	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appetite.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/tutorial/index.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appetite.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/3/index.html
The Python Tutorial	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html#the-python-tutorial
https://www.python.org/	https://www.python.org/
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html#library-index
The Python Language Reference	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html#reference-index
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter	https://docs.python.org/3/extending/index.html#extending-index
Python/C API Reference Manual	https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/index.html#c-api-index
The Python Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html#library-index
Glossary	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#glossary
1. Whetting Your Appetite	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appetite.html
2. Using the Python Interpreter	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html
2.1. Invoking the Interpreter	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html#invoking-the-interpreter
2.1.1. Argument Passing	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html#argument-passing
2.1.2. Interactive Mode	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html#interactive-mode
2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html#the-interpreter-and-its-environment
2.2.1. Source Code Encoding	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interpreter.html#source-code-encoding
3. An Informal Introduction to Python	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html
3.1. Using Python as a Calculator	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator
3.1.1. Numbers	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#numbers
3.1.2. Text	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#text
3.1.3. Lists	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists
3.2. First Steps Towards Programming	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming
4. More Control Flow Tools	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html
4.1. if Statements	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements
4.2. for Statements	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements
4.3. The range() Function	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function
4.4. break and continue Statements	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-statements
4.5. else Clauses on Loops	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#else-clauses-on-loops
4.6. pass Statements	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#pass-statements
4.7. match Statements	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#match-statements
4.8. Defining Functions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions
4.9. More on Defining Functions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions
4.9.1. Default Argument Values	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#default-argument-values
4.9.2. Keyword Arguments	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-arguments
4.9.3. Special parameters	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#special-parameters
4.9.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-or-keyword-arguments
4.9.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-only-parameters
4.9.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-only-arguments
4.9.3.4. Function Examples	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#function-examples
4.9.3.5. Recap	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#recap
4.9.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists
4.9.5. Unpacking Argument Lists	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#unpacking-argument-lists
4.9.6. Lambda Expressions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#lambda-expressions
4.9.7. Documentation Strings	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#documentation-strings
4.9.8. Function Annotations	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#function-annotations
4.10. Intermezzo: Coding Style	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#intermezzo-coding-style
5. Data Structures	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html
5.1. More on Lists	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists
5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-stacks
5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-queues
5.1.3. List Comprehensions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions
5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#nested-list-comprehensions
5.2. The del statement	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement
5.3. Tuples and Sequences	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences
5.4. Sets	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#sets
5.5. Dictionaries	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries
5.6. Looping Techniques	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques
5.7. More on Conditions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-conditions
5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#comparing-sequences-and-other-types
6. Modules	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html
6.1. More on Modules	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#more-on-modules
6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#executing-modules-as-scripts
6.1.2. The Module Search Path	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#the-module-search-path
6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#compiled-python-files
6.2. Standard Modules	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules
6.3. The dir() Function	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#the-dir-function
6.4. Packages	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#packages
6.4.1. Importing * From a Package	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#importing-from-a-package
6.4.2. Intra-package References	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#intra-package-references
6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#packages-in-multiple-directories
7. Input and Output	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html
7.1. Fancier Output Formatting	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#fancier-output-formatting
7.1.1. Formatted String Literals	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#formatted-string-literals
7.1.2. The String format() Method	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#the-string-format-method
7.1.3. Manual String Formatting	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#manual-string-formatting
7.1.4. Old string formatting	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#old-string-formatting
7.2. Reading and Writing Files	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files
7.2.1. Methods of File Objects	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#methods-of-file-objects
7.2.2. Saving structured data with json	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#saving-structured-data-with-json
8. Errors and Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html
8.1. Syntax Errors	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#syntax-errors
8.2. Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions
8.3. Handling Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#handling-exceptions
8.4. Raising Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions
8.5. Exception Chaining	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#exception-chaining
8.6. User-defined Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#user-defined-exceptions
8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#defining-clean-up-actions
8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#predefined-clean-up-actions
8.9. Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#raising-and-handling-multiple-unrelated-exceptions
8.10. Enriching Exceptions with Notes	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#enriching-exceptions-with-notes
9. Classes	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html
9.1. A Word About Names and Objects	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#a-word-about-names-and-objects
9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces
9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#scopes-and-namespaces-example
9.3. A First Look at Classes	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#a-first-look-at-classes
9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#class-definition-syntax
9.3.2. Class Objects	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#class-objects
9.3.3. Instance Objects	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#instance-objects
9.3.4. Method Objects	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#method-objects
9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#class-and-instance-variables
9.4. Random Remarks	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#random-remarks
9.5. Inheritance	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#inheritance
9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#multiple-inheritance
9.6. Private Variables	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#private-variables
9.7. Odds and Ends	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#odds-and-ends
9.8. Iterators	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#iterators
9.9. Generators	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#generators
9.10. Generator Expressions	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#generator-expressions
10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html
10.1. Operating System Interface	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#operating-system-interface
10.2. File Wildcards	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#file-wildcards
10.3. Command Line Arguments	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#command-line-arguments
10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#error-output-redirection-and-program-termination
10.5. String Pattern Matching	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#string-pattern-matching
10.6. Mathematics	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#mathematics
10.7. Internet Access	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#internet-access
10.8. Dates and Times	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#dates-and-times
10.9. Data Compression	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#data-compression
10.10. Performance Measurement	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#performance-measurement
10.11. Quality Control	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#quality-control
10.12. Batteries Included	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib.html#batteries-included
11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html
11.1. Output Formatting	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#output-formatting
11.2. Templating	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#templating
11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#working-with-binary-data-record-layouts
11.4. Multi-threading	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#multi-threading
11.5. Logging	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#logging
11.6. Weak References	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#weak-references
11.7. Tools for Working with Lists	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#tools-for-working-with-lists
11.8. Decimal Floating-Point Arithmetic	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/stdlib2.html#decimal-floating-point-arithmetic
12. Virtual Environments and Packages	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html
12.1. Introduction	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html#introduction
12.2. Creating Virtual Environments	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html#creating-virtual-environments
12.3. Managing Packages with pip	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html#managing-packages-with-pip
13. What Now?	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/whatnow.html
14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interactive.html
14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interactive.html#tab-completion-and-history-editing
14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interactive.html#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter
15. Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/floatingpoint.html
15.1. Representation Error	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/floatingpoint.html#representation-error
16. Appendix	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html
16.1. Interactive Mode	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html#interactive-mode
16.1.1. Error Handling	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html#error-handling
16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html#executable-python-scripts
16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html#the-interactive-startup-file
16.1.4. The Customization Modules	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appendix.html#the-customization-modules
Changelog	https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html
1. Whetting Your Appetite	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appetite.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/tutorial/index.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/appetite.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/3/index.html
The Python Tutorial	https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

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