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Title: 5. The import system — Python 3.14.2 documentation

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Description: Python code in one module gains access to the code in another module by the process of importing it. The import statement is the most common way of invoking the import machinery, but it is not the ...

Open Graph Description: Python code in one module gains access to the code in another module by the process of importing it. The import statement is the most common way of invoking the import machinery, but it is not the ...

Opengraph URL: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html

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Links:

	https://www.python.org/
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html
5. The import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html
5.1. importlib	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#importlib
5.2. Packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#packages
5.2.1. Regular packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#regular-packages
5.2.2. Namespace packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#namespace-packages
5.3. Searching	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#searching
5.3.1. The module cache	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-module-cache
5.3.2. Finders and loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders
5.3.3. Import hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#import-hooks
5.3.4. The meta path	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-meta-path
5.4. Loading	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loading
5.4.1. Loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loaders
5.4.2. Submodules	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#submodules
5.4.3. Module specs	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-specs
5.4.4. __path__ attributes on modules	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-attributes-on-modules
5.4.5. Module reprs	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-reprs
5.4.6. Cached bytecode invalidation	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#cached-bytecode-invalidation
5.5. The Path Based Finder	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder
5.5.1. Path entry finders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finders
5.5.2. Path entry finder protocol	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finder-protocol
5.6. Replacing the standard import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system
5.7. Package Relative Imports	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#package-relative-imports
5.8. Special considerations for __main__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main
5.8.1. __main__.__spec__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#main-spec
5.9. References	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#references
4. Execution model	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html
6. Expressions	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/reference/import.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/3/index.html
The Python Language Reference	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html
5. The import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-import-system
module	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-module
importing	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-importing
import	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#import
importlib.import_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.import_module
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
import	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#import
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
import	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#import
import	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#import
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
importlib.import_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.import_module
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
[1]	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#fnmo
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
PEP 302	https://peps.python.org/pep-0302/
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
importlib	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#module-importlib
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#importlib
importlib	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#module-importlib
importlib.import_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.import_module
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
importlib	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#module-importlib
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#packages
packages	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-package
email	https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.html#module-email
email.mime	https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime
email.mime.text	https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime.text
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#regular-packages
regular packages	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-regular-package
namespace packages	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-namespace-package
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#namespace-packages
portions	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-portion
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#searching
fully qualified	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-qualified-name
import	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#import
importlib.import_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.import_module
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-module-cache
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
importlib.reload()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.reload
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
finders	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-finder
loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-loader
importers	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-importer
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-loader
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#import-hooks
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-meta-path
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
ImportWarning	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportWarning
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loading
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
later section	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#import-mod-attrs
[2]	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#fnlo
importlib.abc.Loader.load_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.load_module
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loaders
importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module
exec_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module
ImportError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportError
exec_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
create_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.create_module
create_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.create_module
load_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.load_module
exec_module()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
importlib.reload()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.reload
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
DeprecationWarning	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning
ImportError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportError
ImportWarning	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportWarning
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#submodules
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-specs
module.__spec__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#module.__spec__
modules initialized during interpreter startup	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/toplevel_components.html#programs
set to None in some cases	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#main-spec
ModuleSpec	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-attributes-on-modules
__path__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#module.__path__
sequence	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-sequence
package	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-package
__path__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#module.__path__
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
__path__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#module.__path__
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-reprs
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#cached-bytecode-invalidation
--check-hash-based-pycs	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-check-hash-based-pycs
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
PathFinder	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.PathFinder
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
path entries	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry
zipimport	https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html#module-zipimport
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
meta path finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-meta-path-finder
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finders
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
path entry	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
PYTHONPATH	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONPATH
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
site	https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html#module-site
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
path based finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-based-finder
meta path finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-meta-path-finder
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
PathEntryFinder	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
importer	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-importer
path entry	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
path entry hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-hook
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
ImportError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportError
ImportError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportError
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
path entry	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry
import path	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-import-path
ImportError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportError
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
meta path finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-meta-path-finder
path entry finder	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-finder
path entry hook	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-entry-hook
sys.path_hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_hooks
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
sys.path_importer_cache	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache
importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finder-protocol
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec
portion	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-portion
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec
portion	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-portion
ImportWarning	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ImportWarning
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
__import__()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__
ModuleNotFoundError	https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError
find_spec()	https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#package-relative-imports
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main
__main__	https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__
elsewhere	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/toplevel_components.html#programs
sys	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#module-sys
builtins	https://docs.python.org/3/library/builtins.html#module-builtins
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#main-spec
__main__	https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__
-m	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-m
sys.path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path
the remaining cases	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#using-on-interface-options
__main__	https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__
-c	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-c
-m	https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-m
__main__	https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__
¶	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#references
specification for packages	https://www.python.org/doc/essays/packages/
sys.meta_path	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.meta_path
PEP 302	https://peps.python.org/pep-0302/
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
namespace packages	https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-namespace-package
PEP 420	https://peps.python.org/pep-0420/
PEP 366	https://peps.python.org/pep-0366/
PEP 328	https://peps.python.org/pep-0328/
PEP 366	https://peps.python.org/pep-0366/
PEP 338	https://peps.python.org/pep-0338/
PEP 451	https://peps.python.org/pep-0451/
1	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#id1
types.ModuleType	https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.ModuleType
2	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#id3
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
sys.modules	https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.modules
Table of Contents	https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html
5. The import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html
5.1. importlib	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#importlib
5.2. Packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#packages
5.2.1. Regular packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#regular-packages
5.2.2. Namespace packages	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#namespace-packages
5.3. Searching	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#searching
5.3.1. The module cache	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-module-cache
5.3.2. Finders and loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders
5.3.3. Import hooks	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#import-hooks
5.3.4. The meta path	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-meta-path
5.4. Loading	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loading
5.4.1. Loaders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#loaders
5.4.2. Submodules	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#submodules
5.4.3. Module specs	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-specs
5.4.4. __path__ attributes on modules	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-attributes-on-modules
5.4.5. Module reprs	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#module-reprs
5.4.6. Cached bytecode invalidation	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#cached-bytecode-invalidation
5.5. The Path Based Finder	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder
5.5.1. Path entry finders	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finders
5.5.2. Path entry finder protocol	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#path-entry-finder-protocol
5.6. Replacing the standard import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system
5.7. Package Relative Imports	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#package-relative-imports
5.8. Special considerations for __main__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main
5.8.1. __main__.__spec__	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#main-spec
5.9. References	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#references
4. Execution model	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html
6. Expressions	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
Report a bug	https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html
Show source	https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/reference/import.rst?plain=1
index	https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html
modules	https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html
next	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
previous	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html
Python	https://www.python.org/
3.14.2 Documentation	https://docs.python.org/3/index.html
The Python Language Reference	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html
5. The import system	https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html
Copyright	https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html
History and License	https://docs.python.org/license.html
Please donate.	https://www.python.org/psf/donations/
Found a bug	https://docs.python.org/bugs.html
Sphinx	https://www.sphinx-doc.org/

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